Er3+和Yb3+共掺碲酸盐玻璃的光谱性质

研究了Er3+ 和Yb3+ 共掺碲酸盐玻璃的吸收和荧光光谱性质 ,分析了碲酸盐玻璃中Er3 + 的上转换发光机制 ,应用Judd Ofelt理论计算了玻璃的强度参量Ωt(t =2 ,4,6 ) ,分别为Ω2 =4.74× 10 - 2 0 cm2 ,Ω4=1.46× 10 - 2 0 cm2 ,Ω6 =0 .6 4× 10 - 2 0 cm2 ,计算了Er3+ 离子的自发跃迁几率、荧光分支比 ,应用McCumber理论计算了受激发射截面 ,并比较了Er3 + 在不同基质玻璃中的光谱特性。     

Er~(3+)/Yb~(3+)共掺杂磷酸盐微晶玻璃的光谱性质

采用高温熔融法生长了Er3+/Yb3+共掺杂的磷酸盐微晶玻璃,测量了微晶玻璃室温下的吸收光谱。由此吸收谱,根据Judd-O felt理论,计算了Er3+/Yb3+共掺杂磷酸盐微晶玻璃的强度参数、自发辐射几率、荧光分支比等光谱参数,得到了吸收截面曲线,并根据M cCumber理论得到1 540 nm附近的积分发射截面。样品的强度参数为Ω2=6.33×10-20cm2,Ω4=1.41×10-20cm2,Ω6=1.09×10-20cm2。1 540 nm对应的积分发射截面峰值为1.8×10-20cm2。另外,还测量了Er3+/Yb3+共掺杂磷酸盐微晶玻璃在980 nm激发下的上转换光谱,讨论了Er3+/Yb3+共掺杂磷酸盐微晶玻璃的上转换发光和能量传递过程。     

Er3+/Yb3+共掺的氟磷酸盐玻璃的光谱性质和热稳定性

研究了Er3+/Yb3+共掺的氟磷酸盐玻璃的光谱性质和热稳定性。应用Judd-Ofelt理论计算了玻璃的三个强度参量Ωｔ (ｔ=2,4,6)，计算了Er3+离子的辐射跃迁几率，荧光支效率和自发辐射几率等光谱参量。 经荧光谱测试发现掺Er3+/Yb3+共掺的氟磷酸盐玻璃的荧光半高宽可达63nm ，应用McCumber理论计算了1.53μｍ处的受激发射截面，可达6.85×10-21 cm2。     

掺铒铋酸盐玻璃的光谱性质研究

研究了掺铒铋酸盐玻璃的吸收和荧光光谱性质,应用Judd-Ofelt理论计算了玻璃的三个强度参量Ω_t=(t=2,4,6),分别为Ω₂=3.71×10^-20cm²,Ω₄=1.86×10^-20cm²,Ω₆=1.28×10^-20cm²,计算了Er³⁺离子的自发跃迁几率、荧光分支比等光谱参量.经荧光谱测试发现掺Er³⁺铋酸盐玻璃的荧光半高宽可达70nm.应用McCumber理论计算1.53μm处的受激发射截面可达9×10^-21cm².对Er³⁺离子在不同基质玻璃中光谱特性的比较发现,Er³⁺在铋酸盐玻璃中具有相对较高的受激发射截面和宽的荧光半高宽.     

掺Yb3+氧化镧钇透明激光陶瓷的光谱特性

采用传统陶瓷烧结工艺,在无压还原气氛下低温制备出透明性良好的掺Yb3+氧化镧钇透明激光陶瓷,测试了其在室温下的吸收光谱、发射光谱和荧光寿命.结果表明,掺Yb3+氧化镧钇透明激光陶瓷的吸收系数随着Yb3+掺杂浓度的增加而增大,最强吸收峰974nm处的吸收截面为0.90～1.12×10－20 cm2;主发射峰1 032 nm和1 075 nm处的发射截面分别为1.05×10－20 cm2和0.87×10－20 cm2; Yb3+掺杂浓度为5at.%时荧光寿命为1.38 ms,并随Yb3+掺杂浓度的增加而减小;当Yb3+掺杂浓度超过10at.%时,样品中存在严重的浓度猝灭.产生浓度猝灭的原因是高掺杂时离子间存在合作上转换和能量转移.     

