还原热处理对铈锆铝复合氧化物性能的影响

采用共沉淀法制备铈锆铝复合氧化物(CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3,CZA)和铈锆复合氧化物(CeO2-ZrO2,CZ),将样品分别在空气和10%H2/Ar气氛下进行热处理,利用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、O2脉冲吸附、H2程序升温还原(H2-TPR)等手段研究了复合氧化物的结构及性能.结果表明:CZA样品经950℃还原热处理后出现CeAlO3晶相,热处理温度越高,越有利于CeAlO3物相生成.CZA储氧量(OSC)随着还原热处理温度升高逐渐增大,至900℃达到1270.3μmo·lg-1;温度继续升高,OSC减小,1100℃还原热处理后CZA的OSC仅为23.2μmo·lg-1.研究发现还原热处理中形成CeAlO3,其显著影响CZA样品的储氧性能和还原性能.     

铈锆铝复合氧化物的制备及其性能研究

以硝酸铈和硝酸锆为原料,氨水为沉淀剂,双氧水为氧化剂,采用共沉淀法将铈锆固溶体负载在固态铝源(拟薄水铝石、活性氧化铝和改性氧化铝)表面,制备了铈锆铝复合氧化物。通过XRD,TEM,BET,TPR等手段对铈锆铝复合氧化物进行了结构表征和性能分析。研究结果表明:铈锆固溶体负载在氧化铝上,颗粒明显变小,老化性能得到显著改善;不同形态固态铝源制备的铈锆铝复合氧化物性能各异,以拟薄水铝石为铝源制备的样品比表面积最大,以改性氧化铝为铝源制备的样品表现出最佳的储氧性能。     

锰掺杂对铈锆复合氧化物储氧性能的影响

利用溶胶凝胶法制备了CeO2-ZrO2-MnOx复合氧化物，通过CO脉冲和CO-O2循环脉冲测试分别考察样品的完全储氧能力和动态储氧能力。掺杂方法使氧化锰和氧化铈在体相和表面均产生强相互作用。只有少部分Mn离子进入了CeO2晶体形成固溶体，其余以Mn3O4的形式弥散分布在表面。材料的储氧能力受到Mn掺杂量和Mn在CeO2晶格中的固溶度两个因素影响。当测试脉冲频率较低时，储氧能力主要取决于材料中可以储放氧成分的相对含量；而当脉冲频率较高时，材料中影响晶格氧迁移速度的缺陷浓度则成为影响OSC性能的主要因素。     

液相沉淀法制备稀土-锆固溶体及其性能研究

采用液相沉淀法制备了Ce0.6Zr0.3La0.05Y0.05O2固溶体。通过BET,XRD,SEM,程序升温还原和氧脉冲吸附等方法对合成产品性能进行了表征。研究了前驱体的形态、高温水热处理、表面处理以及后期固溶体的还原处理对固溶体性能的影响。其中前驱体的高温水热处理和固溶体的还原处理对固溶体的催化性能有很大的影响。200℃水热处理制得的固溶体经1000℃老化4 h后,比表面积为25.3 m2.g-1,孔容为0.21 cm3.g-1,经800℃还原处理3 h后储氧量为478.3μmol.g-1,显示了较高的比表面积和储氧能力的高温稳定性。     

铋杂对Ce-Zr固溶体储氧性能稳定性的影响

以Ce(NO3)3·6H2O,ZrO(NO3)2·2H2O和Bi(NO3)3·5H2O为原料,氨水为沉淀剂,双氧水为氧化剂,在pH值为9.5～10.5条件下,采用氧化共沉淀法制备了不同比例组成的复合氧化物Ce1-x-yZrxBiyOσ.通过XRD,BET和Raman表征可知,该法制备的样品550 ℃焙烧后均可形成固溶体,当x0.15,y0.2时,高温焙烧后易分相.H2-TPR和CO脉冲测试结果显示Ce0.65Zr0.15Bi0.2Oσ较易被还原,且1050℃焙烧4 h后储氧量仍可达625 μmol·(g cat)-1,这是由于Bi3+取代了Ce0.65Zr0.15Bi0.2Oσ中部分Ce4+和Zr4+形成氧空位,增强了体相晶格氧的移动性,从而使Ce0.65Zr0.15Bi0.2Oσ固溶体中的Ce4+和Bi3+同时被还原.     

