以三异辛胺为载体的微乳液分离汞(Ⅱ)

以三异辛胺为载体的微乳液分离汞(Ⅱ);微乳液;三异辛胺;分离;汞(Ⅱ)     

用三辛胺萃取法处理高浓度含Cr（Ⅵ）废水

用三辛胺萃取法处理高浓度含Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）废水褚莹，刘沛妍，阎淑荣，吴子生，严忠（东北师范大学化学系长春１３００２４）关键词三辛胺，Ｃｒ（Ⅵ），萃取处理含Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）废水的萃取剂有三烷基胺（Ｎ２３５）、三辛胺（ＴＯＡ）、季胺盐及磷酸三丁脂（ＴＢＰ），稀释剂为...     

氧化镁负载三聚氰胺缩甲醛高分子钯配合物催化剂催化加氢制备葡辛胺的研究

以氧化镁负载三聚氰胺缩甲醛高分子钯配合物为催化剂, 对葡萄糖与正辛胺催化加氢制备葡辛胺进行了研究. 结果表明在以60 mL乙醇为溶剂, 三乙胺为添加剂(1.0 mL), 于60 ℃的反应温度, 1.5 MPa反应氢压, 0.7 g催化剂用量下反应6 h, 37.2 mmol葡萄糖与31 mmol正辛胺催化加氢可得产率为57.6%的葡辛胺. 相对于雷内镍催化剂, 该催化剂制备简单,制备过程无污染、对环境友好,产物纯度高,并具有适当的可重复使用,因此氧化镁负载三聚氰胺缩甲醛高分子钯配合物是葡辛胺制备的良好催化剂.     

助表面活性剂对介孔二氧化硅孔径的影响

在十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)与硝酸形成的胶束体系中,分别加入正戊醇与正辛胺作助表面活性剂,合成出介孔二氧化硅.经小角XRD和N₂气体吸附与脱附实验证实,随着CTAB与正戊醇摩尔比的增加,介孔二氧化硅的孔径增加;而随CTAB与正辛胺摩尔比的增加,介孔二氧化硅的孔径减小.主要原因是正戊醇增大了CTAB胶束体积,从而导致介孔二氧化硅的孔径增加.而在CTAB与正辛胺的混合胶束中,正辛胺同硅酸盐作用力比CTAB强,导致介孔二氧化硅的孔径减小.     

三正辛胺-仲辛醇-煤油组合液膜分离镉锌的研究

本文用萃取和膜迁移实验研究了镉、锌离子在三正辛胺-仲辛醇-煤油组合液膜体系中的迁移和分离的影响因素。实验证实,该组合液膜体系能从含镉、锌的料液中选择性地迁移镉,有效地实现镉、锌分离。理论分析表明,组合液膜的双固体膜可简化为具备两张固体膜厚度的单一固体支撑体的支撑液膜。测定了组合液膜因迁移而流失在料液相和反萃相中的三正辛胺含量,实验显示,组合液膜的两张固体支撑体可阻止三正辛胺的流失,增加膜稳定性,延长膜寿命。     

三辛胺萃取多元酚的研究

采用三辛胺为络合剂，苯或正辛醇为稀释剂研究了邻苯干分配，间苯三酚稀溶液的萃取相平衡，讨论了稀释剂，溶液ｐＨ值和硫酸钠度对分配系数的影响。确定了萃合物的组成，负载有机相的红外谱图分析表明，三辛胺与酚类的萃取同时存在氢键缔合溶剂化和离子缔合成盐历程。     

三辛胺从盐酸介质中萃取金（Ⅲ）

三辛胺(TOA)从盐酸介质中萃取、富集金,已应用于原子吸收光谱法测定金,其高灵敏度及选择性使该方法成为金的十分理想的测定方法。本文考查了TOA从盐酸介质中萃取金(Ⅲ)的机理,试图对金(Ⅲ)的萃取分离及测定提供理论依据。 TOA系Fluka进口分装,使用时按计算量配成所需浓度的CCl_4溶液;HAuCl_4用纯金(99.99%)制备;NaCl为基准试剂;其它试剂均不低于分析纯。水相由HAuCl_4-HCl-NaCl配     

固相萃取/液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水果蔬菜中双胍辛胺的残留量

建立了测定沃柑、菠萝蜜、苹果、葡萄、生菜、黄瓜、西红柿、芦笋等水果蔬菜中双胍辛胺残留量的固相萃取/液相色谱-串联质谱方法。试样用0.2%乙酸水提取,二氯甲烷萃取杂质,提取液经WCX固相萃取柱净化,10%甲酸乙腈洗脱,氮吹至近干后以0.2%甲酸水复溶。采用甲醇和0.2%甲酸水为流动相,经Eclipse Plus C18(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8μm)分离,在电喷雾离子源正离子模式下采用双胍辛胺的双电荷加合母离子m/z 178.8及其子离子m/z 100.0和187.0进行多反应监测（MRM）扫描,基质加标曲线进行定量。结果表明,双胍辛胺在0.005～0.160 mg/kg范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r≥0.995;0.010、0.020、0.050 mg/kg加标水平下的平均回收率为88.5%～109%,相对标准偏差（RSD,n=6）为2.1%～8.8%;方法检出限为0.005 mg/kg,定量下限为0.010 mg/kg。该方法快速、准确、灵敏,适用于水果蔬菜中双胍辛胺残留量的测定。     

