单重态氧化物 IV: 6-取代-1,4-环辛二烯的光敏氧化反应

6-取代-1,4-环辛二烯与单重态氧立体有选择地氧化成顺式5,8-和反式5,6-二取代-1,3-环辛二烯的含氧衍生物. 依据产物的分子结构推知, 6-取代-1,4-环辛二烯发生“ene"反应时的优势构象不同于环辛烷, 而是具有角张力的扭曲构象(1), 这为研究环烯的分子构象提供了一种实验方法.用Monroe法测定了6-取代-1,4-环辛二烯对单重态氧反应的β值. 其反应活性顺序为:3>1>4>1, 5-环辛二烯>2>5. 表明推电子取代基增加了同单重态氧反应的能力, 而吸电子取代基则降低了同单重态氧的反应能力, 但是不论取代基性质如何, 都不能改变“ene"反应的本质.     

单重态氧化学——Ⅳ.6-取代-1,4-环辛二烯的光敏氧化反应

6-取代-1,4-环辛二烯与单重态氧立体有选择地氧化成顺式5,8-和反式5,6-二取代-1,3-环辛二烯的含氧衍生物。依据产物的分子结构推知,6-取代-1,4-环辛二烯发生“ene”反应时的优势构象不同于环辛烷,而是具有角张力的扭曲构象(Ⅰ),这为研究环烯的分子构象提供了一种实验方法。用Monroe法测定了6-取代-1,4-环辛二烯对单重态氧反应的β值。其反应活性顺序为:3>1>4>1,5-环辛二烯>2>5。表明推电子取代基增加了同单重态氧反应的能力,而吸电子取代基则降低了同单重态氧的反应能力。但是不论取代基性质如何,都不能改变“ene”反应的本质。     

6-取代-l,4-环辛二烯的单重态氧反应——合成顺式-5,8-和反式-5,6-二取代-1,3-环辛二烯含氧衍生物的方便途径

以竹红菌甲素作敏化剂匹配高压钠灯产生单重态氧,在甲醇溶液中,氧化6-取代-1,4-环辛二烯(1),(2),并经亚硫酸钠还原,得到顺-5,8-二取代-1,3-环辛二烯和反-5,6-二取代-1,3-环辛二烯发。化合物(3)是在三氯乙烷溶液中,未经还原得到过氧化氢基取代-1,3-环辛二烯。基态分子的稳定构象决定了反应产物的立体选择性。这类反应为用光氧化方法合成顺-5,8-二取代和反-5,6-二取代-1,3-环辛二烯含氧衍生物提供了方便的途径。     

顺, 顺-1,5-环辛二烯的单重态氧反应及其产物的重排

本文报道用竹红菌甲素作光敏剂匹配高压钠灯光源, 对1,5-环辛二烯(1)进行单重态氧氧化反应, 高产率和立体选择性地得到顺-5,8-二(氢过氧基)-1,3-环辛二烯(7). 证明了7还原产物顺-5,8-二烃基-1,3-环辛二烯(8)热重排的产物是6-羟基-4-环辛烯酮(3). 而不是6-羟基-3-环辛烯酮(6). 并讨论了热重排过程的机理.     

单重态氧化学 V: 二烷基取代酚光敏氧化反应的研究

本文研究了2,6-二甲基酚、2,4-二甲基酚及3,4-二甲基酚的光敏氧化反应, 应用竹红菌甲素作敏化剂匹配高压钠灯首次提供了二烷基取代酚同单重态氧发生化学反应的例证, 并测定了它们对单重态氧的反应速度常数, 其反应活性顺序为:BHT>2,4-DMP>3,4-DMP>DBP>2,6-DMP.二烷基取代酚同单重态氧可能通过1,4-环加成反应的机理, 再经重排生成最终产物.     

单重态氧化学 V: 二烷基取代酚光敏氧化反应的研究

本文研究了2,6-二甲基酚、2,4-二甲基酚及3,4-二甲基酚的光敏氧化反应, 应用竹红菌甲素作敏化剂匹配高压钠灯首次提供了二烷基取代酚同单重态氧发生化学反应的例证, 并测定了它们对单重态氧的反应速度常数, 其反应活性顺序为:BHT>2,4-DMP>3,4-DMP>DBP>2,6-DMP.二烷基取代酚同单重态氧可能通过1,4-环加成反应的机理, 再经重排生成最终产物.     

