CO_2(CO)_8-Ru_3(CO)_(12)体系对乙烯氢甲酰化反应的双金属协同效应

本文介绍了Ru_3(CO)_(12)-Co_2(CO)_8混合体系对乙烯氢甲酰化反应的双金属协同效应。实验系用一定量的Co_2(CO)_8和Ru_3(CO)_(12)混合在一起为催化剂体系,以乙烯、合成气(H_2/CO=1)为原料,在110℃,7.6MPa压力下研究了对乙烯氢甲酰化反应的活性,并和相应的Co_2(CO)_8和Ru_3(CO)_(12)的单组分体系作了对比。结果表明Co-Ru双组分体系的活性远高于相应的单组分体系的活性。红外光谱考察表明,Co_2(CO)_8-Ru_3(CO)_(12)在用于烯烃氢甲酰化反应后,Co_2(CO)_8Ru_3(CO)_(12)之间没有因相互作用而产生新化合物。过去对氢甲酰化反应的催化循环,是基于在单一的络合物金属中心上讨论的。基于本文结果,可以设定在双金属体系存在下,烯烃氢甲酰化反应的催化循环有可能在双金属中心上实现。     

担载金属簇——Ⅰ.硅胶化学键联羰基钴簇YCCo_3(CO)_9催化剂

羰基钴簇络合物YCCo_3(CO)_9,是一种具有良好醛化活性的均相催化剂。本文报导将它化学键联到硅胶表面上而固相化,及其醛化反应评价结果。首先由C_2H_3Si(EtO)_3合成CCl_3C_2H_4Si(EtO)_3,然后将此化合物与硅胶表面键联。生成三氯化物,再与八羰基二钴反应而制得负载型催化剂,其钴含量为6～7％。测定了此负载型催化剂的红外光谱,评价其对庚烯-1的醛化反应活性。发现在140℃,40公斤/厘米~2压力的较佳反应条件下,6小时内,庚烯-1转化率为83％,而醇醛选择性92％。此外还进行了多次循环使用试验,但其钴流失似仍过大。     

Fe(CO)_3(PR_3)_2和Fe(CO)_2(PR_3)_3的结构与性质的理论研究

采用B3LYP和BP86方法,对铁羰基衍生物Fe(CO)_3(PR_3)_2和Fe(CO)_2(PR_3)_3(R=Cy,OPh和Ph)的几何和电子结构、成键特点以及热力学稳定性等进行了理论研究.计算结果表明,Fe(CO)_3(PR_3)_2的基态结构都为三角双锥的轴向双取代;对于Fe(CO)_2(PR_3)_3来说,三角双锥的腰部三取代(D_(3h))和腰部+轴向双取代(C_(2v))结构能量差别非常小.自然键轨道(NBO)分析显示,膦配体向羰基铁基团存在电荷转移,使得Fe—CO之间的共价作用有效增强.含膦配体铁羰基化合物Fe(CO)_3(PR_3)_2的第一膦配体解离能比第一羰基解离能低,预示Fe(CO)_3(PR_3)_2的反应活性比Fe(CO)_5有明显提高.     

制备trans-Fe(CO)_3(PR_3)_2的新的取代过程

报道了用H_2Fe(CO)_4制备trans-Fe(CO)_3(PR_3)_2的新的羰基取代反应。在 过量质子存在下，H_2Fe(CO)_4中的羰基被活化，中心铁原子对膦的亲核进攻更为 敏感。在这种条件下H_2Fe(CO)_4与膦反应时，首先失去氢生成Fe(CO)_4(PR_3), Fe(CO)_4-(PR_3)再与第二个膦反应可高产率的得到trans-Fe(CO)_3(PR_3)_2。用 PPh_3与Fe(CO)_4(PPh_3)在过量质子存在下反应生成trans-Fe(CO)_3(PR_3)_2，证 实了上述过程。     

