α-含氧取代酞菁的聚集性质研究

以3-硝基邻苯二腈为原料分别与苯酚和甲醇反应合成3-苯氧基邻苯二腈和3-甲氧基邻苯二腈, 这些α-取代的邻苯二腈以二甲氨基乙醇为溶剂, 在有无醋酸锌条件下环合, 分别形成α-四苯氧基锌酞菁、α-四苯氧基无金属酞菁、α-四甲氧基锌酞菁、α-四甲氧基无金属酞菁, 对产物结构进行了表征. 光谱分析结果表明, 此类锌酞菁在氯仿等非配位溶剂中能自发形成J型聚集体, 其Q带出现一个红移吸收带, 经UV-Vis光谱、荧光光谱及MALDI-TOF质谱分析表明, 该聚集体的形成机理为基于酞菁分子间的锌-氧自配位相互作用.     

α-和β-四烷氧取代酞菁的合成及性能研究

利用3-烷氧取代邻苯二腈和4-烷氧取代邻苯二腈与相应的金属盐反应制备了两大系列(α-和β-)四烷氧取代酞菁.讨论了温度对中间体烷氧取代邻苯二腈合成的影响,探讨了酞菁的两种环合方法,并对β-烷氧酞菁的环合历程进行了初步的考察.研究了不同取代位置和酞菁的最大吸收波长之间的关系,结果表明, α-取代烷氧取代酞菁导致λmax红移值较大,而相应β位取代情况下红移值较小,说明给电子基团在α位对酞菁骨架的π共轭结构微扰作用比β位大.同时研究了溶解度及热失重与酞菁结构的关系.     

α和β-四(4-甲氧基苯氧基)酞菁锌的合成、表征和电化学性质

以3-硝基邻苯二腈和4-硝基邻苯二腈为原料经过两步反应合成了α和β-四甲氧基苯氧基酞菁锌,通过IR光谱、UV-Vis光谱、MS谱、1H NMR谱和元素分析表征了其结构,其结果与标题化合物的结构一致.这两种酞菁在有机溶剂中有良好的溶解性.通过循环伏安法研究其能带结构和电化学过程,结果表明,甲氧基苯氧基在α-位时(与苯氧基在β-位时相比)酞菁单体的HOMO能级升高,LUMO能级降低,带隙变窄,有利于酞菁分子的电子传输.它们在二氯甲烷中的电化学过程都是单电子准可逆过程,而且氧化还原过程均发生在酞菁环上.最后提出了两种酞菁的电化学反应机理.     

2,9,16,23-四-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)酞菁钴(Ⅱ)的合成、表征及性质

用4-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)邻苯二腈和金属盐在熔融状态下合成了2,9,16,23-四-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)酞菁钴配合物,对产物进行了IR、UV-vis光谱、元素分析、热重分析等测定和表征.     

β-(N,N-二甲胺基乙氧基)酞菁锌在硅胶表面的固载及其光催化活性

通过4-硝基邻苯二腈分别与对羟基苯甲酸和N,N-二甲基乙醇胺反应制备了4-(4-羧基苯氧基)邻苯二腈(CPPN)和4-(N,N-二甲胺基乙氧基)邻苯二腈(ePN),然后利用开环反应将CPPN键合到聚甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯改性的硅胶(PGMA/SiO_2)表面,得到键合有邻苯二腈的硅胶CPPN-PGMA/SiO_2。在"分子碎片" ePN和催化剂1,8-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯(DBU)作用下,通过"同步合成与固载"的方法在PGMA/SiO_2表面固载金属酞菁(β-(N,N-二甲胺基乙氧基)酞菁锌,ePcZn)或无金属酞菁(ePc),从而制备了固载化的酞菁ePcZn-PGMA/SiO_2或ePc-PGMA/SiO_2。通过FT-IR、紫外-可见光谱、TG等对其结构和酞菁键合量进行表征和测定。考察了DBU的用量对"同步合成与固载"酞菁过程的影响。以亚甲基蓝(MB)为目标降解物,研究所制得的固载化酞菁催化剂ePc-PGMA/SiO_2或ePcZn-PGMA/SiO_2的可见光催化活性。结果表明,借助"同步合成与固载"的方法能够成功在PGMA/SiO_2表面固载ePc或ePcZn,得到固载化酞菁光催化剂ePc-PGMA/SiO_2或ePcZn-PGMA/SiO_2,它们均具有较好的可见光催化活性。在可见光照射下,ePcZn-PGMA/SiO_2和ePc-PGMA/SiO_2在较低的质量浓度下凭借吸附-光催化耦合协同作用均能有效降解MB,且随催化剂用量的增大, MB的降解率增大, 0.03g的ePcZnPGMA/SiO_2能使MB的降解率高达92%。催化剂重复使用5次后仍具有较好的光催化稳定性。     

