Local planarity in one-dimensional continua

In this paper we address a problem posed by W. Lewis at the Second International Conference on Continuum Theory held at BUAP, Puebla, Mexico. Lewis asked for a characterization of local-planarity in inverse limit spaces of finite graphs in terms of the dynamics of the bonding maps. We give some sufficiency conditions and show that points at which our sufficiency conditions do not guarantee the space is locally planar, the problem requires a solution to the harder problem of characterizing planarity in inverse limits of graphs. We also examine the case of an inverse limit generated by a single map, f, on a single graph, G. Assuming that f has finitely many turning points and is non-contracting, we characterize local planarity in terms of the dynamics of f.     

On chaotic extensions of dynamical systems

In this paper, inspired by some results in linear dynamics, we will show that every dynamical system (X,f), where f is a continuous self-map on a separable metric space X, can be extended to a chaotic (in the sense of Devaney) dynamical system in an isometric way.     

Implications of pseudo-orbit tracing property for continuous maps on compacta

We look at the dynamics of continuous self-maps of compact metric spaces possessing the pseudo-orbit tracing property (i.e., the shadowing property). Among other things we prove the following: (i) the set of minimal points is dense in the non-wandering set Ω(f), (ii) if f has either a non-minimal recurrent point or a sensitive minimal subsystem, then f has positive topological entropy, (iii) if X is infinite and f is transitive, then f is either an odometer or a syndetically sensitive non-minimal map with positive topological entropy, (iv) if f has zero topological entropy, then Ω(f) is totally disconnected and f restricted to Ω(f) is an equicontinuous homeomorphism.     

Kneading sequences of strange adding machines

A strange adding machine is a non-renormalizable unimodal map, f, with critical point c, such that f|ω(c) is topologically conjugate to an adding machine map. In this paper we characterize the kneading sequence structure for all strange adding machines.     

A note on chaos via Furstenberg family couple

The concepts of the first type of distributional chaos in the Tan-Xiong sense (Abbrev. DC1 in the Tan-Xiong sense), the second type of strong-distributional chaos (Abbrev. strong DC2) and the third type of strong-distributional chaos (Abbrev. strong DC3) were introduced by Tan et al. [F. Tan, J. Xiong. Chaos via Furstenberg family couple, Topology Appl. (2008), doi:10.1016/j.topol.2008.08.006] for continuous maps of a metric space. However, it turns out that, for continuous maps of a compact metric space, the three mutually nonequivalent versions of distributional chaos can be discussed. Let X be a compact metric space and f:X→X a continuous map. In this paper, we show that for any integer N>0, f is strong DC2 (resp. strong DC3) if and only if f^N is strong DC2 (resp. strong DC3). We also show that the above three versions of distributional chaos are topological conjugacy invariant. In addition, as an application, we present an example.     

On the centre and the set of ω-limit points of continuous maps on dendrites

It is well known that for dynamical systems generated by continuous maps of a graph, the centre of the dynamical system is a subset of the set of ω-limit points.In this paper we provide an example of a continuous self-map f₁ of a dendrite such that ω(f₁) is a proper subset of C(f₁).The second example is a continuous self-map f₂ of a dendrite having a strictly increasing sequence of ω-limit sets which is not contained in any maximal one. Again, this is impossible for continuous maps on graphs.     

Topological entropy of maps on regular curves

In [G.T. Seidler, The topological entropy of homeomorphisms on one-dimensional continua, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 108 (1990) 1025-1030], G.T. Seidler proved that the topological entropy of every homeomorphism on a regular curve is zero. Also, in [H. Kato, Topological entropy of monotone maps and confluent maps on regular curves, Topology Proc. 28 (2) (2004) 587-593] the topological entropy of confluent maps on regular curves was investigated. In particular, it was proved that the topological entropy of every monotone map on any regular curve is zero. In this paper, furthermore we investigate the topological entropy of more general maps on regular curves. We evaluate the topological entropy of maps f on regular curves X in terms of the growth of the number of components of f−n(y) (y∈X).     