合成重要中间体1,4位官能化化合物的简便方法

5,6-取代环烯醚2在乙腈的单重态氧反应有效的生成一系列1,4位官能化化合物3。1,4位官能化化合物为合成上重要的中间体。环烯醚2可以通过β-二酰基化合物1和1,3-二溴丙烷在稀碱(碳酸钾/丙酮)条件下缩合生成。     

热分解三苯氧基膦臭氧加成物产生单线态氧与6-羟基-1,4-顺,顺-环辛二烯的反应

控制反应条件,热分解三苯氧基膦臭氧加成物(Ⅱ)产生单线态分子氧,其产率由70%提高到98%,同单线态氧的探针化合物α-蒎烯反应,得到单一的“ene”型产物,松香芹醇(pinocarveol)。同6-羟基-1,4-顺,顺-环辛二烯(Ⅰ)反应占优势的过程也是“ene”反应,分离出还原产物5,8-二羟基-1,3-顺,顺-环辛二烯(Ⅲ),以及(Ⅲ)的热重排产物6-羟基-4-顺-环辛烯酮(Ⅳ),这同用光敏氧化的方法氧化(Ⅰ)得到的结果相一致。通过构型分析,说明了化合物(Ⅰ)同单线态氧作用,通过协同的“ene”反应进行,使分子轨道相互作用不利的[_π4_s+_π2_s]加成过程被抑制。     

龙脑烯醛同单重态氧反应的立体选择性

用竹红菌甲素匹配高压钠灯光敏氧化龙脑烯醛,高产率并有立体选择性地获得反应主产物,α-(2,2-二甲基-3-亚甲基-4-羟基-1-环戊烷基)乙醛。反应具有协同的“ene”反应特性。反应的立体选择性被龙脑烯醛的分子构象,取代基的空间位阻效应和烯丙基氢的轴向定位所控制。羰基同环戊烯基的相互隐蔽的分子构象对反应的立体选择性起关键作用。     

蒈烯芳氰敏化光氧化反应的研究——Ⅱ.光敏氧化产物的分布及其反应机理

本文报道蒈烯在不同溶剂中光敏氧化反应产物的组成和分布及其与溶剂及敏化剂性质的关系。研究结果指出在以孟加拉玖瑰红(RB)为敏化剂时,主要生成典型的“ene”型产物,而以9,10—二腈基蒽敏化蒈烯的光氧化反应除生成“ene”型产物外还生成相当量的非“ene”型产物。实验证明蒈烯芳氰敏化光氧化反应过程,首先发生电子转移,而后产生自由基中间体和单重态氧并生成相应产物。     

Synthesis of functionalized 1,5-cyclooctadienes by LICKOR metalation

1,5-Cyclooctadiene was lithiated under LICKOR superbase conditions followed by reaction with alkyl halides or ethylene oxide to yield 3-substituted 1,5-cyclooctadienes in high yield and purity. This procedure is suitable for preparation of 1,5-cyclooctadienes carrying pendant functional groups for immobilization on solid-phase resins.     

Competitive thermal ene reaction and Diels-Alder reactions of 2-[N-(alk-2-enyl)benzylamino]-3-vinylpyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4(4H)-ones

Thermal reaction of 2-[N-(alk-2-enyl)benzylamino]-3-(2-substituted and 2,2-disubstituted)vinylpyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4(4H)-ones gave azepine, the desired ene products, and/or pyran derivatives. The formation of the latter was responsible for the [4+2] cycloaddition reaction between the α,β-unsaturated ester carbonyl moiety as a diene part and the alkenylamino moiety as an ene one. The reaction features depended upon the kinds of substituents both on the vinyl and alkenyl counterparts; strongly electron-withdrawing substituents on the vinyl moiety or an electron-donating substituent on the alkenyl one changed the reaction feature from the ene reaction to the hetero Diels-Alder reaction.     

The attempted stereoselective synthesis of chiral 2,2′-biindoline

The attempted first stereoselective synthesis of 2,2′-biindoline using a metathesis-Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation strategy results in the synthesis of the heterocycle in poor to modest stereoselectivity. Attempts to improve the ee by varying the heteroatom protecting groups in key intermediates did not enhance the outcome of the Sharpless AD reaction. Therefore a limitation of this AD reaction is the use of 1,4-substituted but-2-enes where these substituents are ortho-substituted aromatics.     

