空气动力辅助离子化质谱组织涂片分析用于胶质瘤异柠檬酸脱氢酶基因状态的快速判别

异柠檬酸脱氢酶(IDH)基因分型对于胶质瘤的精准诊疗具有重要意义。该文将组织涂片用于病理组织代谢物质谱分析的样品前处理,并采用2-羟基戊二酸与花生四烯酸质谱响应强度的比值作为胶质瘤IDH基因状态的判别指标,建立了基于空气动力辅助离子化(AFADESI)质谱技术的胶质瘤IDH基因状态快速判别分析方法。对组织涂片用于代谢物敞开式质谱分析的可行性进行考察和定量方法学验证,结果表明其具有样品分散性好、操作简单快速、代谢物覆盖度高、定量准确度好的优点。受试者工作曲线(ROC)评估显示,其用于胶质瘤IDH基因状态判别的诊断能力良好。组织涂片结合空气动力辅助离子化质谱分析用于胶质瘤IDH基因状态的快速判别有望为胶质瘤精准诊疗提供新的分析手段和技术支持。     

Detection of Attomole Amounts of Analyte by Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (DESI-MS) Determined Using Fluorescence Spectroscopy

We report the use of fluorescence spectroscopy to investigate the amount of material removed from a PTFE surface and detected during desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) mass spectrometry measurements. The fluorescence intensity before and after DESI analysis of rhodamine 6G is used to determine the amount of material removed from the surface per mass spectrum. Calculations indicate low attomole amounts are removed per linear ion trap mass spectrum.     

解析电喷雾质谱法对感冒药中对乙酰氨基酚的快速检测

基于常压质谱的直接、快速、无需样品预处理检测的优势,该文拓展了其在药物质检领域的应用。采用自行搭建的解析电喷雾(DESI)装置,对常用感冒药对乙酰氨基酚片进行快速质谱检测,无需样品预处理,直接获得药片中有效成分的分子结构信息。为克服基质差异对定量分析的影响,以淀粉为基质构建对乙酰氨基酚模拟药片,在优化的基础上进行定量实验。针对实际药片中高浓度对乙酰氨基酚检测的需要,研究了其在较高浓度范围的定量关系,结果显示,方法对0.35～4.52 mg/mm²范围内的对乙酰氨基酚具有较好的线性关系(r²=0.998 2),定量下限为1.903 ng/mm²,检出限为0.237 ng/mm²,加标回收率为102%～114%。对3种市售的对乙酰氨基酚片进行直接检测,与厂家提供的标准数据相比,相对标准偏差(RSD)为7.2%～12%,表明方法具有较好准确度。该工作很好地证明了DESI-MS在药品快检中的优势,从而为药品质检提供了潜在的高效、可靠的检测手段。     

A Combined Desorption Ionization by Charge Exchange (DICE) and Desorption Electrospray Ionization (DESI) Source for Mass Spectrometry

A source that couples the desorption ionization by charge exchange (DICE) and desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) techniques together was demonstrated to broaden the range of compounds that can be analyzed in a single mass spectrometric experiment under ambient conditions. A tee union was used to mix the spray reagents into a partially immiscible blend before this mixture was passed through a conventional electrospray (ES) probe capillary. Using this technique, compounds that are ionized more efficiently by the DICE method and those that are ionized better with the DESI procedure could be analyzed simultaneously. For example, hydroquinone, which is not detected when subjected to DESI-MS in the positive-ion generation mode, or the sodium adduct of guaifenesin, which is not detected when examined by DICE-MS, could both be detected in one experiment when the two techniques were combined. The combined technique was able to generate the molecular ion, proton and metal adduct from the same compound. When coupled to a tandem mass spectrometer, the combined source enabled the generation of product ion spectra from the molecular ion and the [M + H]⁺ or [M + metal]⁺ ions of the same compound without the need to physically change the source from DICE to DESI. The ability to record CID spectra of both the molecular ion and adduct ions in a single mass spectrometric experiment adds a new dimension to the array of mass spectrometric methods available for structural studies.     