Transitive points via Furstenberg family

Let (X,T) be a topological dynamical system and F be a Furstenberg family (a collection of subsets of Z₊ with hereditary upward property). A point x∈X is called an F-transitive one if {n∈Z₊:Tnx∈U}∈F for every non-empty open subset U of X; the system (X,T) is called F-point transitive if there exists some F-transitive point. In this paper, we aim to classify transitive systems by F-point transitivity. Among other things, it is shown that (X,T) is a weakly mixing E-system (resp. weakly mixing M-system, HY-system) if and only if it is {D-sets}-point transitive (resp. {central sets}-point transitive, {weakly thick sets}-point transitive).It is shown that every weakly mixing system is Fip-point transitive, while we construct an Fip-point transitive system which is not weakly mixing. As applications, we show that every transitive system with dense small periodic sets is disjoint from every totally minimal system and a system is Δ^?(Fwt)-transitive if and only if it is weakly disjoint from every P-system.     

Chaos via Furstenberg family couple

In this paper we define (F₁,F₂)-chaos via Furstenberg family couple F₁ and F₂. It turns out that the Li-Yorke chaos and distributional chaos can be treated as chaos in Furstenberg families sense. Some sufficient conditions such that a system is the (F₁,F₂)-chaotic (Theorems 4.2 and 4.4) are given. In addition, we construct an example as an application. It is showed that the second type of distributional chaos cannot imply the first type of distributional chaos even though the scrambled set is uncountable.     

Omega-limit sets in hereditarily locally connected continua

In this paper we give a topological characterization of ω-limit sets in hereditarily locally connected continua. Moreover, we characterize also orbit-enclosing ω-limit sets in these spaces.     

Self-duality and codings for expansive automorphisms

Lind and Schmidt have shown that for certain ergodic Zk-actions on a compact abelian group Γ, the homoclinic group H is isomorphic to the Pontryagin dual of Γ. Einsiedler and Schmidt extended these results and showed that Γ is a quotient of a locally compact ring R modulo H. In this paper, we present a dynamical interpretation of R if k=1: it is a product of the stable group and the unstable group of Γ, under a suitable topology. As applications, we give a topological interpretation of the Pisot-Vijayaraghavan theorem and we link the results to tessellation theory.     

The ω-limit set of a graph map

Let G be a graph and be continuous. Denote by P(f), , ω(f) and Ω(f) the set of periodic points, the closure of the set of periodic points, ω-limit set and non-wandering set of f, respectively. In this paper we show that: (1) v∈ω(f) if and only if v∈P(f) or there exists an open arc L=(v,w) contained in some edge of G such that every open arc U=(v,c)⊂L contains at least 2 points of some trajectory; (2) v∈ω(f) if and only if every open neighborhood of v contains at least r+1 points of some trajectory, where r is the valence of v; (3) ; (4) if , then x has an infinite orbit.     

The transitivity of induced maps

For a metric continuum X, we consider the hyperspaces X² and C(X) of the closed and nonempty subsets of X and of subcontinua of X, respectively, both with the Hausdorff metric. For a given map we investigate the transitivity of the induced maps and . Among other results, we show that if X is a dendrite or a continuum of type λ and is a map, then C(f) is not transitive. However, if X is the Hilbert cube, then there exists a transitive map such that f² and C(f) are transitive.     

Choquet simplices as spaces of invariant probability measures on post-critical sets

A well-known consequence of the ergodic decomposition theorem is that the space of invariant probability measures of a topological dynamical system, endowed with the weak^∗ topology, is a non-empty metrizable Choquet simplex. We show that every non-empty metrizable Choquet simplex arises as the space of invariant probability measures on the post-critical set of a logistic map. Here, the post-critical set of a logistic map is the ω-limit set of its unique critical point. In fact we show the logistic map f can be taken in such a way that its post-critical set is a Cantor set where f   is minimal, and such that each invariant probability measure on this set has zero Lyapunov exponent, and is an equilibrium state for the potential −ln|f^′|$-\ln |f^{\prime }|$.     