Cycloaromatization of 1,4-pentadiynes: a viable possibility?

[structure: see text] The effects of several mostly sigma-withdrawing, pi-donating substituents X on the hitherto unknown Bergman-like cyclizations of 3-substituted 1,4-pentadiynes were studied at the BLYP/6-311+G//BLYP/6-31G level of theory. As the cyclization with X = OH(+) has the lowest barrier and is about thermoneutral, we predict that the title reaction is viable, for instance, through activation of derivatives with X = O with Lewis acids.     

Studies on quinoline derivatives and related compounds. VI. A novel displacement reaction of 1-ethylquinolinium iodides with nucleophiles

The reaction of 4-amino- ( 3a ) and 4-anilino-3-carbethoxy-1-ethyl-6,7-methylenedioxy-quinolinium iodide ( 3b ) with nucleophilic reagents produced 7-substituted 4-amino-3-carboxy-1-ethyl-6-hydroxyquinolinium betaines ( 5b-d ) and 7-substituted 1-ethyl-1,4-dihydro-6-hydroxy-4-phenylimino-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid ( 6b-d ), respectively, which led to 7-substituted 1-ethyl-1,4-dihydro-6-hydroxy-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acids ( 1b-d ) by alkaline hydrolysis. With a variety of 1-ethyl-1,4-dihydroquinoline carboxylates ( 16a-e ) these novel displacement reactions were attempted.     

Sensitized photo-oxygenation of acyclic conjugated dienes

Sensitized photo-oxygenation of a wide variety of acyclic 1,3-dienes was investigated. The 1,4-cycloaddition of singlet oxygen to acyclic conjugated dienes was closely related to the thermal Diels-Alder reaction in stereospecificity, and steric and electronic effects of substituents. Reactivity order of singlet oxygen toward conjugated dienes and isolated C—C double bonds was exhibited as follows: trisubstituted mono-olefins > 2-substituted 1,3-dienes > disubstituted mono-olefins.     

Synthesis and antibacterial activity of some 7-substituted 1-ethyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acids: Ethers,secondary amines and sulfides as c-7 substituents

A series of 7-substituted 1-ethyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acids were prepared from 1-ethyl-6,7-difluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid 8 . Those derivatives reported contain acyclic and heterocyclic substituents linked to the quinolone C-7 position via O, NH or S. The in vitro antibacterial data of some of these derivatives against 4 Gram positive and 4 Gram negative organisms are reported.     

Synthesis of 6-substituted 6-nitroperhydro-1,4-diazepines via novel tandem retro-Henry and Mannich/Michael reactions

N,N'-Dibenzyl-6-hydroxymethyl-6-nitroperhydro-1,4-diazepine was converted into a nitronate via retro-Henry reaction, followed by either Michael reaction with several acrylic derivatives or Mannich reaction with different amines, thus leading to 6-substituted 6-nitroperhydro-1,4-diazepines. The tandem retro-Henry/Mannich reaction was also carried out using benzylamine as base, solvent, and reagent at the same time. Selective hydrogenation of the nitro group and complete hydrogenolysis were also successfully achieved.     

Synthesis of 2,3,4,7-tetrahydro[1,4]thiazepines from thiazolidines and β-enaminonitriles

A wide library of 2,3,4,7-tetrahydro[1,4]thiazepines have been prepared by simple heating of thiazolidine and β-enaminonitrile derivatives in acetonitrile. The procedure, whose yields depend on the nature and position of the substituents, gave good results if the substituents were not very bulky but it is less effective when starting from 2-substituted thiazolidines.     

Synthesis of 2,6-disubstituted pyrido[2,3-b][1,4]oxazines

A new preparative method for pyrido[2,3-b][1,4]oxazines from 6-substituted 3-nitro-2-pyridones is demonstrated. This method consists of two steps: O-alkylation and reductive cyclization. In the former step, the bulkiness of both starting nitropyridones and C2 reagents is found to be essential for avoiding N-alkylation, which undergoes O-alkylation efficiently. The subsequent reductive cyclization affords pyridoxazines with carbon substituents at both the 2- and the 6-positions that have not been available.