同时测定三辛胺和三辛胺盐酸盐的双波长分光光度法

提出了利用双波长分光光度法测定三辛胺（ＴＯＡ）及三辛胺盐酸盐（ＴＯＡ·ＨＣｌ）的一种新方法，即ＴＯＡ和ＴＯＡ·ＨＣｌ在ＣＣｌ４溶液中与Ｉ２生成电荷转移化合物，其最大吸收波长分别为２９３ｎｍ和２６３ｎｍ，两组分同时存在时可利用吸光度的加和性得联立方程，分别求出两组分的含量。ＴＯＡ含量在０～３５ｍｇ／Ｌ，ＴＯＡ·ＨＣｌ含量在０～３１ｍｇ／Ｌ范围内符合比耳定律。该法简便快速，方法的回收率为９５．５％～１０４．６％，能够满足分析的需要     

三辛胺萃取盐酸、硝酸和高氯酸的动力学研究

胺类萃取酸是萃取化学研究中常见问题之一.关于三辛胺萃取酸的平衡,文献[1]已有记载,但它萃取酸的动力学研究却报道甚少,本文用恒界面池法研究了它对盐酸、硝酸和高氯酸的萃取动力学. 实验所用三辛胺(TOA)系进口分装,纯度≥99%;正辛烷(稀释剂),化学纯;盐酸、硝酸及高氯酸均为优级纯.水相酸的浓度用HM-20E型pH计(日本TOA)监测;动力学实验装置及仪器同前文.实验时先向恒界面池中加入100ml的含酸水相,然后加入一定体积的正辛烷,再小心加入一定体积的TOA浓溶液,使有机相总体积达100ml,同时记录pH     

Extraction of catechol violet, chrome azurol S and eriochrome cyanine R with chloroform solutions of liquid anion-exchangers

The extraction of Catechol Violet, Chrome Azurol S and Eriochrome Cyanine R with chloroform solutions of tri-n-octylamine (TOA), TOA hydrochloride and Aliquat 336 has been investigated. From the extraction isotherms, absorption spectra of the organic phases and dependence of the extraction coefficients on extractant concentration, it was found that the singly-charged anions HL(-) are extracted preferentially, but acidic groups other than sulphonate can also form ion-pairs with alkylammonium cations at higher pH values of the aqueous phase, and at high acidity these dyes can be extracted other than by an anion-exchange reaction. The three dyes (especially Eriochrome Cyanine R and Chrome Azurol S) were strongly extracted with the liquid anion-exchanger used and Aliquat 336 was a better extractant than TOA or TOA hydrochloride. The absorption spectra for the organic phases containing Chrome Azurol S and Eriochrome Cyanine R depended on the extractant used.     

Investigation on the Extraction Mechanism of Au（I） from Cyanide Solution with Quaternary Ammonium System

During the past decades, there has been a renewed interest in the application of solvent extraction to the recovery of Au (I) from cyanide solutions1,2. Among those various extractants, the amine extractants with the addition of organic phosphorus oxide as cosolvent have been widely investigated3,4. Various diluents and modifiers have been selected to optimize the extraction system so as to increase the loading capacity, improve the selectivity and/or reduce emulsification5. Quaternary amm…     

离子排斥色谱法测定环境样品中挥发性有机酸及乳酸

提出了同时测定环境样品中挥发性有机酸及乳酸的离子排斥色谱法（IEC法）。考察了流动相浓度、流速对有机酸分离的影响。实验结果表明,乳酸、甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、正丁酸和正戊酸可达到完全分离,被测组分的浓度与其峰高在一定的范围呈良好的线性关系,检出限均低于0.10 mg/L。测定了糖蜜酒精废水和消化污泥中有机酸的含量,结果满足检...     

Preconcentration of arsenic(V) as molybdoarsenic heteropoly acid by dynamic sorption

The sorption of molybdoarsenic heteropoly acid (MAA) and its ion pair with tri-n-octylamine (TOA) on sorbents of different nature and hydrophobic filters has been studied. It is demonstrated that MAA is efficiently extracted on the polyacrylate sorbent Amberlyte XAD-8; the distribution coefficient of arsenic is 1 x 10⁴ cm³/g for the sorption from 0.35-1.5 M H₂SO₄. Conditions of the quantitative extraction of MAA in the presence of TOA on thin-layer cellulose triacetate filters are found. A procedure is proposed for the sorption-X-ray fluorescence determination of arsenic in potable water. The detection limit of arsenic is 10 Μg/L for the sorption from 100 mL of a solution.     