基质辅助激光解析电离质谱和电喷雾质谱共同快速确证达托霉素结构

运用基质辅助激光解析电离-飞行时间串联质谱(MALDI-TOF/TOF MS)和电喷雾-四级杆-飞行时间质谱(ESI-Q-TOF MS)快速确证环脂肽达托霉素的结构。首先,ESI检测达托霉素相对分子量为1619.7107,与理论值偏差0.0007。选择其双电荷峰m/z 809.848作为母离子进行ESI串联质谱(MS/MS)测定,成功匹配了达托霉素环外氨基酸序列C9H19CO-Trp-Asn-Asp。其次,优化Li OH裂解达托霉素的实验条件,以MALDITOF/TOF MS监测开环效果,获得95%以上的开环样本后,分别运用MALDI和ESI进行MS/MS测定,达托霉素开环产物的b+和y+全部被匹配,达托霉素全部氨基酸序列得到确证。最后,对开环产物的ESI-MS/MS条件进一步优化,获得了丰富的低端碎片离子,解析了脂肪酸链结构,并绘制了脂肪酸链的裂解图。本方法快速、简便、准确,是确证环脂肽类化合物结构的可靠方法。     

Characterization of Rhodamine Self-Assembled Films Using Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Growth process information and molecular structure identification are very important for characterization of self-assembled films. Here, we explore the possible application of desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) that provides the assembled information of rhodamine B (Rh B) and rhodamine 123 (Rh 123) films. With the help of lab-made DESI source, two characteristic ions [Rh B]⁺ and [Rh 123]⁺ are observed directly in the open environment. To evaluate the reliability of this technique, a comparative study of ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy and our method is carried out, and the result shows good correlation. According to the signal intensity of characteristic ions, the layer-by-layer adsorption process of dyes can be monitored, and the thicknesses of multilayer films can also be comparatively determined. Combining the high sensitivity, selectivity, and speed of mass spectrometry, the selective adsorption of similar structure molecules under different pH is recognized easily from extracted ion chronograms. The variation trend of dyes signalling intensity with concentration of polyelectrolyte is studied as well, which reflects the effect of surface charge on dyes deposition. Additionally, the desorption area, surface morphology, and thicknesses of multilayer films are investigated using fluorescence microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM), respectively. Because the desorption area was approximately as small as 2 mm², the distribution situation of organic dyes in an arbitrary position could be gained rapidly, which means DESI-MS has advantages on in situ analysis.

Towards High-Resolution Tissue Imaging Using Nanospray Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Coupled to Shear Force Microscopy

Constant mode ambient mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) of tissue sections with high lateral resolution of better than 10 μm was performed by combining shear force microscopy with nanospray desorption electrospray ionization (nano-DESI). Shear force microscopy enabled precise control of the distance between the sample and nano-DESI probe during MSI experiments and provided information on sample topography. Proof-of-concept experiments were performed using lung and brain tissue sections representing spongy and dense tissues, respectively. Topography images obtained using shear force microscopy were comparable to the results obtained using contact profilometry over the same region of the tissue section. Variations in tissue height were found to be dependent on the tissue type and were in the range of 0–5 μm for lung tissue and 0–3 μm for brain tissue sections. Ion images of phospholipids obtained in this study are in good agreement with literature data. Normalization of nano-DESI MSI images to the signal of the internal standard added to the extraction solvent allowed us to construct high-resolution ion images free of matrix effects.

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Laser Desorption Ionization Versus Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry: Applications in the Analysis of Cluster Anions

Mass spectra of transition metal carbonyl cluster anions were recorded using laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (LDI-TOF) and electrospray ionization (ESI) techniques. The LDI spectra generally contain peaks corresponding the intact cluster together with extensive CO loss fragments ions whereas the ESI spectra exhibit peaks corresponding the intact cluster together with few (if any) CO loss fragment ions. The parameters of both techniques can be modified to vary the extent of fragmentation. In all cases no fragmentation of the metal core is observed. Overall, ESI is a more informative method for the analysis of these types of cluster anions.     