三钌乙烯酮原子簇化合物[PPN]_2[Ru_3(CO)_9(CCO)]在SiO_2上的负载及其催化性能的研究

[PPN]_2[Ru_3(CO)_9(CCO)]负载于SiO_2表面后,其红外谱图显示2068,2036,2000,1974和1925cm~(-1)谱带,表明[Ru_3(CO)_9(CCO)]~(2-)同Si—OH基因反应,形成了[HRu_3(CO)_9-(CCO)]~-/SiO~2。在600～720cm~(-1)区间,出现694cm~(-1)谱带,归属于[HRu_3(CO)_9(CCO)~-/SiO_2的VRu_H_Ru(out-of-plane)。通过(13)~CO和CO同位素交换反应,提出1974和1940cm~(-1)谱带分别归属于CCO和C~(13)CO基团的VCO和V13CO。在乙烯甲酰化和CO加氢反应中,由[PPN]_2-[Ru_3(CO)_9(CCO)]制备的催化剂对形成烃和含氧化合物的反应活性远远大于由[PPN]-[HRu_3(CO)_(11)]制备的催化剂,表明CCO是形成产物的活性中间体。     

[Al_3Nd_6(μ_2-Cl)_6(μ_3-Cl)_6(μ_2-Et)_9Et_5OPr~i]_2的单晶结构

从均相Ziegler-Natta催化剂分离出有催化聚合活性的[Al_3Nd_6(μ_2-Cl)_6(μ_3-Cl)_6(μ_2-Et)_9Et_5OPr~i)_2单晶,并用X光衍射法测得其晶体结构.结果表明,该单晶是由多核Nd-Al双金属配合物的二聚体组成,属三斜晶系;晶体的空间群为PI.晶胞参数α=15.196(6),b=15.263(5),c=13.749(4)A;α=90.01(2),β=95.12(3),γ=82.65(3)°;V=3149.5A~3;Z=1.Nd原子的配位数是7,构型为单帽三棱柱.Nd原子由三重和二重氯桥连成分子骨架.本文对双金属配合物的催化活性中心也进行了讨论.     

三核钼簇合物的配基置换反应及{[Mo_3(μ_3—S)(μ—S)_3(dtp)_3(C_3H_4N_2)_3]~+(dtp)~-}·(CH_3)_2CO(Ⅰ)的合成和晶体结构

具有松散配位的三核钼簇合物[Mo_3(μ_3—S)(μ—S)_3(μ—dtp)(dtp)_3·(H_2O)](A)(dtp=S_2P(OC_2H_5)_2)和过量的咪唑反应时,(H_2O)配体和双啮桥基配体(dtp)可以同时被置换而形成标题化合物(Ⅰ)。晶体结构属三斜晶系,空间群P1。结构组成包括簇阳离子[Mo_3(μ_3—S)(μ—S)_3(dtp)_3·(C_3H_4N_2)_3],(dtp)阴离子及丙酮溶剂。簇阳离子具有近似C_3对称性,三个Mo原子基本上形成等边三角形,其Mo—Mo键长分别为2.763(1),2.762(1),和2.756(1),此簇合物是配体取代反应系列研究的产物之一,是由已知原子簇反应获得新型簇合物的一个例证。     

Rh_4(CO)_(12)和[Rh(CO)_2Cl]_2催化1—己烯氢甲酰化反应研究

研究了Rh_4(CO)_(12)和[Rh(CO)_2Cl]_2两种铑原子簇合物在1—已烯氢甲酰化反应中的催化性能和反应前后催化剂溶液的红外光谱变化。结果表明,按加入的Rh_4(CO)_(12)和[Rh(CO)_2Cl]_2的分子数计算,前者的催化活性比后者高出一倍多;若按铑原子数计算,则二者活性较接近。红外光谱测定说明,Rh_4(CO)_(12)的簇结构反应前后无显著变化。然而,[Rh(CO)_2Cl]_2参与反应后却变成了以Rh_4(CO)_(12)为主的簇合物。反应过程中两种催化剂母体可能解离成类似的单核铑催化活性物种,反应之后,在常温常压下又聚合为簇合物。     