酞菁钴吡啶轴向配合物的合成及表征

从4-硝基邻苯二腈出发，首先合成了酞菁钴的衍生物——对称的四取代烷基苯氧基酞菁钴，并以此为基础，采用溶剂热的方法合成了与吡啶形成的无取代轴向配合物，对相关化合物进行了红外、紫外、质谱的表征．初步尝试了由溶剂热的方法制备金属酞菁轴向配合物．     

四取代酞菁化合物的合成和光谱性质

以3(4)-硝基邻苯二腈为起始原料经过两步反应合成了α(β)-四苯氧基酞菁.通过谱学方法和元素分析表征了其结构,研究了中心离子和取代基位置对酞菁吸收波长、发射波长和荧光强度的影响.结果表明,取代位置对最大吸收波长、最大发射波长和荧光强度的影响较大,而中心离子对荧光强度的影响较大,可降低荧光强度甚至淬灭荧光.     

新型水溶性金属酞菁化合物的合成与表征

以含有咪唑阳离子的邻苯二腈为前驱体,通过环合反应分别合成了四咪唑阳离子取代的锌酞菁和铜酞菁,它们的结构均通过了红外光谱、核磁氢谱、元素分析和紫外-可见吸收光谱的表征.这2种酞菁化合物在水、DMF、DMSO及甲醇中均呈现出良好的溶解性.利用紫外-可见吸收光谱法考察了它们在不同种溶剂中、不同浓度下的聚集行为,并利用循环伏安法和方波伏安法测试了它们的电化学性质.     

联合化疗与光动力治疗于一体的水溶性铜(Ⅱ)、镍(Ⅱ)酞菁的合成及体外抗癌活性

以邻苯二腈法合成了全水溶性铜酞菁(Cu Pc)6与镍酞菁(Ni Pc)7。对该类酞菁进行了光物理化学特性测试及体外细胞生物试验。结果表明:合成的铜酞菁6与镍酞菁7不仅水溶性好,而且对光热都十分稳定,并能有效产生单线态氧。体外细胞测试证实,铜酞菁6与镍酞菁7表现出了对癌细胞的避光下的抑制效应以及光照下的光动力治疗效应,显示了金属配合物化疗效应与光动力治疗的协同抗癌活性。     

α(β)-四苯氧基酞菁锌的合成、表征和电致发光性能

以3(4)-硝基邻苯二腈和苯酚为原料,经过两步反应合成了α(β)-四苯氧基酞菁锌,通过红外光谱、紫外光谱、核磁共振谱、质谱和元素分析表征了其结构,比较研究其光谱性质。 并以旋涂发光层的方法制备了电致发光器件,研究其电致发光性质。 固态酞菁材料的光致发光波长红移到866~930 nm范围内的近红外波段,β-位取代酞菁发光波长红移的程度比α-位取代酞菁大。 2种器件电致发光波长和酞菁固体材料的光致发光波长较接近,分别在880和885 nm处。     

Synthesis of Highly Substituted Hexahelicenes

C₂‐Symmetric hexahelicenes 3a – 3g , which bear four or six alkoxy chains, were prepared in eight‐to‐nine reaction steps in high overall yields. The final step consisted of a twofold oxidative photocyclization of the corresponding 2,7‐bis(2‐phenylethenyl)naphthalenes. Long (and branched) chains provide a good solubility and processability, which is a prerequisite for applications in organic synthesis and materials science.     