Er3+及Er3+/Yb3+共掺铋酸盐玻璃光谱性质研究

制备了Ed3+及Ed3+/Yb3+共掺铋酸盐玻璃,测试了样品的吸收光谱、荧光光谱.应用Judd-Oflet理论计算了Er3+在铋酸盐玻璃中的光谱强度参数,分别为Ω2=(5.47-2.92)×10-20cm2,Ω4=(2.16-1.22)×10-20cm2,Ω6=(1.29-0.80)×10-20cm2.比较了Er3+及Er3+/Yb3+共掺铋酸盐玻璃在980 nm附近的吸收截面和1.5μm的荧光发射光谱强度,Er3+/Yba+共掺铋酸盐玻璃的荧光光谱半高宽达到91 nm,比Er3+单掺铋酸盐玻璃大15 nm.用McCumber理论计算了Ed3+在1.5 μm的受激发射截面σe=1.00×10-20cm2.比较了Ed3+在不同基质中的光谱特性,结果表明铋酸盐玻璃更适合作为掺铒光纤放大器的基质材料.     

Er3+单掺及Yb3+/Er3+双掺LaLiP4O12玻璃光谱性质研究

制备了Er3 +单掺杂及Yb3+/Er3+双掺杂四磷酸盐玻璃 ,测量了吸收光谱、荧光光谱 ,用McCumber理论计算Er3 +的发射截面 ,研究了其荧光特性、浓度猝灭及其机制、以及OH基对荧光强度和能量传递的影响 ,研究发现对四磷酸盐玻璃Yb3+的最佳浓度约为 1.82× 10 2 1ions/cm3,Er3+最佳浓度约为 0 .96× 10 2 0 ions/cm3。     

Tm:YVO4晶体的光谱参数计算

由测量的Tm :YVO4晶体的吸收光谱 ,考虑到单轴晶体在各个方向上的吸收不同和折射率随波长的变化 ,根据Judd Ofelt理论计算了Tm3 +在YVO4中的强度参数、各个能级的振子强度、自发辐射几率、荧光分支比、积分发射截面等参数。强度参数为Ω2 =1 9416× 10 - 2 0 (cm2 ) ,Ω4=0 15 6 8× 10 - 2 0 (cm2 ) ,Ω6=0 396 3× 10 - 2 0 (cm2 )。计算结果表明 ,1 D2 → 3 F4的跃迁几率远大于1 D2 向其他各个能级的跃迁几率     

掺钕钆镓石榴石激光晶体光谱分析

掺钕钆镓石榴石(Nd3+: Gd3 Ga5 O12,简称Nd : GGG)激光晶体是固体热容激光器的首选工作物质.采用提拉法生长了Nd:GGG晶体,测试了晶体的吸收及荧光光谱,并利用J-O理论计算了晶体的吸收及发射截面、强度参数、辐射跃迁概率、荧光分支比、荧光寿命等光谱参数.吸收光谱测试及计算结果发现,Nd:GGG晶体的最强吸收峰位于808 nm附近,主峰808 nm的吸收截面积σabs=4.35×10-20cm2,吸收线宽FWHM为8 nm,并且吸收峰强度随掺杂离子浓度的增加而增加.荧光光谱测试及计算结果表明,晶体的最强荧光发射峰位于1 062 nm附近,是Nd3+的4F3/2-4I11/2能级跃迁产生的荧光发射.主发射峰1 062 nm辐射跃迁概率AJJ'=1 832.01 s-1,荧光分支比βJJ=45.07%,荧光寿命τ=250 μs,受激发射截面σ(λ)=21.58×10-20cm2,较大的荧光分支比和受激发射截面易实现4F3/2-4I11/2通道的激光运转.     

用Judd-Ofelt理论计算TmP5O14晶体中Tm3+的光谱参数

根据Judd-Ofelt理论,测得了Tm3+ 在TmP5O14晶体中的强度参数分别为Q2=:1.50×10-20cm2,Q4=1.51×10-20cm2,Q6=0.916×10-20cm2,计算的振子强度Pcal.与实验值Pexp.符合较好,平均根方误差为2.60×10-7。求得Qλ后,计算了J多重激发态之间的振子强度,自发辐射跃迁速率,辐射寿命和荧光分支出,与YAlO3:Tm3+,YAG:Tm3+、Y2O3:Tm3+等晶体和掺Tm3+玻璃的光谱参数进行了比较,并就3H4→3H6,3F4→3H5,1D2→3H4和1G4→3H4的跃迁进行了对比和讨论。观察到Tm3+在不同介质中的Pexp.与强度参数的总和∑τλ=τ2+τ4+τ6存在Pexp=α∑τλ+b的关系。     