丝氨酸-BrO_3~--Mn~(2+)-Fe(phen)_3~(2+)-H_2SO_4体系化学振荡反应及催化机理的研究

本文首次报导了丝氨酸-BrO_3~--Mn~(2+)-Fe(phen)_3~(2+)-H_2SO_4体系的化学振荡反应,测定了振荡反应的浓度范围及最佳反应条件;分析了反应产物;研究了反应物浓度、反应温度、Cl~-、自由基抑制剂、CCl_4、丙酮等对振荡反应的影响;讨论了Br~-及Br_2在振荡反应中的作用,并对振荡反应机理作了研究。在此基础上,进一步研究了Br_2在振荡反应中的动力学行为,研究了三种BZ反应中常用作催化剂的金属离子(Ce~(3+)、Mn~(2+)及Fe(phen)_3~(2+))单独存在时的振荡现象。实验发现,当Mn~(2+)存在时,体系可发生三次振荡,而Ce~(3+)或Fe(phen)_3~(2+)存在时,均不能发生振荡。在Mn~(2+)存在时,加入Fe(phen)_3~(2+)可使振荡次数大为增加,此时Fe(phen)_3~(2+)为振荡反应的催化剂。文中对金属离子的催化机理作了系统的研究。     

Fe_3(CO)_9(μ_3-S)_2的P(SR)_3取代物的结构化学研究——Ⅰ.Fe_3(CO)_8[P(SC_6H_5)_3](μ_3-S)_2的合成和晶体结构

用P(SR)_3作π-酸配体,与Fe_3(CO)_9(μ_3-S)_2进行取代反应,得到新的取代物Fe_3(CO)_8-[P(SC_6H_5)_3](μ_3-S)_2,对它进行了IR、~1HNMR、MS表征,并测定了它的分子和晶体结构,对取代基P(SPh)_3取代Fe_3(CO)_9(μ_3-S)_2中羰基的位置作了讨论.     

异戊二烯在Nd(naph)_3-Al(i-Bu)_3-Al_2(C_2H_5)_3Cl_3催化体系作用下聚合动力学

本文研究了异戊二烯在稀土催化剂作用下聚合动力学的一般规律。通过稳态处理及分段聚合证明,体系的活性中心数目基本稳定。聚合转化率低于50％时,聚合速率与单体浓度呈一级关系,同催化剂浓度为1.7级关系。聚合表观活化能为9.0千卡/克分子。聚合物的特性粘数随转化率增加而增大的事实,说明本体系具有某些“活性”聚合的特性。     

杯[4]芳烃钛-Al(iBu)_3催化乙烯聚合

众所周知 ,茂金属催化剂用于烯烃聚合 ,不仅具有高的催化活性 ,而且能制得高规整度聚合物 ,在理论研究和工业应用中都有十分重要的意义 ,国际上已形成对茂金属催化剂的研究热潮 .人们在致力于研究茂金属催化剂的同时 ,并没有停止对非茂金属均相催化剂的研究 ,其中酚氧基钛、锆配合物的优良催化性能尤为引人注目 ,这类新型均相催化剂能高效地催化烯烃均聚[1 ] ,苯乙烯间规聚合[2 ] ,乙烯 苯乙烯共聚等[3] .杯芳烃是由若干个对叔丁基苯酚通过亚甲基经 2 ,6位连接而成的一类环状大分子 ,其结构与酚氧类配体相似 .李勇等曾发现杯芳烃钛化合物与…     