Ethylenedioxythiophene as a novel central unit for bent-core liquid crystals

We have discovered that ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) can be used as a central unit for the synthesis of bent-core liquid crystals (BC LCs). Two series of EDOT-based BC LCs are prepared via Sonogashira coupling reaction. The mesophase behaviour of all the compounds was characterised using a combination of polarising optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction measurements. EDOT-based three-ring compounds were found to be nonliquid crystalline, while all the four derivatives of five-ring series, including a branched alkoxy chain derivative, display enantiotropic nematic phase over wide temperature range. The bent angle of these compounds is about 153°, which falls in between typical rod-like and banana liquid crystals. The transition temperature of branched alkoxy chain compound is lower than straight alkoxy chain compounds. The detailed XRD investigations of all the mesogens corroborate the presence of nematic phase.     

The synthesis and mesogenic properties of side chain polymethacrylates with terminal branched groups

The synthesis is described of six polymethacrylates attached through oxytetramethylene and oxyhexamethylene spacers to an azobenzene moiety consisting of branched terminal iso -butoxy, iso -amyloxy and n -amyloxy groups. The monomers show a nematic mesophase while their polymers show an additional higher order smectic C phase. The effects of the terminal branched alkoxy group and the spacers on mesomorphic properties are discussed. The phase characteristics, thermal stabilities and molecular masses of the polymers were investigated by DSC, XRD, TGA and GPC. The polymers were also characterized by UV-vis, IR and NMR spectroscopy.     

4,5-Pyrenocyanine--just another phthalocyanine? A STM and 2D WAXS study

Pyrene-fused tetraazaporphyrins were synthesized from pyrene-4,5-dicarbonitrile precursors using a recently reported procedure as the key step for the asymmetric substitution of pyrene. Metal-free, zinc- and lead-centered pyrenocyanines were obtained and their optical properties as well as their molecular assembly in the solution and bulk phases and at the liquid/solid interface were studied. The characteristic Q-band appears broadened, most likely owing to distortion of the molecule introduced by the steric demand of the angularly extended aromatic residue. The angular annulation does not bathochromically shift the Q-band as far as would have been expected for the linear case. Peripheral substitution with linear and branched alkoxy chains affords solubility of the compounds in organic solvents. The influence of the distinct steric demand of the substituents on aggregation was investigated for metal-centered pyrenocyanines by using temperature-dependent (1)H NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopy. The self-assembly at the liquid/solid interface was studied using scanning tunneling microscopy. The alkoxy substituents facilitate the anchoring of these slightly non-planar molecules on the surface of graphite. Pyrenocyanine molecules form well-ordered 2D arrays in which the molecules are arranged in rows. The angular annulation of the pyrenocyanine residue leads to characteristic adsorption behavior at the liquid/solid interface, in which the molecules adsorb in two different adsorption geometries. The alkoxy side-chains give rise to a discotic columnar superstructure and induce distinct thermotropic behavior. Dependent on the steric demand of the branched chains and the central metal atom, the molecules are rotated with respect to each other to form helical organization.     