Kinetic modeling of multiphase flow based on simplified Enskog equation

A new kinetic model for multiphase flow was presented under the framework of the discrete Boltzmann method (DBM). Significantly different from the previous DBM, a bottom-up approach was adopted in this model. The effects of molecular size and repulsion potential were described by the Enskog collision model; the attraction potential was obtained through the mean-field approximation method. The molecular interactions, which result in the non-ideal equation of state and surface tension, were directly introduced as an external force term. Several typical benchmark problems, including Couette flow, two-phase coexistence curve, the Laplace law, phase separation, and the collision of two droplets, were simulated to verify the model. Especially, for two types of droplet collisions, the strengths of two non-equilibrium effects, {\overline{D}}_2^{*} and {\overline{D}}_3^{*} , defined through the second and third order non-conserved kinetic moments of (f-f^{eq}), are comparatively investigated, where f\left(f^{eq}\right)is the (equilibrium) distribution function. It is interesting to find that during the collision process, {\overline{D}}_2^{*} is always significantly larger than {\overline{D}}_3^{*}, {\overline{D}}_2^{*} can be used to identify the different stages of the collision process and to distinguish different types of collisions. The modeling method can be directly extended to a higher-order model for the case where the non-equilibrium effect is strong, and the linear constitutive law of viscous stress is no longer valid.     

Self-organized criticality in multi-pulse gamma-ray bursts

The variability in multi-pulse gamma-ray bursts(GRBs)may help to reveal the mechanism of underlying processes from the central engine.To investigate whether the self-organized criticality(SOC)phenomena exist in the prompt phase of GRBs,we statistically study the proper ties of GRBs with more than 3 pulses in each burst by fitting the distributions of several observed physical variables with a Markov Chain Monte Carlo approach,including the isotropic energy E_iso,the duration time T,and the peak count rate P of each pulse.Our sample consists of 454 pulses in 93 GRBs observed by the CGRO/BATSE satellite.The best-fitting values and uncertainties for these power-law indices of the differential frequency distributions are:α_E^d=1.54±0.09,α_T^d=1.82_-0.15^+0.14andα_P^d=2.09_-0.19^0.18,while the power-law indices in the cumulative frequency distributions are:α_E^c=1.44_-0.10^+0.08,α_T^c=1.75_-0.13^0.11andα_P^c=1.99_-0.19^+0.16.We find that these distributions are roughly consistent with the physical framework of a Fractal-Diffusive,Self^Organized Criticality(FD-SOC)system with the spatial dimension S=3 and the classical diffusionβ=1.Our results support that the jet responsible for the GRBs should be magnetically dominated and magnetic instabilities(e.g.,kink model,or tearing-model instability)lead the GRB emission region into the SOC state.     

Evolution law of Wigner function in laser process

Based on the density operator’s o perator-sum representation r ecently obtained by Fan and Hu for a laser process (Opt. Commun., 2008, 281: 5571; Opt. Commun., 2009, 282: 932; Phys. Lett. B, 2008, 22: 2435), we derive the evolution law of Wigner operator, the law is concisely expressed in the normally ordered formΔ(α,α*,t)=Tπ:exp?[-2T(a?e-(κ-g)t-α*)-(ae-(k-g)t-α)] :, where g and κ are the cavity gain and the loss, respectively, and T≡ (κ-g )(κ+g-2ge^{-2(κ-g) t})^-1. When t=0,Δ(α,α,t)→1π : exp?[-2(a?-α*)-(a-α)] :, which is the initial Wigner operator. Using this formalism the evolution law of Wigner functions in laser process can be directly obtained.     

On the entangled fractional squeezing transformation

We propose an entangled fractional squeezing transformation (EFrST) generated by using two mutually conjugate entangled state representations with the following operator: e-iα(a1?a2?+a1a2)eiπa2?a2; this transformation sharply contrasts the complex fractional Fourier transformation produced by using e-iα(a1?a2?+a2?a2)eiπa2?a2 (see Front. Phys. DOI 10.1007/s11467-014-0445-x). The EFrST is obtained by converting the triangular functions in the integration kernel of the usual fractional Fourier transformation into hyperbolic functions, i.e., tanα → tanhα and sinα → sinhα. The fractional property of the EFrST can be well described by virtue of the properties of the entangled state representations.     