桥联茂金属催化剂用于双功能催化体系制备LLDPE的研究

以四种取代基不同的桥联茂金属作为乙烯共聚催化剂 ,以Ti(OR) 4为二聚催化剂组成双功能原位聚合催化剂体系 ,在同一反应釜中 ,乙烯为唯一聚合单体 ,以阳离子助剂B(C6 F5 ) 3为唯一助催化剂 ,原位制备LLDPE .该聚合体系催化剂活性高、单体插入率高、得到的聚合物为熔点低、分子量可调的超低密聚乙烯     

在稀土体系催化下的丁二烯聚合动力学

本文应用键谷勤聚合动力学公式进行动力学研究。求出了活性中心数目,有关的动力学常数和聚合速度方程(R_p=k_p[C~*][M])并着重研究了聚合物活性链性质。 在链引发阶段,发现20℃和50℃聚合,属于迅速引发类型,在0℃时则是缓慢引发类型。聚合过程中,存在明显的链转移反应。Al(i-C_4H_9)_3是主要的链转移剂。在50℃聚合时,有活性中心失活现象发生,并表明其为双基终止。     

Kinetic studies on the deamination of [Co(en)3](NCS)3

The loss of ethylenediamine from [Co(en)₃](NCS)₃ has been studied using isothermal weight loss methods. The reaction has been found to be catalyzed by NH₄SCN and piperidine hydrothiocyanate, and the reaction appears first order in catalyst. However, the reaction proceeds so slowly without a catalyst present that a reliable activation energy could not be obtained. For the catalyzed process, the activation energy appears to decrease slightly as the amount of catalyst used is increased, although the results are inconclusive when NH₄SCN is the catalyst. When piperidine hydrothiocyanate is the catalyst, the activation energy appears to decrease from 37.7 kcal mole^?1 to 29.4 kcal mole^?1 as the amount of catalyst increases from 0.5 to 8.0 mole percent. In all cases, the product turned dark after a few hours indicating some reduction as a complicating feature.     

Synthesis, structure and reactivity of [(CF3)3GePt(PPh3)2]2Hg

The reaction of Pt(PPh₃)_n (n = 3 or 4) with [(CF₃)₃Ge]₂Hg or (CF₃)₃GeHgPt(PPh₃)₂Ge(CF₃)₃ (I) gives a stable diplatinum complex [(CF₃)₃GePt(PPh₃)₂]₂Hg (II). X-Ray analysis has established that compound II contains a Ge---Pt---Hg---Pt---Ge chain of C₂ symmetry. Both of the Pt atoms have distorted square-planar coordinations. The bond lengths are: Pt---Hg, 2.630(2) and 2.665(2) Å; Ge---Pt, 2.410(4) and 2.407(4) Å.

Compound II reacts with dihydrogen in THF solution under mild conditions to give mercury and the hydride (CF₃)₃GePt(PPh₃)₂H. On interaction of II with R₂Hg organomercurials (R = Cl, Et, GeEt₃, Ge(CF₃)₃, Ge(C₆F₅)₃) an unknown reaction takes place: Pt(PPh₃)₂ moieties migrate from the polymetallic grouping into the substrate with the formation of the corresponding RHgPt(PPh₃)₂R complexes or their demercuration products, R₂Pt(PPh₃);, (R = Cl, Et). The latter react further with complex I formed in the first step of the process to give Hg and (CF₃)₃GePt(PPh₃)₂R. The reaction schemes are discussed.     

The reactions of Ir(CO)Cl(PPh3)2 with HSnPh3

A reinvestigation of the reaction of Ir(CO)Cl(PPh₃)₂, 1 with HSnPh₃ has revealed that the oxidative-addition product Ir(CO)Cl(PPh₃)₂(H)(SnPh₃), 2 has the H and SnPh₃ ligands in cis-related coordination sites. Compound 2 reacts with a second equivalent of HSnPh₃ by a Cl for H ligand exchange to yield the new compound H₂Ir(CO)(SnPh₃)(PPh₃)₂, 3. Compound 3 contains two cis- related hydride ligands. Under an atmosphere of CO, 1 reacts with HSnPh₃ to replace the Cl ligand with SnPh₃ and one of the PPh₃ ligands with a CO ligand and also adds a second equivalent of CO to yield the 5-coordinate complex Ir(CO)₃(SnPh₃)(PPh₃), 4. Compound 4 reacts with HSnPh₃ by loss of CO and oxidative addition of the Sn-H bond to yield the 6-coordinate complex HIr(CO)₂(SnPh₃)₂(PPh₃), 5 that contains two trans-positioned SnPh₃ ligands.     

