光系统Ⅱ核心天线的低温荧光光谱及动力学研究

采用稳态及飞秒荧光光谱技术研究了光系统Ⅱ中核心复合物在83 K、160 K和273 K低温下的能量传递途径.激发波长为507 nm.随着温度的升高,稳态荧光光谱逐渐发生蓝移.通过对不同温度下稳态光谱进行高斯解析,获得5个特征叶绿素a分子, 分别为Chl a670.4670, Chl a681.9680, Chl a683.9683, Chl a687.5,687.8,689687和Chl a698.0690,其中仅有Chl a687.5,687.8,689687在3个温度下的光谱中都解析获得,并且其谱宽以及荧光比例都随着温度升高而增加,因此推断温度对CP47中易裂解的叶绿素a分子有较大的影响.在680 nm以及690 nm波长处对不同温度下的时间曲线利用F900时间处理系统进行拟合,获得73 ps、 110 ps、 186 ps、 246~972 ps和1~3.7 ns 5个时间组分.其中, 73 ps是电荷分离的时间;110 ps和186 ps是β-Car分子受激发后,将激发能最终传递给反应中心所需要的时间;246~972 ps是电荷重组的时间过程;而1~3.7 ns是激发态分子发生电荷重组后又衰退回到基态的时间.73 ps的时间组分只在83 K温度下得到,因此,随着温度降低,可以探测到快的时间组分. 此外,对光谱随温度升高而发生蓝移进行了分析.     

The hybrid mode-locking of a cw Rhodamine 700 dye laser

Two saturable absorber dye solutions, HITCI and DOTCI, have been employed to provide hybrid mode-locking of a cw dye -aser operating over the 770–781 nm and 710–718 nm spectral ranges respectively. Pulses as short as 0.55 ps and 0.47 ps were obtained in these respective regions.     

Pico-second photoelectric characteristic in manganite oxide La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 films

Ultrafast photoelectric characteristic has been observed in La_0.67Ca_0.33MnO₃ films on tilted SrTiO₃ substrates. A pico-second (ps) open-circuit photovoltage of the perovskite manganese oxide films has been obtained when the films were irradiated by a 1.064μm laser pulse of 25 ps duration. The rise time and full width at half-maximum of the photovoltage pulse are ～300 ps and ～700 ps, respectively. The photovoltaic sensitivity was as large as ～500 mV/mJ.     

Single-pulse drilling study on Au,Al and Ti alloy by using a picosecond laser

Picosecond laser single pulse ablation of Au, Al and Ti alloy (Ti6Al4V) was experimentally investigated with a laser pulse width of 10 ps at a wavelength of 1064 nm for potential industrial micromachining applications. The diameters, depths and morphologies of the drilled craters were studied. Two novel phenomena were found: as hole diameters decreased with fluence, a change of slope of the trend line indicated a change in ablation mechanism for Al and Ti alloy, metallic materials with short electron-phonon coupling times (<10 ps), while Au showed no such transition: an isolated island structure was also observed on Au due to significant melt expulsion. A one-dimensional two-temperature model has been used to discriminate different ablation phenomena. It is shown that metallic materials with different electron–phonon coupling constant have different ablation characteristics in the ps regime. This study could be very helpful for metallic material micromachining with high repetition rate ps lasers pulses which indicates that high throughput may be achieved as well as good machining quality.     

PSⅡ颗粒二聚体中类胡萝卜素向反应中心传能研究

运用瞬态荧光光谱技术在77 K低温下对PSⅡ颗粒复合物中类胡萝卜素（Car）分子的能量传递过程进行研究, 通过不同激发波长473 nm, 481 nm, 507 nm选择性激发PSⅡ颗粒复合物中色素分子, 得到PSⅡ颗粒二聚体中关于Car能量传递的三组时间组分：16.6 ps, 130~183 ps, 217~249 ps. 其中16.6 ps反映了LHCⅡ中的Car分子将能量通过中间体Cars、Chls分子传递到Chl639的过程; 130~183 ps为核心天线中的β-Car分子向RC的能量传递时间; 217~249 ps为LHCⅡ中Car481通过中间Chla分子向RC的传能时间.     