Chromatographic behavior of ion pair enantiomers of dansyl leucine cyclohexylammonium salt on a beta-cyclodextrin stationary phase and the effect of a competitive-binding mobile phase additive

The separation of dansyl leucine enantiomers on a beta-cyclodextrin stationary phase is significantly complicated by the association of the amino acid with its cyclohexylammonium counter ion, in a mobile phase of 80:20 (v/v) methanol-water. This produces very unusual chromatography, with two partially superimposed peaks observed for each enantiomer at lower column temperatures. The peak shape is attributed to the irreversible, oncolumn conversion of the ion pair (I) to the free, protonated (neutral) dansyl amino acid (II+H). Increasing the ionic strength of the mobile phase greatly improves the chromatography by transforming the solute species to enantiomers of II (the anionic, free amino acid). Van't Hoff plots are constructed for both species I and II (under different mobile phase conditions) to provide thermodynamic insight into the major enantioselective driving forces of separation. The chiral discrimination of the stationary phase is found to be primarily enthalpically driven for both solutes. Finally, 1-adamantanecarboxylic acid (ACA) is investigated as a solute-competitive mobile phase additive to intentionally block the hydrophobic cyclodextrin cavities on the stationary phase. By varying the concentration of ACA additive in the mobile phase, control over the retention and chiral recognition of the stationary phase is demonstrated.     

Spectral Properties of Extracted Complexes of MetalPicrates with Crown Ethers

The investigation on UV-visible spectra of species formed by extracting some metal picrates with benzo-15-crown-5(B15C5) and dibenzo-18-crown-6(DB18C6) verified that there are some interactions of picrate anion with K , Na and rare earth ions in loaded organic phase. By the study of the charge transfer band and absorption spectra of picrate anion, it can be determined whether an ion pair has been formed and either a 1 : 1 contact ion pair or a 1 : 2 crown-separated ion pair involved in organic phase can be distinguished for an ion-pair extraction.     

Study on the synergistic extraction of cobalt(II) with lower fatty acids in the presence of heterocyclic amines and some metal ion separations

The synergistic extraction of cobalt(II) with a chloroform solution of propionic, butyric or valeric acid in the presence of beta-picoline, pyridine or quinoline has been investigated. The effect of different variables, such as pH of the aqueous phase, and concentration of metal ion, acid and amine, is reported. On the basis of slope analysis the species extracted were generally found to be CoA(2).2HA.2B where HA is the acid and B the base, but CoA(2).HA.2B.H(2)O for the butyric acid-quinoline system. The extraction constants were used to assess the relative effectiveness of the amines as synergists. From the extraction data, methods for separation of Co(II) from Mn(II), Cr(III), Fe(III), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II), with fairly high separation factors, have been worked out.     

Effect of binary extractants and modifier–diluents systems on equilbria of propionic acid extraction

Propionic acid is an important carboxylic acid widely used in chemical industries. The recovery from aqueous waste streams and fermentation broth is of research interest. Extraction of carboxylic acids by reactive extraction using extractant-diluent, mixed extractants in diluents and extractants in mixed diluents etc. are emerging areas of study. With this aim reactive extraction of propionic acid was carried out to study: (i) effect of binary extractants (tri-n-octylamine(TOA):tri-n-butylphosphate (TBP), TOA:Aliquat 336 and TBP:Aliquat 336), (ii) effect of modifier (1-decanol) in different diluents (kerosene, n-octane, n-heptane, petroleum ether, butyl acetate, MIBK, 2-octanol, dodecanol, hexane) and (iii) effect of phase volume. Improved extractions using binary extractants and binary diluents were observed. Since liquid–liquid extraction is dependent on effect of modifier concentration, effect of phase volume, presence of single or binary extractants and binary diluents, the study will be useful in the design of reactive extraction process for propionic acid recovery.     

Solvent extraction of thorium(IV) with dibutyldithiophosphoric acid in various organic solvents

The extraction of thorium(IV) from perchlorate solutions with di-n-butyldithiophosphoric acid (HBudtp) in various organic solvents occurs through an ion exchange mechanism. The extracted species in the organic phase is an eight-coordinate complex Th(Budtp)₄. The higher values of the distribution ratio obtained in HBudtp-benzene-water system than in HBudtp-n-butanol-water system are explained by higher solubility of the complex species in nonpolar solvents. The position of the extraction curves in the pH-range lower than 0.7 reduces the complexation of thorium(IV) with Budtp^– in the aqueous phase and also the hydrolysis process.     

Some Aspects of Extractability and Transport of Amino Acid Esters by Calixarenes

The extraction abilities and the transport through chloroformliquid membrane of p-tertbutylcalix[n]arenes (n = 6, 8)upon some amino acid methylesters have been investigated.The experimental results suggested that amino acidmethylesters are extracted into organic phase andtransported by p-tert-butylcalix[n]arenes (n = 6, 8)in the presence of tropaeolin 00([4-(4'-anilinophenylazo)benzenesulphonic acid]) ascounterion. The extractability and the transport havebeen proved to be essentially controlled by the structureof calixarene, the nature of amino acid and the natureof anion used as ion pair for cation-receptor complexes.Also, the results suggested that there is no relationshipbetween the extraction efficiency and the hydrophobicityof amino acid esters. The results suggest furtherpossibilities for optimal separation of amino acidsderivatives and other biological species.