Property C. Wallman basis and S-metrizability

In this present paper we prove that every Lindelof space which has a perfect locally connected Hausdorff compactification, has property C. (This latter concept was introduced by R.F. Dickman Jr). We make clear that this class of Lindelöf spaces properly contains the class of paracompact, connected, locally compact and locally connected spaces, as well as the class of those spaces whose topology can be induced by a metric with property S (or S-metrizable spaces). In this fashion, we simultaneously generalize two previous results of Dickman on spaces with property C. The use of Wallman basis with certain connectedness properties turns out to be a very convenient tool in the construction of locally connected compactifications as well as in characterizing S-metrizable spaces.     

Shape fibrations and strong shape theory

The notion of shape fibration was introduced by Marde?i? and Rushing. In this paper we use ‘fibrant space’ techniques in strong shape theory to prove that every shape fibration p:E → B of compact metric spaces is contained in a map of fibrant spaces p′:E′→B′ which enjoys a certain lifting property and whose homotopy properties reflect the strong shape properties of the map p. Standard methods for studying Hurewicz fibrations are readily applied to the map p' and in this way we obtain a number of strong shape generalizations of results of Marde?i? and Rushing. We also prove the following theorem which answers a question of Rushing: A shape fibration of compact metric spaces which is a strong shape equivalence is an hereditary shape equivalence. Since the converse was known, this gives a characterization of hereditary shape equivalences.     

On isometrically universal spaces, mappings, and actions of groups

In this paper we first consider some well-known classes of separable metric spaces which are isometrically ω-saturated (see [S.D. Iliadis, Universal Spaces and Mappings, North-Holland Mathematics Studies, vol. 198, Elsevier, 2005, xvi+559]) and, therefore, contain isometrically universal spaces. We put some problems concerning such spaces most of which are related with the properties of the isometrically universal Urysohn space. Furthermore, using the defined notions of isometrically universal mappings and G-spaces (which are analogies of the notion of isometrically universal spaces) we introduce the notions of an isometrically ω-saturated class of mappings and an isometrically ω-saturated class of G-spaces (in which there are “many” isometrically universal elements). We prove that all results of Sections 6.1 and 7.1 of [S.D. Iliadis, Universal Spaces and Mappings, North-Holland Mathematics Studies, vol. 198, Elsevier, 2005, xvi+559] can be reformulated for isometrically ω-saturated classes of spaces and G-spaces, respectively. In particular, we prove that if D and R are isometrically ω-saturated classes of spaces, then the class of all mappings with the domain in D and range in R is an isometrically ω-saturated class of mappings and, therefore, in this class there are isometrically universal elements. As a corollary of this result we have that since the class of all mappings is isometrically ω-saturated, in this class there are isometrically universal mappings. Similarly, if G is an arbitrary separable metric group and P is an isometrically ω-saturated class of spaces, then the class of all G-spaces (X,F), where X is an element of P, is an isometrically ω-saturated class of G-spaces and, therefore, in this class there are isometrically universal elements. In particular, for any separable metric group G, in the class of all G-spaces there are isometrically universal G-spaces. We also pose some problems concerning isometrically universal mappings and G-spaces some of which concern the Urysohn space.     

Note on “Coupled fixed point theorems for contractions in fuzzy metric spaces”

In the paper “Coupled fixed point theorems for contractions in fuzzy metric spaces” by Sedghi et al. [S. Sedghi, I. Altun, N. Shobec, Coupled fixed point theorems for contractions in fuzzy metric spaces, Nonlinear Analysis 72 (2010) 1298-1304], a coupled common fixed point result was presented. However, our purpose is to show that this result and its proof are false. We give a counterexample and also explain how to correct this result. As a modification, we state and prove a coupled fixed point theorem under some hypotheses of fuzzy metric and t-norm.     

Pointwise bornological spaces

With each metric space (X,d) we can associate a bornological space (X,Bd) where Bd is the set of all subsets of X with finite diameter. Equivalently, Bd is the set of all subsets of X that are contained in a ball with finite radius. If the metric d can attain the value infinite, then the set of all subsets with finite diameter is no longer a bornology. Moreover, if d is no longer symmetric, then the set of subsets with finite diameter does not coincide with the set of subsets that are contained in a ball with finite radius. In this text we will introduce two structures that capture the concept of boundedness in both symmetric and non-symmetric extended metric spaces.     