Molecular structures of (SiCl3)2CH2 and (SiCl3)2CCl2 as studied by electron diffraction

An electron diffraction analysis of the molecular structures of 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexachloro-1,3-disilapropane and octachloro-1,3-disilapropane has been carried out. Deviations from the staggered conformation are indicated. The data may be approximated by models with C₂ symmetry and a small tilt of the SiCl₃ groups. The main bond lengths (r_g) and bond angles obtained for (SiCl₃)₂ CH₂ are: SiCl, 202.7(4); SiC, 186.6(6); CH, 109.8(24) pm, ClSiCl, 107.9(1); SiCSi, 118.3(7)°; and for (SiCl₃)₂CCl₂: SiCl, 202.0(4); SiC, 190.2(9); CCl, 179.6(9) pm; ClSiCl, 109.5(1); SiCSi, 120.6(9); ClCCl, 110.9(16); SiCCl, 106.3(3)°.     

Heterobimetallic Mo---Sn complexes. Reactions of [Mo(CO)3(CH3CN)2(Cl)(SnRCl2)] (R = Me, Ph) with 4(4-XC6H4)3 (X = Cl, F, H, Me, MeO)

Three families of heterobimetallic compounds were obtained by reaction of [Mo(CO)₃(CH₃CN)₂(Cl)(SnRCl₂)] (R = Ph, Me) with P(4-XC₆H₄)₃ (X = Cl, F, H, Me, MeO). The type of compound obtained dependent on the solvent and concentration of the starting compound. So, [Mo(CO)₂(CH₃COCH₃)₂(PPh₃)(Cl)(SnRCl₂)]·nCH₃COCH₃ (R = Ph, n = 0.5; R = Me, n = 1) (type I) and [Mo(CO)₃{P(4-XC₆H₄)₃}(μ-Cl)(SnRCl₂)]₂ (R = Ph, X = Cl, F, H, Me, MeO; R = Me, X = Cl, F) (type II) were isolated from acetone solution in ca 0.05 M and 0.1 M concentrations, respectively. However, [Mo(CO)₃(CH₃CN) {P(4-XC₆H₄)₃}(Cl)(SnRCl₂)] (R = Ph, X = H; R = Me, X = Cl, F, H) (type III) were obtained from dichloromethane solution independently of the concentration used. All new complexes showed a seven-coordinate environment at molybdenum, containing Mo---Cl and Mo---Sn bonds. Mössbauer spectra indicated a four-coordination at tin for type III complexes.     

Isomorphism and phase diagram of the Pb5(PO4)3Cl-Pb5(VO4)3Cl system

Compounds of composition Pb₅(P _x V_1−x O₄)₃Cl (0 ≤ x ≤ 1), which are synthetic analogues of minerals pyromorphite, vanadinite, and endlichite, were synthesized for the first time by high-temperature solid-phase reactions. X-ray diffraction and IR spectroscopy were used to determine the structure of the compounds and revealed complete miscibility in the solid phase of the Pb₅(PO₄)₃Cl-Pb₅(VO₄)₃Cl binary system. Adiabatic reaction calorimetry was used to determine standard enthalpies of mixing and formation and showed that the regular solutions model is applicable to the Pb₅(PO₄)₃Cl-Pb₅(VO₄)₃Cl system. Differential thermal analysis in tandem with high-temperature X-ray diffraction was used to study the phase diagram and characterize phase transitions.