Rapid Profiling of Alkaloids in Several Medicinal Herbs by Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry

A simple method was developed for rapid and direct profiling of alkaloids in medical herbs via matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF MS). The dry herbs were first ground to powder and passed through a stainless steel sieve, mixed with the matrix solution to form a homogeneous suspension, which was then directly applied to MALDI analysis. Several matrices were investigated and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid(DHB) was chosen as the optimized one, and the particle wit...     

电喷雾解吸电离质谱法用于临床尿样的直接分析

将电喷雾解吸电离质谱(DESI-MS)用于临床尿样的分析, 优化了电喷雾溶剂流速、电喷雾电压和喷雾锥距离等重要参数. 采用普通滤纸作为样品载体, 在不需要样品预处理的前提下同时快速测定了临床尿样中的钾、钠、尿素、尿酸、丙酮酸和肌苷等多种成分, 并对各种成分的主要离子进行了串联质谱鉴定. DESI-MS在进行多组分同时测定时不需要进行样品预处理, 缩短了测定时间, 单个样品的分析时间不到1 min. 同时, 采用内标法对所测定组分进行了半定量分析.     

电喷雾解吸电离质谱快速测定吴茱萸中生物碱

生物碱是许多中草药的活性有效成分,其含量的多少和种类的差异是导致中草药品质差异的重要因素.本文利用电喷雾解吸电离质谱(DESI-MS)能够在不需要样品预处理的前提下进行复杂基体样品分析的特点,采用酸性甲醇-水混合溶液作为喷雾试剂,在优化了的实验条件下快速获得了吴茱萸的DESI-MS指纹谱图,然后利用串联质谱对其中有重要活性的5种生物碱进行了结构鉴定.实验表明,基于固体表面解吸电离质谱分析的方法不需要萃取-分离手续,单个样品测定时间不超过1.5 min,大幅度提高了分析速度,有望在药品品质的在线监测和工艺过程控制中发挥重要作用.     

电喷雾质谱对洗发水中多种表面活性剂的快速分析

利用电喷雾离子化质谱技术（ESIMS）快速鉴定了洗发水中的常用表面活性剂。在流动注射进样方式下,鉴定出所测试洗发水中含有2种主要表面活性剂：烷基单乙醇酰胺（CMEA）和脂肪醇聚氧乙烯十二烷基醚硫酸钠（SLES·nEO）。进一步通过高效液相色谱与质谱联用（HPLC—MS）利用ESI^＋和ESI^-之间的切换完成对不同类型表面活性剂的定量检测,测定出该洗发水中CMEA的使用量为1．198％（质量分数）,与实际添加量1．2％非常吻合。运用HPLC—MS对SLES·nEO在洗发水中的种类结构进行了鉴定。     

Serum Protein Profiling of Cervical Cancer Patients Using Surface-Enhanced Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

Using surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS) technology, serum protein profiling was screened for the discovery of differentially expressed proteins between cervical cancer patients and control samples. Proteins and peptides in serum were captured by a CM10 proteinchip, and then detected by a proteinchip reader. The resulting profiling of all collected samples was analyzed with proteinchip software. Seven protein peaks were significantly regulated between the cancer group and the control group (p < 0.05). Fifty-three peaks in the m/z range from 2 kDa to 20 kDa were selected for partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). The diagnostic model can distinguish cervical cancer in the blind test set from health controls with an accuracy of 90%. The combination of SELDI-TOF-MS and PLS-DA model can be used to screen significant proteins of differential expression in the serum of cervical cancer and may play a potential role in the diagnostics of cervical cancer.     