On metric spaces and local extrema

The main aim of this paper is to give a positive answer to a question of Behrends, Geschke and Natkaniec regarding the existence of a connected metric space and a non-constant real-valued continuous function on it for which every point is a local extremum. Moreover we show that real-valued continuous functions on connected spaces such that every family of pairwise disjoint non-empty open sets is of size <|R| are constant provided that every point is a local extremum.     

Local connectedness and extension of uniformly continuous functions

A metric space X is straight if for each finite cover of X by closed sets, and for each real valued function f on X, if f is uniformly continuous on each set of the cover, then f is uniformly continuous on the whole of X. The straight spaces have been studied in [A. Berarducci, D. Dikranjan, J. Pelant, An additivity theorem for uniformly continuous functions, Topology and its Applications 146-147 (2005) 339-352], which contains characterization of the straight spaces within the class of the locally connected spaces (they are the uniformly locally connected ones) and the class of the totally disconnected spaces (they coincide with the totally disconnected Atsuji spaces). We show that the completion of a straight space is straight and we characterize the dense straight subspaces of a straight space. In order to clarify further the relation between straightness and the level of local connectedness of the space we introduce two more intermediate properties between straightness and uniform local connectedness and we give various examples to distinguish them. One of these properties coincides with straightness for complete spaces and provides in this way a useful characterization of complete straight spaces in terms of the behaviour of the quasi-components of the space.     

Coupled coincidence point theorems under contractive conditions in partially ordered probabilistic metric spaces

In this paper, we introduce the concept of a mixed g-monotone mapping and prove coupled coincidence and coupled common fixed point theorems under ?-contractive conditions for self-maps in partially ordered complete probabilistic metric spaces.     

Small Valdivia compact spaces

We prove a preservation theorem for the class of Valdivia compact spaces, which involves inverse sequences of retractions of a certain kind. Consequently, a compact space of weight?ℵ₁ is Valdivia compact iff it is the limit of an inverse sequence of metric compacta whose bonding maps are retractions. As a corollary, we show that the class of Valdivia compacta of weight?ℵ₁ is preserved both under retractions and under open 0-dimensional images. Finally, we characterize the class of all Valdivia compacta in the language of category theory, which implies that this class is preserved under all continuous weight preserving functors.     

Metric generalized inverse for linear manifolds and extremal solutions of linear inclusion in Banach spaces

Let X,Y be Banach spaces and M a linear manifold in X×Y={{x,y}∣x∈X,y∈Y}. The central problem which motivates many of the concepts and results of this paper is the problem of characterization and construction of all extremal solutions of a linear inclusion y∈M(x). First of all, concept of metric operator parts and metric generalized inverses for linear manifolds are introduced and investigated, and then, characterizations of the set of all extremal or least extremal solutions in terms of metric operator parts and metric generalized inverses of linear manifolds are given by the methods of geometry of Banach spaces. The principal tool in this paper is the generalized orthogonal decomposition theorem in Banach spaces.     

Homotopical properties of upper semifinite hyperspaces of compacta

In this paper we study homotopical properties of a special neighborhood system, which is denoted by {Uε}_?>0, for the canonical embedding of a compact metric space in its upper semifinite hyperspace to get results in the shape theory for compacta. We also point out that there are spaces with the shape of finite discrete spaces and having not the homotopy type of any T₁-space     

On the density of the space of continuous and uniformly continuous functions

For X a metrizable space and (Y,ρ) a metric space, with Y pathwise connected, we compute the density of (C(X,(Y,ρ)),σ)—the space of all continuous functions from X to (Y,ρ), endowed with the supremum metric σ. Also, for (X,d) a metric space and (Y,‖⋅‖) a normed space, we compute the density of (UC((X,d),(Y,ρ)),σ) (the space of all uniformly continuous functions from (X,d) to (Y,ρ), where ρ is the metric induced on Y by ‖⋅‖). We also prove that the latter result extends only partially to the case where (Y,ρ) is an arbitrary pathwise connected metric space.To carry such an investigation out, the notions of generalized compact and generalized totally bounded metric space, introduced by the author and A. Barbati in a former paper, turn out to play a crucial rôle. Moreover, we show that the first-mentioned concept provides a precise characterization of those metrizable spaces which attain their extent.     