4,5‐Pyrenocyanine—Just Another Phthalocyanine? A STM and 2D WAXS Study

Pyrene‐fused tetraazaporphyrins were synthesized from pyrene‐4,5‐dicarbonitrile precursors using a recently reported procedure as the key step for the asymmetric substitution of pyrene. Metal‐free, zinc‐ and lead‐centered pyrenocyanines were obtained and their optical properties as well as their molecular assembly in the solution and bulk phases and at the liquid/solid interface were studied. The characteristic Q‐band appears broadened, most likely owing to distortion of the molecule introduced by the steric demand of the angularly extended aromatic residue. The angular annulation does not bathochromically shift the Q‐band as far as would have been expected for the linear case. Peripheral substitution with linear and branched alkoxy chains affords solubility of the compounds in organic solvents. The influence of the distinct steric demand of the substituents on aggregation was investigated for metal‐centered pyrenocyanines by using temperature‐dependent ¹H NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopy. The self‐assembly at the liquid/solid interface was studied using scanning tunneling microscopy. The alkoxy substituents facilitate the anchoring of these slightly non‐planar molecules on the surface of graphite. Pyrenocyanine molecules form well‐ordered 2D arrays in which the molecules are arranged in rows. The angular annulation of the pyrenocyanine residue leads to characteristic adsorption behavior at the liquid/solid interface, in which the molecules adsorb in two different adsorption geometries. The alkoxy side‐chains give rise to a discotic columnar superstructure and induce distinct thermotropic behavior. Dependent on the steric demand of the branched chains and the central metal atom, the molecules are rotated with respect to each other to form helical organization.     

Highly Efficient Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Subphthalocyanines

A novel, highly efficient, single‐step synthesis of subphthalocyanines using microwave irradiation of phthalonitrile and boron trichloride in 1‐chloronaphthalene was accomplished for the first time. This provides a new preparative method for the synthesis of subphthalocyanines with reduced reaction times and improved yields.     

The synthesis and mesogenic properties of side chain polymethacrylates with terminal branched groups

The synthesis is described of six polymethacrylates attached through oxytetramethylene and oxyhexamethylene spacers to an azobenzene moiety consisting of branched terminal iso-butoxy, iso-amyloxy and n-amyloxy groups. The monomers show a nematic mesophase while their polymers show an additional higher order smectic C phase. The effects of the terminal branched alkoxy group and the spacers on mesomorphic properties are discussed. The phase characteristics, thermal stabilities and molecular masses of the polymers were investigated by DSC, XRD, TGA and GPC. The polymers were also characterized by UV-vis, IR and NMR spectroscopy.     

Synthesis of 3-nitrophthalonitrile and tetra-α-substituted phthalocyanines

An efficient synthesis of phthalocyanines prepared from ortho-substituted phthalonitriles is described. The precursor to these phthalocyanines, 3-nitrophthalonitrile, is a key reagent for syntheses of phthalonitriles substituted at the 3-position by means of nucleophilic aromatic substitutions. An example of this type of phthalocyanine, prepared from 3-(4-cumylphenoxy)phthalonitrile, is compared with the phthalocyanine derived from 4-(4-cumylphenoxy)phthalonitrile. Substitution of the phthalocyanine at this more sterically crowded site causes a 20 nm bathochromic shift of the Q-band (π-π* transition).     

Synthesis of new phthalocyanines substituted with four benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylthio groups

The synthesis of a new phthalonitrile derivative (4-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylthio)phthalonitrile), its metal-free phthalocyanine, and metallo-phthalocyanines are described. Phthalocyanines are formed in high yield with template synthesis. These compounds showed considerable solubility in CHCl₃, DMF and DMSO, a primary condition for potential applications. The newly synthesized compounds have been characterized by elemental analyses, UV-Visible spectra, IR and ¹H-NMR.     

Influence of branched chains on the mesomorphic properties of symmetrical and unsymmetrical triphenylene discotic liquid crystals

A series of novel symmetrical and unsymmetrical triphenylene‐based discotic liquid crystalline materials with one or six branched peripheral alkoxy chains have been prepared. These materials have been compared with analogous known symmetrical and unsymmetrical compounds to reveal a balance between steric and space‐filling effects of the peripheral branched chains, which significantly affects intermolecular forces of attraction and packing, and hence affects melting and isotropisation temperatures of the liquid crystalline materials. The desired result of reduction of melting points and enhancement of isotropisation temperatures has been accomplished by use of branched alkoxy chains in both symmetrical and unsymmetrical materials.