光波多普勒效应的简单证明

提出了一种应用相对论的时间膨胀效应直接证明光波多普勒效应的简单方法.     

The Ellipsoid Theory of Electromagnetic Radiation from a Moving Source

The ellipsoid theory Is a modification of the ether theory coupled with time dilation. It is not in conflict with any known observational evidence. Certain astronomical evidence, which conflicts with relativity theory, supports the ellipsoid theory. The moon laser experiment will serve as a direct test of the validity of both theories.     

狭义相对论中同时性的研究

本文对狭义相对论中＂同时性＂的基础和＂尺缩钟慢＂效应的本质进行了深入探讨.＂绝对同时＂和＂绝对静止＂一样是不存在的,＂同时＂和＂静止＂都具有相对性.以此为出发点,本文对一个不能直接应用＂尺缩钟慢＂效应解决的物理问题进行了深入研究.结果表明只要找到与正在发生的事件始终保持相对静止的惯性参考系,我们就可以引入＂固有时间＂的概念,再结合＂尺缩钟慢＂效应得到相应事件相对于地面参考系的时间变化规律.     

基于同时的相对性对钟慢尺缩效应的再认识

同时的相对性、钟慢效应和尺缩效应是狭义相对论时空观的主要内容.鉴于同时性是时空测量的基础,本文从同时的相对性出发详述了对钟慢效应和尺缩效应的再认识:钟慢效应是运动时钟走时率变慢和校表问题的综合表现,其实质是同时的相对性在时间量度上的直接反映;尺缩效应的实质是同时的相对性在空间量度上的反映,也是不同观测者对同一客观事实的不同时空描述.     

Consistency in relativity

The error in Kingsley's attack on special relativity is shown to arise from his failure to actually use the Lorentz transformation. He has instead applied a fallacious symmetry argument to justify the use of time dilation in a situation for which this special case formula is not valid.Supported by a United States Navy BURKE Fellowship.     

A derivation of three-dimensional inertial transformations

The derivation of the transformations between inertial frames made by Mansouri and Sexl is generalised to three dimensions for an arbitrary direction of the velocity. Assuming length contraction and time dilation to have their relativistic values, a set of transformations kinematically equivalent to special relativity is obtained. The “clock hypothesis” allows the derivation to be extended to accelerated systems. A theory of inertial transformations maintaining absolute simultaneity is shown to be the only one logically consistent with accelerated movements. Algebraic properties of these transformations are discussed. Financial support from the Swiss National Science Foundation and the Swiss Academy of Engineering Sciences.     

谈狭义相对论时空理论教学——大学物理课程讲授狭义相对论之我见

依据狭义相对论基本原理和物理事例,导出钟慢、尺缩效应和同时相对性,再以此为据导出洛伦兹变换.     

Moving system with speeded-up evolution

In classical (non-quantum) relativity theory, the course of a moving clock is dilated when compared to the course of a clock at rest (the Einstein dilation). Any unstable system may be regarded as a clock. The time evolution (e.g., the decay) of a uniformly moving physical system is considered using relativistic quantum theory. An example of a moving system is given whose evolution turns out to be speeded-up instead of dilated. A discussion of this paradoxical result is presented. The text was submitted by the author in English.     

Lorentz violation in high-energy ions

The theoretical interest in small Lorentz violations has motivated experiments that investigate it by measuring deviations in the time dilation predicted by special relativity (SR) using high-energy ions. The main contribution of this article is to show that including the Doppler effect in the emission (which is of the same order as the time dilation effect) in the analysis leads to differences between experimental and theoretical predictions that indicate potential Lorentz violation.     

Simple Derivation of Minimum Length, Minimum Dipole Moment and Lack of Space–Time Continuity

The principle of maximum power makes it possible to summarize special relativity, quantum theory and general relativity in one fundamental limit principle each. Special relativity contains an upper limit to speed; following Bohr, quantum theory is based on a lower limit to action; recently, a maximum power given by c ⁵/4G was shown to be equivalent to the full field equations of general relativity. Taken together, these three fundamental principles imply a limit value for every physical observable, from acceleration to size. The new, precise limit values differ from the usual Planck values by numerical prefactors of order unity. Among others, minimum length and time intervals appear. The limits imply that elementary particles are not point-like and suggest a lower limit on electric dipole values. The minimum intervals also imply that the non-continuity of space–time is an inevitable result of the unification of quantum theory and relativity, independently of the approach used. PACS numbers: 04.20.Cv; 13.40.Em; 04.60.-m.     