Diverse magnetism in stable and metastable structures of CrTe

In this paper, we systematically investigated the structural and magnetic properties of CrTe by combining particle swarm optimization algorithm and first-principles calculations. By considering the electronic correlation effect, we predicted the ground-state structure of CrTe to be NiAs-type (space group P6₃/mmc) structure at ambient pressure, consistent with the experimental observation. Moreover, we found two extra meta-stable Cmcaand R\overline{3}m structures which have negative formation enthalpy and stable phonon dispersion at ambient pressure. The Cmcastructure is a layered antiferromagnetic metal. The cleaved energy of a single layer is 0.464 J/m² , indicating the possible synthesis of CrTe monolayer. The R\overline{3}m structure is a ferromagnetic half-metal. When external pressure is applied, the ground-state structure of CrTe transitions from P63/mmc structure to R\overline{3}m structure at a pressure of 34 GPa, then to R\overline{3}m structure at 42 GPa. We thought these results help to motivate experimental studies of the CrTe compounds in the application of spintronics.     

Relation between gravitational mass and baryonic mass for non-rotating and rapidly rotating neutron stars

With a selected sample of neutron star(NS)equations of state(EOSs)that are consistent with the current observations and have a range of maximum masses,we investigate the relations between NS gravitational mass Mg and baryonic mass and the relations between the maximum NS mass supported through uniform rotation(Mmax)and that of nonrotating NSs(Mtov).We find that for an EOS-independent quadratic,universal transformation formula(Mb=Mg+A×M^2/g),the best-fit A value is 0.080 for non-rotating NSs,0.064 for maximally rotating NSs,and 0.073 when NSs with arbitrary rotation are considered.The residual error of the transformation is?0.1M⊙ for non-spin or maximum-spin,but is as large as?0.2M⊙ for all spins.For different EOSs,we find that the parameter A for non-rotating NSs is proportional to R^-1/1.4(where R1.4 is NS radius for 1.4M⊙ in units of km).For a particular EOS,if one adopts the best-fit parameters for different spin periods,the residual error of the transformation is smaller,which is of the order of O.O1M⊙ for the quadratic form and less than O.O1M⊙ for the cubic form(Mb=Mg+A1×M^2/g+A2×M^3/g).We also find a very tight and general correlation between the normalized mass gain due to spin △m≡(Mmax-MTOV)MTOV and the spin period normalized to the Keplerian period P,i.e.,log10 △m=(-2.74±0.05)log10 P+log10(0.20±0.01),which is independent of EOS models.These empirical relations are helpful to study NS-NS mergers with a long-lived NS merger product using multi-messenger data.The application of our results to GW170817 is discussed.     

Gluon number fluctuations and diffusive scaling effect

The diffusive scaling is studied based on pomeron loop equations in the fixed coupling case. At Y?YDS, the gluon number fluctuations become important, the geometric scaling is replaced by the diffusive scaling. In the diffusive scaling regime, the deep inelastic scattering (DIS) total scattering cross-section is a function of single variable ln?[1/(r2Qs2(X))]/DY. We show that the deep inelastic scattering experimental data lie on a single curve, which seems to indicate the existence of the diffusive scaling phenomenology in the deep inelastic scattering.     

Spatial modulation of unitary impurity-induced resonances in superconducting CeCoIn5

Motivated by recent experimental progress in high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) techniques, we investigate the local quasiparticle density of states around a unitary impurity in the heavy-fermion superconductor CeCoIn₅. Based on the T -matrix approach we obtain a sharp nearly zero-energy resonance state in the strong impurity potential scattering localized around the impurity and find qualitative differences in the spatial pattern of the tunneling conductance modulated by the nodal structure of the superconducting gap. These unique features may be used as a probe of the superconducting gap symmetry and, in combination with further STM measurements, may help to confirm the dx2−y2 pairing in CeCoIn₅ at ambient pressure.     

Subgroups of index 4 of the 2-dimensional space groups

There are 281 subgroups of index 4 for the 17 types of 2-dimension space groups: p1:7, p2:31, pm:19, pg:7, cm:11, p2mm:67, p2mg:23, p2gg:11, c2mm:31, p4:11, p4mm:31, p4gm:11, p3:4, p3m1:4, p31m:4, p6:4, p6mm:5. Every subgroup has been identified by its conventional cell disposition with respect to the conventional cell of the starting group. These subgroups may be arranged in 96 automorphism classes and 184 conjugation classes according to their starting groups.     

Conditions for ponderomotive resonances in the Kapitza–Dirac effect

By applying a nonperturbative quantum electrodynamic theory, we study ponderomotive resonances when an electron beam is scattered by a standing photon wave. Our study shows that the ponderomotive parameter u_p, the ponderomotive energy per laser-photon energy, for each of the two traveling laser modes possesses a minimum value ℏω/(mec2). Ponderomotive resonances occur only when the ratio of the laser photon energy to the electron rest-mass energy is a fraction, where the denominator is twice the square of a positive integer and the numerator is the total ponderomotive number, which is also a positive integer.