色散补偿及高阶孤子压缩啁啾光脉冲的理论与实验研究

利用半导体激光器的单模速率方程及超短光脉冲在光纤中传输的非线性薛定谔(NLS)方程，从理论及实验上研究了增益开关DFB半导体激光器出射的啁啾光脉冲在色散补偿光纤(DCF)及色散位移光纤(DSF)中的压缩过程与规律.实验上，从1.55μm增益开关DFB半导体激光器出射的重复频率为2.5GHz、脉冲宽度为53.8ps的光脉冲经色散补偿光纤压缩至12ps,而后利用色散位移光纤中的高阶孤子压缩效应将脉冲压缩至2.5ps.改变色散位移光纤参数及入射光功率后获得最窄光脉冲宽度为2.1ps.理论与实验结果符合. 关键词：     

假根羽藻外周天线三聚体超快荧光动力学研究

通过对稳态、瞬态吸收谱以及瞬态荧光发射谱的测量分析得出：在三聚体内存在以下六个特征叶绿素分子Chl b628、Chl b646、Chl b654,657652、Chl a666664、Chl a677,680674、Chl a683682(下标为吸收峰,上标为发射峰).在波长为655 nm、666 nm、680 nm、683 nm时分别采用时间相干单光子技术(TCSPC)记录其荧光动力学谱.根据荧光产生的物理学机制,对这些荧光动力学谱的分析采用的是分子同时接受能量与耗散能量的指数模型,得出在离体的外周天线三聚体内,Chl b654,657652、Chl a666664、Chl a677,680674和Chla683682分子在接受Chlb628分子的传能时,大部分经过了Chlb646分子,传能时间发生在97~157ps的时间间隔内,可见Chlb646分子在外周天线三聚体中是连接Chlb和Chla传能的主要分子;Chl b654,657652…→Chl a666664…→Chl a677,680674…→Chl a683682分子依次传能的时间在10 ps左右,这种传递过程可归结为是处于激发态分子首先经过内转换后再将能量以Frster共振机制的形式传给了其它分子;大量小于1 ps 的传能过程是叶绿素分子之间以激子共振的方式进行直接传能;Chl b654,657652、Chl a666664、Chl a677,680674和Chl a683682分子以时间常量分别为1.44 ns, 1.43 ns, 636 ps, 713 ps发射荧光回到基态.     

Pulse properties of a synchronously mode-locked,cavity dumped,picosecond dye laser system

A synchronously mode-locked, cavity-dumped picosecond dye laser is described. The structure and intensity of the picosecond pulses measured under different conditions are reported. It was found that the structure of the pulses from the synchronously pumped dye laser depends critically on the length of the Ar⁺ laser pulses. At the shortest Ar⁺ laser pulses of about 70 ps the dye pulses are as short as 1.1 ps. With Ar⁺ laser pulses of 200 ps the dye laser pulses contains a broad satellite pulse which contains a large fraction of the total intensity. When a cavity dumper is added to the system one gets dye laser pulses 15–20 ps long with a substructure, which indicates incomplete mode-locking. Well mode-locked 1.5–2.0 ps pulses were obtained in the red part of the dye laser action spectrum, i.e. 620–650 nm for R6G, 595–608 nm for R 110 and 657–662 nm for RB, respectively. Addition of mode-locking dyes also improved the pulse quality at some wavelengths.     

双短脉冲驱动的瞬态电子碰撞激发类镍银13.9 nm X光激光

 研究了两个皮秒短脉冲驱动的瞬态电子碰撞激发类镍银13.9 nm X光激光,考察了脉宽分别为1,2,3 ps驱动的情况,分别给出了输出X光激光的角分布特性。模拟表明,(330 ps, 1 ps, 1 ps)驱动条件下,第二短脉冲延迟约500 ps,可以充分利用临界面附近的高增益。通过与相同长脉冲条件下单短脉冲驱动的结果相比较,分析了第一个短脉冲的作用及双脉冲驱动的优点。     

Femtosecond transient reflection from polymer surfaces during femtosecond UV photoablation

A subpicosecond KrF laser system (248 nm, 0.5 ps) was used as a light source for ablation of PMMA Mylar and Kapton. The time-dependent reflectivity of the light-induced plasma mirror as measured by 496 nm, 0.5 ps long probe pulses showed an increase of up to 94% with 0.4–1 ps rise time and 10–15 ps fall time. The highdensity plasma mirror shows perfect optical quality, and seems to be a promising light-controlled ultrafast switch for UV and visible light. The spectrum of the UV light reflected from the ablated spot is blue shifted by 0.5 nm and shows 1 nm broadening.     