Trace Dynamics and a non-commutative special relativity

Trace Dynamics is a classical dynamical theory of non-commuting matrices in which cyclic permutation inside a trace is used to define the derivative with respect to an operator. We use the methods of Trace Dynamics to construct a non-commutative special relativity. We define a line-element using the Trace over space–time coordinates which are assumed to be operators. The line-element is shown to be invariant under standard Lorentz transformations, and is used to construct a non-commutative relativistic dynamics. The eventual motivation for constructing such a non-commutative relativity is to relate the statistical thermodynamics of this classical theory to quantum mechanics.     

A non-covariant theory of gravitation,I

Homogeneous isotropic models of the universe, based on the general theory of relativity, lead to the existence of a preferred frame of reference, which is similar to the absolute space of, Newton, and a preferred time coordinate, which resembles the absolute time of Newton. These concepts seem to be in contradiction to the principle of covariance on which the general relativity theory is based. A theory of gravitation is therefore proposed which uses the world picture of general relativity but is not covariant. In the three crucial tests, the proposed theory gives the same results as the general relativity theory. However, in contrast to general relativity, the present theory predicts the emission of gravitational waves by spherically symmetric systems, and gravitational waves are found, in general, to have both transverse and longitudinal components.     

An interaction interpretation of special relativity theory. Part II

The interaction interpretation of special relativity theory (elaborated in Part I) is discussed in relation to quantum theory. The relativistic transformations (Lorentz processes) of physical variables, on the interaction interpretation, are observation-interaction dependent, just as are the physical values (eigenvalues) of systems described by quantum-theoretic state functions; a common, basic structure of the special relativity and quantum theories can therefore be presented. The constancy of the light speed is shown to follow from interaction-transformations of frequency and wavelength variables. A parallelism is suggested between, on the one hand, the Lorentz-Clausius distinction for relativistic transformations, and, on the other, the distinction between observation-dependent and observation-independent natural processes. The empirical study of rates of macroscopic clocks can provide a critical test of the interaction interpretation and of a possible extension to gravitational time changes; the role of time as prior determinant of natural process is at issue. The Hafele-Keating observations are of general relativity effects on clocks in accelerated motion.     

Gravity from symmetry breakdown of a gauge affine theory

We construct a gauge field theory based on GA(4, ) space-time symmetry containing spinorial and tensorial (infinite-component) matter manifields. We break the dilation symmetry and thus trigger a spontaneous breaking of the SL(4, )/SO(1, 3), also generating Newton's constant. The resulting ‘large-scale” space-time (a compared to Planck length) is of Riemann-Cartan type and in the flat limit we recover special relativity.     

On the inertial mass concept in special and general relativity

Inertial mass in relativity theory is discussed from a conceptual view. It is shown that though relativistic dynamics implies a particular dependence of the momentum of a free particle on its velocityin special relativity, which diverges as v approaches c, the inertial mass itself of a moving body remains constant, from any frame of observation. However, extension to general relativity does conceptually introduce variability of the inertial mass of a body, through a necessarily generally covariant field theory of inertia, when the Mach principle is incorporated into the theory of general relativity, as a theory of matter.     

The covariant derivative in the affine approach to general relativity

The affine presentation of general relativity is considered and a possible generalisation of the definition of covariant derivative is proposed. Under certain weak symmetry conditions it is shown that the only theories resulting from this generalisation are general relativity and Weyl's theory, of which general relativity arises in the most natural way.     

Time on a rotating platform

Traditional clock synchronisation on a rotating platform is shown to be incompatible with the experimentally established transformation of time. The latter transformation leads directly to solve this problem through noninvariant one-way speed of light. The conventionality of some features of relativity theory allows full compatibility with existing experimental evidence.     

Improved test of time dilation in special relativity

An improved test of time dilation in special relativity has been performed using laser spectroscopy on fast ions at the heavy-ion storage-ring TSR in Heidelberg. The Doppler-shifted frequencies of a two-level transition in 7Li+ ions at v=0.064c have been measured in the forward and backward direction to an accuracy of Deltanu/nu=1 x 10(-9) using collinear saturation spectroscopy. The result confirms the relativistic Doppler formula and sets a new limit of 2.2 x 10(-7) for deviations from the time dilation factor gamma(SR)=(1-v2/c2)(-1/2).     

Doppler spectroscopy on relativistic particle beams in the light of a test theory of special relativity

Modern experimental techniques based on collinear laser spectroscopy have led to greatly improved versions of the classical Ives-Stilwell experiment. The new experiments employ collinear laser beams and measure the Doppler shift as it is seen in the rest frame of a relativistic particle beam. This note analyzes these experiments in the framework of a test theory of special relativity due to Mansouri and Sexl. It is found that the experiments can test the coefficient functiona(υ² (responsible for time dilation), but are insensitive tob,d and?. While the Mansouri-Sexl theory in principle allows for an anisotropy of the velocity of light with respect to a moving reference frame, anisotropy effects cancel out in Ives-Stilwell type experiments. These experiments by themselves are not sufficient for a direct observation of such an anisotropy.