不同制备方法对铈锆复合氧化物结构及性能的影响

采用共沉淀法、均相沉淀法以及反相微乳法制备了铈锆复合氧化物.通过XRD,TEM,BET等表征手段来分析所得铈锆氧化物粉体的性质,将制得的粉体涂覆在堇青石蜂窝陶瓷载体上作为涂层,担载一定量的贵金属Pt作为活性组分制得整体催化剂,并在低温水汽变换反应上考察它们的催化性能.分析结果表明3种方法都得到了单相的铈锆固溶体;微乳法制得的纳米级铈锆固溶体粒径分布均匀、平均粒径尺寸为6 nm;所得纳米级铈锆复合氧化物的比表面积大小为微乳法＞均相沉淀法＞共沉淀法.实验结果表明用微乳法制得的铈锆复合氧化物的催化性能要优于其他两种方法.     

大比表面积铈锆氧化物固溶体的制备

采用共沉淀法制备铈、锆氧化物固溶体.发现以适当配比的(NH4)HCO3和NH3*H2O混合溶液作为沉淀剂,同时控制沉淀过成中的反应条件,所得到的沉淀在较低的温度(400 ℃)下焙烧即可形成铈、锆氧化物固溶体.该固溶体具有较大的比表面积和高的储氧能力.形成沉淀后添加适量表面活性剂,可进一步提高产品的比表面积而对其还原行为和储氧性能几乎无影响.对制得的氧化物以X-射线衍射、程序升温还原、氧的脉冲滴定和液氮物理吸附等方法进行了表征.     

添加剂对铈锆复合氧化物性能的影响

制备了铈锆及含有氧化钇、氧化镧和氧化镨的铈锆复合氧化物,并用XRD和BET手段对新鲜及高温老化后的样品进行了表征.结果表明,制备的样品具有单一的立方晶相,并能耐较高的温度;同时,添加剂能增大铈锆复合氧化物的孔径,提高其耐热性能.     

钾元素掺杂对铈锆固溶体中氧物种的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了一系列不同摩尔比K+掺杂的铈锆固溶体xK-Ce0.7Zr0.3O2(x=0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20,0.25,0.30,0.35,0.40),对其催化碳烟颗粒物(PM)燃烧的活性进行了评价,并采用XRD,H2-TPR,O2-TPD,XPS测试方法对催化剂样品进行了表征。结果表明:K+掺杂后均形成了具有立方面心萤石结构的K-Ce-Zr-O固溶体催化剂。K+掺杂量的改变导致铈锆固溶体产生不同程度的晶格畸变及表面活性氧的含量改变;掺杂K+有利于晶格氧的流动性和铈锆固溶体的释放氧能力的增强,促进催化活性的提高。当0.10≤x≤0.40时,催化剂具有较好的催化性能。     

铈锆固溶体对摩托车尾气净化催化剂性能的影响

对3种铈锆粉CLZ,CHZ及CZA进行了XRD,BET表征,考察了CLZ,CHZ及CZA对催化剂性能的影响。XRD结果表明,CLZ能形成单一稳定的晶相结构,CHZ高温老化后分相,CZA不能形成稳定的晶相结构;BET结果表明,CLZ具有较好的热稳定性。活性测试结果表明,CLZ具有较好的热老化性能。实车测试结果表明,CLZ制备的催化剂能满足国Ⅲ排放要求。     

Sulfuration of Pt/Al2O3, Pt?Re/Al2O3 and Pt?Ir/Al2O3 catalysts

Three reforming catalysts Pt/Al₂O₃, Pt–Ir/Al₂O₃ and Pt–Re/Al₂O₃ have been sulfurated by H₂S and tested by their activities in benzene hydrogenation. By treatment at 500°C under hydrogen flow only a part of the initial activity of the non-sulfurated catalyst is retained. So only a part of the adsorbed sulfur is easily removed in these conditions. The remaining sulfur for each of the catalysts (Pt/Al₂O₃, Pt–Ir/Al₂O₃ and Pt–Re/Al₂O₃) gives the same atomic ratio of 0.5 sulfur atom per accessible metallic atom.

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Pt/Al₂O₃, Pt–Ir/Al₂O₃ Pt–Pe/Al₂O₃ . 500°C H₂ . . ., . (Pt/Al₂O₃, Pt–Ir/Al₂O₃ Pt–Pe/Al₂O₃) 0,5.

     

Sulfurization of Pt/Al2O3?Cl catalysts. IV. Adsorption sites of H2S on Al2O3, Al2O3?Cl and Pt/Al2O3?Cl

Chemisorption of H₂S on Al₂O₃, Al₂O₃–Cl and Pt/Al₂O₃–Cl has been studied by gravimetry and IR spectroscopy. The influence of the amount of Cl on the H₂S adsorption equilibrium value and the nature of the adsorption sites at low and high coverages are discussed.

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H₂S Al₂O₃, Al₂O₃–Cl Pt/Al₂O₃–Cl . Cl H₂S, .