Characteristics of perfluorinated amine media for stimulated Brillouin scattering in hundreds of picoseconds pulse compression at 532 nm

The characteristics of stimulated Brillouin scattering(SBS) in perfluorinated amine media and the experimental structure used in hundreds of picoseconds pulse compression at 532 nm are demonstrated. A two-stage SBS pulse compression structure is adopted for this work. The compact double-cell SBS compression structure and the scattering media FC-70 are chosen to compress the incident light from 9.5 to about 1 ns in the first stage. Then,the light is used as the pumping source for the second pulse compression. In the second stage, using a single-cell SBS structure in a pulse compression system, perfluorinated amine media with different phonon lifetimes, such as FC-3283, FC-40, FC-43, and FC-70, are chosen to run the comparative experimental study. The narrowest compressed pulse times obtained are 294, 274, 277, and 194 ps; they respectively correspond to the above listed media. The average width of the compressed pulse width is 320 ps for FC-3283, with a fluctuation range of87 ps. For FC-40, the average pulse width is 320 ps, with a fluctuation range of 72 ps. And for FC-43, the average pulse width is 335 ps, with a fluctuation range of 88 ps. However, the average pulse width is only 280 ps for FC-70, with a fluctuation range of 57 ps. The highest energy reflectivity is more than 80% for all of the media. The experimental results show that a two-stage SBS pulse compression system has lower pump energy requirements, thus making it easier to achieve a compressed pulse waveform. The results also show that the shorter the phonon lifetime of the medium, the narrower the obtained compressed pulse width.     

A comparison of ns and ps steam laser cleaning of Si surfaces

We report a quantitative investigation on the efficiency of the steam laser cleaning process using ns and ps pulses. Well-characterized polymer particles with a diameter of 800 nm dispersed on commercial Si wafers were chosen as a modeling contaminant system. As a result of our investigation, we show for the first time the feasibility of performing efficient steam laser cleaning with ps laser pulses and compare the achieved efficiency with the one obtained for ns pulses. For ns pulses, we found a cleaning fluence threshold of 50 mJ/cm² that is independent of the pulse durations (2.5 ns and 8 ns) and the wavelengths (532 nm and 583 nm) used. The application of ps pulses (FWHM=30 ps, 5=583 nm) lowered this threshold to 20 mJ/cm². Both cleaning thresholds are far below the melting thresholds for these laser parameters. Cleaning efficiencies >90% were reached for both pulse durations.     

A novel method for chromatic-dispersion monitoring

A novel method for chromatic-dispersion monitoring based on PM–AM conversion is presented. A nonlinear element (NLE) was used as phase-modulator to improve the monitoring performance. The method was investigated numerically and experimentally for 40-Gbit/s signals in NRZ/RZ and CSRZ formats. The monitoring range was enlarged to 1670 ps/nm, and the monitoring sensitivity was improved to 0.012 dB/(ps/nm) for the NRZ signal. The corresponding values for the RZ50 signal were 680 ps/nm and 0.0046 dB/(ps/nm), respectively, and, for the CSRZ signal, 620 ps/nm and 0.0092 dB/(ps/nm), respectively.     

LD调制有理数谐波锁模光纤激光器

本文将F-PLD与环形光纤激光器结合起来,以LD作为调制器,得到高稳定单波长超短光脉冲序列.与工作在增益开关状态的LD相比,平均输出功率提高到2mW,脉冲宽度压窄到47ps.并利用有理数谐波锁模技术,得到重复频率5GHz(5阶有理数谐波锁模)的锁模脉冲,脉冲宽度略有展宽为49ps.     