Characterizing mixing, weak mixing and transitivity of induced hyperspace dynamical systems

Hyperspace dynamical system (E²,f²) induced by a given dynamical system (E,f) has been recently investigated regarding topological mixing, weak mixing and transitivity that characterize orbit structure. However, the Vietoris topology on E² employed in these studies is non-metrizable when E is not compact metrizable, e.g., E=Rn. Consequently, metric related dynamical concepts of (E²,f²) such as sensitivity on initial conditions and metric-based entropy, could not even be defined. Moreover, a condition on (E²,f²) equivalent to the transitivity of (E,f) has not been established in the literature. On the other hand, Hausdorff locally compact second countable spaces (HLCSC) appear naturally in dynamics. When E is HLCSC, the hit-or-miss topology on E² is again HLCSC, thus metrizable. In this paper, the concepts of co-compact mixing, co-compact weak mixing and co-compact transitivity are introduced for dynamical systems. For any HLCSC system (E,f), these three conditions on (E,f) are respectively equivalent to mixing, weak mixing and transitivity on (E²,f²) (hit-or-miss topology equipped). Other noticeable properties of co-compact mixing, co-compact weak mixing and co-compact transitivity such as invariants for topological conjugacy, as well as their relations to mixing, weak mixing and transitivity, are also explored.     

Minimal sets in compact connected subspaces

Let X be a topological space, f:X→X be a continuous map, and Y be a compact, connected and closed subset of X. In this paper we show that, if the boundary X_∂Y contains exactly one point v and f(v)∈Y, then Y contains a minimal set of f.     

Sharkovsky’s program for the classification of triangular maps is almost completed

For a continuous map of the interval, there are more than 50 conditions characterizing zero topological entropy. Some are applicable to the class of triangular maps (x,y)?(f(x),g_x(y)) of the square, but only a few of them are equivalent in this more general setting. In 1989, A.N. Sharkovsky posed the problem of proving or disproving all possible implications between them. During last 20 years, 32 conditions were considered, and most of the work was done. Only 45 relations out of 992 remained not clear. In this paper we give a survey of known results, provide two new examples disproving another 26 possible implications, and spell out the remaining 19 open problems; all but one concern distributional chaos.     

A Grobman-Hartman theorem for nonuniformly hyperbolic dynamics

We establish a version of the Grobman-Hartman theorem in Banach spaces for nonuniformly hyperbolic dynamics. We also consider the case of sequences of maps, which corresponds to a nonautonomous dynamics with discrete time. More precisely, we consider sequences of Lipschitz maps Am+fm such that the linear parts Am admit a nonuniform exponential dichotomy, and we establish the existence of a unique sequence of topological conjugacies between the maps Am+fm and Am. Furthermore, we show that the conjugacies are Hölder continuous, with Hölder exponent determined by the ratios of Lyapunov exponents with the same sign. To the best of our knowledge this statement appeared nowhere before in the published literature, even in the particular case of uniform exponential dichotomies, although some experts claim that it is well known in this case. We are also interested in the dependence of the conjugacies on the perturbations fm: we show that it is Hölder continuous, with the same Hölder exponent as the one for the conjugacies. We emphasize that the additional work required to consider the case of nonuniform exponential dichotomies is substantial. In particular, we need to consider several additional Lyapunov norms.     

Local equivalence relations

In this paper, we investigate the concept of local equivalence relation, a notion suggested by Grothendieck. A local equivalence relation on a topological space X is a global section of the sheaf of germs of equivalence relations on X. We investigate the extent to which a local equivalence relation can be described by a global one and analogously when can a global equivalence relation be recovered from its associated local one. We also look at the notion of a fiber map, which sheds further light on these concepts. A motivating example is that of a foliation on a manifold.