Toward Depth-Resolved Analysis of Plant Metabolites by Nanospray Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Nanospray desorption electrospray ionization (nano-DESI) is one of the ambient desorption ionization methods for mass spectrometry (MS), and it utilizes a steady-state liquid junction formed between two microcapillaries to directly extract analytes from sample surfaces with minimal sample damage. In this study, we employed nano-DESI MS to perform a metabolite fingerprinting analysis directly from a Hypericum leaf surface. Moreover, we investigated whether changes in metabolite fingerprints with time can be related to metabolite distribution according to depth. From a raw Hypericum leaf, the mass spectral fingerprints of key metabolites, including flavonoids and prenylated phloroglucinols, were successfully obtained using ethanol as a nano-DESI solvent, and the changes in their intensities were observed with time via full mass scan experiments. In addition, the differential extraction patterns of the obtained mass spectral fingerprints were clearly visualized over time through selected ion monitoring and pseudo-selected reaction monitoring experiments. To examine the correlation between the time-dependent changes in the metabolite fingerprints and depth-wise metabolite distribution, we performed a nano-DESI MS analysis against leaves whose surface layers were removed multiple times by forming polymeric gum Arabic films on their surfaces, followed by detaching. The preliminary results showed that the changes in the metabolite fingerprints according to the number of peelings showed a similar pattern with those obtained from the raw leaves over time.     

三氟乙酸增强的解吸电喷雾电离质谱成像用于脂质空间分布研究

将三氟乙酸添加到解吸电喷雾电离质谱的喷雾溶剂中,提高了对脂质的成像检测能力,使小鼠脑组织切片中能检测到的脂质种类从59种提高到71种.此外,该方法还可以促进脂质的质子化峰的形成并抑制钠和钾加合物的形成,有利于简化谱图解析过程并实现更好的定量分析.利用该方法实现了小鼠脑组织切片上多种脂质的空间相关性研究,为探索脂质间潜在的代谢途径提供了新手段,在神经学、临床等领域具有巨大的应用前景.     

OmniSpect: An Open MATLAB-Based Tool for Visualization and Analysis of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization and Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Images

We present omniSpect, an open source web- and MATLAB-based software tool for both desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) that performs computationally intensive functions on a remote server. These functions include converting data from a variety of file formats into a common format easily manipulated in MATLAB, transforming time-series mass spectra into mass spectrometry images based on a probe spatial raster path, and multivariate analysis. OmniSpect provides an extensible suite of tools to meet the computational requirements needed for visualizing open and proprietary format MSI data.      

Impurity Profiling of Dirithromycin by Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

The aim of this study was to characterize as much as possible the unknown peaks in the chromatogram obtained with a non-volatile LC-UV system, which was published earlier for the separation of dirithromycin and its related substances. For this purpose, each peak eluting from the non-volatile system was collected and transferred to a MS, after performing a desalting process. The desalting procedure uses a XTerra RP C₁₈ column (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 µm) and two mobile phases consisting of a mixture of water / 0.1% (v/v) formic acid and a mixture of acetonitrile / 0.1% (v/v) formic acid, respectively. Mass spectral data were acquired on an LCQ ion trap mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray ionization source (ESI), operating in the positive ion mode. In addition to the thirteen already known compounds, seven new compounds were elucidated. Five impurities showed modifications at the amino group of the desosamine molecule, one an alteration at position C-9 and one a modification at position C-13 of the macrolide ring.     

铼联吡啶配合物的电喷雾质谱研究

利用电喷雾质谱（ESI-MS）对2，2'-联吡啶-4,4'-二羧酸乙酯与过渡金属铼的 系列配合物[（4,4'-(OOEt)_2-bpy)Re(CO)_3RPF_6] [其中bpy = 2,2'-联吡啶，R = 吡啶、4-甲基吡啶、4-羟基吡啶、4-氨基吡啶、10-（4-甲基吡啶基）吩噻嗪（ py-PTZ）进行分析，研究了配合物及其配体在不同源内CID(in-source collision induced dissociation, in-source CID)的相对稳定性。结果表明，随着源内 CID电压的升高，配合物中的配体R容易脱落并形成稳定的联吡啶三羰配位离子[(4, 4'(COOEt)_2-bpy)Re(CO)_3]~+。配体脱落从易到难的顺序为：吡啶 > 4-甲基吡啶 >-甲基吡啶>4-羟基吡啶>4-氨基吡啶>py-PTZ。