SmFeAsO材料的正电子寿命研究

首次用正电子湮灭寿命谱仪（PALS）测量SmFeAsO多晶样品常温下的寿命谱,得到两个寿命成分1516 ps和2903 ps,根据捕获模型得到正电子在SmFeAsO中湮灭的体寿命为1870 ps,与理论计算（广义梯度近似）得到的SmFeAsO单晶中的正电子体寿命173 ps符合较好.基于中性原子叠加模型-有限差分方法(SNA-FD)的理论计算得到正电子与单晶SmFeAsO中各个原子价电子的总湮灭率是其与各个原子核心内层电子总湮灭率的106倍,正电子与Fe,As,Sm,O原子的电子湮灭的概率之比是1∶13∶12∶1. 关键词： 高温超导 正电子寿命     

色散补偿和色散位移光纤实现光脉冲压缩

根据超短光脉冲在光纤中传输的非线性薛定谔方程，模拟了不同色散参量情况下色散补偿和色散位移光纤对增益开关半导体激光器产生的光脉冲的压缩，给出了光脉冲在经过色散补偿光纤前后的啁啾曲线。结果表明，使用色散参量D分别为-150，-180和-20ps/(nm·km)的色散补偿光纤可以实现其他脉冲压缩方法的压缩效果，最大压缩因子达到6.09，但色散参量越大，所需光纤长度就越短。此外，脉冲经过色散补偿光纤后线性啁啾几乎为零。还利用色散位移光纤对脉冲进行孤子压缩，脉冲宽度由最初的45ps减小到1.23ps。指出采用这2种光纤相结合的方法可以对光脉冲实现高效压缩。     

Ni原子双飞秒脉冲激光诱导击穿光谱的信号增强研究

在大气环境下采用波长为800nm,脉宽为30fs的飞秒激光研究了Ni的双脉冲激光诱导击穿光谱,与单飞秒脉冲激光诱导击穿光谱相比,双飞秒脉冲在最优的双脉冲相对延时下,其信号强度增强接近10倍,实验研究了双脉冲相对延时在0-1300ps范围内不同延时对激光诱导击穿光谱信号强度增强因子的影响。整个相对延时区域可以分为三个阶段：在0-50ps区域内信号增强因子是一个持续增大的过程,在50ps左右,达到一个最大值;在50-300ps区域内,信号增强因子呈现出一个先下降后上升的过程;在300-1300ps,信号增强因子基本保持不变。     

Spins and level widths determined by nuclear resonance fluorescence measurements on75As

The lifetimes of the 822, 865 and 1075 keV levels in⁷⁵As, as well as the spins of the latter two levels, were determined by resonant scattering of gamma rays. The primary radiation from 3000 and 5000 Ci⁶⁰Co sources was Compton scattered to produce gamma radiation of the desired energy for photo-excitation in⁷⁵As. The lifetimes of the three levels were found to be 2.00 ps, 0.60 ps and 0.32 ps respectively. The angular distributions of the resonantly scattered radiation from the 865 keV and 1075 keV levels are consistent with spins of 5/2 and 3/2 respectively. Lifetime values are compared with excited-core model calculations.     

Ni原子双飞秒脉冲激光诱导击穿光谱的信号增强研究

在大气环境下采用波长为800nm,脉宽为30fs的飞秒激光研究了Ni的双脉冲激光诱导击穿光谱,与单飞秒脉冲激光诱导击穿光谱相比,双飞秒脉冲在最优的双脉冲相对延时下,其信号强度增强接近10倍,实验研究了双脉冲相对延时在0-1300ps范围内不同延时对激光诱导击穿光谱信号强度增强因子的影响。整个相对延时区域可以分为三个阶段：在0-50ps区域内信号增强因子是一个持续增大的过程,在50ps左右,达到一个最大值;在50-300ps区域内,信号增强因子呈现出一个先下降后上升的过程;在300-1300ps,信号增强因子基本保持不变。     

混合分子聚集体有机纳米材料中相干与非相干皮秒脉冲累积光子回波

用双调制(斩波器和驻波调制器)和外差检测累积光子回波技术,研究了PIC-I和azaPIC-I混合分子集体有机纳米材料中一维Frenkel激子的位相弛豫过程.观测到激子失相时间T2随azaPIC-I克分子数的增大从60ps变为224ps.这与在含能量陷阱的分子聚集体中激子失相时间T2随陷阱的增加而变短的现象刚好相反.并且对在脉宽为4ps和相于时间为1ps的相干脉冲和非相干脉冲的不同激发条件下的实验结果进行了分析和讨论.