Asymmetry and bicompletion of approach spaces

We develop a bicompletion theory for the category Ap₀ of T₀ approach spaces in the sense of Lowen [R. Lowen, Approach Spaces: The Missing Link in the Topology-Uniformity-Metric Triad, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1997], which extends the completion theory obtained in [R. Lowen, K. Robeys., Completions of products of metric spaces, Quart. J. Math. Oxford 43 (1991) 319-338] for the subcategory of Hausdorff uniform approach spaces. Moreover, we prove it to be firmly epireflective (in the sense of [G.C.L. Brümmer, E. Giuli, A categorical concept of completion of objects, Comment. Math. Univ. Carolin. 33 (1992) 131-147]) with respect to a certain morphism class of dense embeddings.     

Compact spaces generated by retractions

We study compact spaces which are obtained from metric compacta by iterating the operation of inverse limit of continuous sequences of retractions. This class, denoted by R, has been introduced in [M. Burke, W. Kubi?, S. Todor?evi?, Kadec norms on spaces of continuous functions, http://arxiv.org/abs/math.FA/0312013]. Allowing continuous images in the definition of class R, one obtains a strictly larger class, which we denote by RC. We show that every space in class RC is either Corson compact or else contains a copy of the ordinal segment ω₁+1. This improves a result of Kalenda from [O. Kalenda, Embedding of the ordinal segment [0,ω₁] into continuous images of Valdivia compacta, Comment. Math. Univ. Carolin. 40 (4) (1999) 777-783], where the same was proved for the class of continuous images of Valdivia compacta. We prove that spaces in class R do not contain cutting P-points (see the definition below), which provides a tool for finding spaces in RC?R. Finally, we study linearly ordered spaces in class RC. We prove that scattered linearly ordered compacta belong to RC and we characterize those ones which belong to R. We show that there are only 5 types (up to order isomorphism) of connected linearly ordered spaces in class R and all of them are Valdivia compact. Finally, we find a universal pre-image for the class of all linearly ordered Valdivia compacta.     

Duality for Lipschitz p-summing operators

Building upon the ideas of R. Arens and J. Eells (1956) [1] we introduce the concept of spaces of Banach-space-valued molecules, whose duals can be naturally identified with spaces of operators between a metric space and a Banach space. On these spaces we define analogues of the tensor norms of Chevet (1969) [3] and Saphar (1970) [14], whose duals are spaces of Lipschitz p-summing operators. In particular, we identify the dual of the space of Lipschitz p-summing operators from a finite metric space to a Banach space — answering a question of J. Farmer and W.B. Johnson (2009) [6] — and use it to give a new characterization of the non-linear concept of Lipschitz p-summing operator between metric spaces in terms of linear operators between certain Banach spaces. More generally, we define analogues of the norms of J.T. Lapresté (1976) [11], whose duals are analogues of A. Pietsch?s (p,r,s)-summing operators (A. Pietsch, 1980 [12]). As a special case, we get a Lipschitz version of (q,p)-dominated operators.     

Fixed point results for mappings satisfying (ψ φ)-weakly contractive condition in ordered partial metric spaces

In [18], Matthews introduced a new class of metric spaces, that is, the concept of partial metric spaces, or equivalently, weightable quasi-metrics, are investigated to generalize metric spaces (X, d), to develop and to introduce a new fixed point theory. In partial metric spaces, the self-distance for any point need not be equal to zero. In this paper, we study some results for single map satisfying (ψ,φ)-weakly contractive condition in partial metric spaces endowed with partial order. An example is given to support the useability of our results.     

Open finite-to-one images of metric spaces

We give a characterization of open finite-to-one images of metric spaces and apply this characterization in the investigation of open finite-to-one images of paracompact p-spaces.     

Convergence theorems, best approximation and best proximity for set-valued dynamic systems of relatively quasi-asymptotic contractions in cone uniform spaces

In cone uniform spaces X, using the concept of the D-family of cone pseudodistances, the distance between two not necessarily convex or compact sets A and B in X is defined, the concepts of cyclic and noncyclic set-valued dynamic systems of D-relatively quasi-asymptotic contractions T:A∪B→2^A∪B are introduced and the best approximation and best proximity point theorems for such contractions are proved. Also conditions are given which guarantee that for each starting point each generalized sequence of iterations of these contractions (in particular, each dynamic process) converges and the limit is a best proximity point. Moreover, D-families are constructed, characterized and compared. The results are new for set-valued and single-valued dynamic systems in cone uniform, cone locally convex and cone metric spaces. Various examples illustrating ideas, methods, definitions and results are constructed.