     

TPR studies on steam reforming of 2-propanol on Rh/Al2O3, Ru/Al2O3 and Pd/Al2O3

Reaction pathways for steam reforming of 2-propanol (isopropyl alcohol, IPA) on Rh/Al₂O₃, Ru/Al₂O₃ and Pd/Al₂O₃ have been studied by temperature-programmed reactions (TPRs) of IPA and acetone in the presence of steam. The results of TPRs suggest that that of IPA on Rh/Al₂O₃ and Ru/Al₂O₃ proceeds via acetone, while the steam reforming of IPA on Pd/Al₂O₃ takes place via propene from acetone. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Structural changes resulting from doping Ti2O3 with Sc2O3 or Al2O3

The crystal structures of (Ti_1?xSc_x)₂O₃, x = 0.0038, 0.0109, and 0.0413, and of (Ti_0.99Al_0.01)₂O₃, have been determined from X-ray diffraction data collected from single crystals using an automated diffractometer, and have been refined to weighted residuals of 25–34. Cell constants have also been determined for x = 0.0005, 0.0019, and 0.0232. The compounds are rhombohedral, space group $\text{R}\text{3}\text{c}$, and are isomorphous with α-Al₂O₃. The hexagonal cell dimensions range from a = 5.1573(2)Å, c = 13.613(1)Å for (Ti_0.9995Sc_0.0005)₂O₃ to a = 5.1659(4)Å, c = 13.644(1)Å for (Ti_0.9587Sc_0.0413)₂O₃, and a = 5.1526(2)Å, c = 13.609(1)Å for (Ti_0.99Al_0.01)₂O₃. Sc and Al substitution cause similar increases in the short near-neighbor metal-metal distance across the shared octahedral face; for Sc doping the increase is from 2.578(1) Å in pure Ti₂O₃ to 2.597(1) Å in (Ti_0.9587Sc_0.0413)₂O₃. By contrast, changes in the metal-metal distance across the shared octahedral edge appear to be governed by ionic size effects. The distance increases from 2.994(1) Å in Ti₂O₃ to 3.000(1) Å in (Ti_0.9587Sc_0.0413)₂O₃ and decreases to 2.991(1) Å in (Ti_0.99Al_0.01)₂O₃.     

The Al2O3-Fe2O3 Mixed Oxidic System, I. Preparation and Characterization

A series of Al₂O₃-Fe₂O₃ mixed oxidic solids with composition ranging from 0 to 100% of Fe₂O₃ were prepared and examined for structural characteristics. XRD diagrams showed the presence of α-Al₂O₃ and hematite phases. The analysis of M?ssbauer spectra revealed the existence of two iron containing phases. The specific surface area of the mixture decreases by the addition of iron and depends on the crystal phases of the mixture. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Investigation of the acidity of Ni/Al2O3 and Ni/SiO2?Al2O3 catalysts

Acidity of Ni-modified alumina and silica-alumina catalysts was determined using n-butylamine titration and pyridine adsorption methods. Strong influence of Ni²⁺ ions on the Brönsted acidity of silicaalumina was observed. Improved Brönsted acidity of such system was confirmed by the results of the test reaction.     

Dilatometric studies of Y2W3O12 with added Al2O3

Y₂W₃O₁₂ exhibits negative thermal expansion along the three crystallographic directions due to the transverse thermal vibrations perpendicular to the Y-O-W linkage. It is highly hygroscopic and forms a trihydrate structure at room temperature. Dilatometric studies of Y₂W₃O₁₂ show large thermal expansion hysteresis due to large grain size and a large initial positive thermal expansion due to the removal of water molecules. Al₂O₃ has been added to Y₂W₃O₁₂ upto 10 wt% in an attempt to overcome the hygroscopicity and reduce the particle size and thereby the thermal expansion hysteresis. Thermo gravimetric, dilatometric and electron microscopic studies are presented to support these observations. Dedicated to Professor C N R Rao on his 70th birthday     

Surface acidity of the La2O3/Al2O3 system

Surface acidity of aluminium oxide containing 5 wt. % lanthanum oxide has been determined by IR spectroscopy. Strength of Lewis sites of the La₂O₃/Al₂O₃ system was lower than that of pure aluminium oxide. However, the presence of La₂O₃ in aluminium oxide increased the thermostability of these sites in the mixed system.     

Partial oxidation of methane on Cr2O3/Al2O3

The oxidation of methane on supported chromia was studied at temperatures varying between 423 and 743 K and CH₄/O₂ ratios between 1 and 9 in a differential reactor. The main reaction products observed were carbon monoxide and formaldehyde. The rates of reaction obey a power law expression.

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, 423 743 CH₄/O₂ 1 9, . . .