Dynamics of a predator–prey model with disease in the predator

The present investigation deals with a predator–prey model with disease that spreads among the predator species only. The predator species is split out into two groups—the susceptible predator and the infected predator both of which feeds on prey species. The stability and bifurcation analyses are carried out and discussed at length. On the basis of the normal form theory and center manifold reduction, the explicit formulae are derived to determine stability and direction of Hopf bifurcating periodic solution. An extensive quantitative analysis has been performed in order to validate the applicability of our model under consideration. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Stability and Hopf bifurcation in a predator–prey model with stage structure for the predator

A predator–prey system with stage structure for the predator and time delay due to the gestation of the predator is investigated. By analyzing the corresponding characteristic equations, the local stability of a positive equilibrium and two boundary equilibria of the system is discussed, respectively. Further, the existence of a Hopf bifurcation at the positive equilibrium is also studied. By using an iteration technique and comparison argument, respectively, sufficient conditions are derived for the global stability of the positive equilibrium and one of the boundary equilibria of the proposed system. As a result, the threshold is obtained for the permanence and extinction of the system. Numerical simulations are carried out to illustrate the main results.     

A predator–prey system with a stage structure for the prey

This paper considers a periodic predator–prey system where the prey has a life history that takes the prey through two stages: immature and mature. We provide a sufficient and necessary condition to guarantee permanence of the system. It is shown that the system is permanent if and only if the growth of the predator by foraging the prey minus its death rate is positive on average during the period.     

An impulsive ratio-dependent predator–prey system with diffusion

We investigate the predator–prey system with diffusion, when biological and environmental parameters are assumed to change in periodical manner over time. The system is affected by impulses which can be considered as a control. Conditions for the permanence of the predator–prey system and for the existence of a unique globally stable periodic solutions are obtained.     

An impulsive predator–prey model with disease in the prey for integrated pest management

In this paper, an impulsive predator–prey model with disease in the prey is investigated for the purpose of integrated pest management. In the first part of the main results, we get the sufficient condition for the global stability of the susceptible pest-eradication periodic solution. This means if the release amount of infective prey and predator satisfy the condition, then the pest will be doomed. In the second part of the main results, we also get the sufficient condition for the permanence of the system. This means if the release amount of infective prey and predator satisfy the condition, then the prey and the predator will coexist. In the last section, we interpret our mathematical results. We also point out some possible future work.     

Periodic solutions for discrete predator–prey systems with the Beddington–DeAngelis functional response

Sufficient criteria are established for the existence of positive periodic solutions of discrete nonautonomous predator–prey systems with the Beddington–DeAngelis functional response using a continuation theorem.     

Delay induced oscillation in predator–prey system with Beddington–DeAngelis functional response

The Beddington–DeAngelis predator–prey system with distributed delay is studied in this paper. At first, the positive equilibrium and its local stability are investigated. Then, with the mean delay as a bifurcation parameter, the system is found to undergo a Hopf bifurcation. The bifurcating periodic solutions are analyzed by means of the normal form and center manifold theorems. Finally, numerical simulations are also given to illustrate the results.     

Permanence of variable coefficients predator–prey system with stage structure

We studied a finite delay predator–prey model with stage structure for predator. By analyzing right hand of function and the standard comparison theorem, some new sufficient conditions are derived for the permanence of population and some biological explanations are made.     

Extinction and permanence in delayed stage-structure predator–prey system with impulsive effects

Based on the classical stage-structured model and Lotka–Volterra predator–prey model, an impulsive delayed differential equation to model the process of periodically releasing natural enemies at fixed times for pest control is proposed and investigated. We show that the conditions for global attractivity of the ‘pest-extinction’ (‘prey-eradication’) periodic solution and permanence of the population of the model depend on time delay. We also show that constant maturation time delay and impulsive releasing for the predator can bring great effects on the dynamics of system by numerical analysis. As a result, the pest maturation time delay is considered to establish a procedure to maintain the pests at an acceptably low level in the long term. In this paper, the main feature is that we introduce time delay and pulse into the predator–prey (natural enemy-pest) model with age structure, exhibit a new modelling method which is applied to investigate impulsive delay differential equations, and give some reasonable suggestions for pest management.     

Stability and Hopf bifurcation in a ratio-dependent predator–prey system with stage structure

A ratio-dependent predator–prey model with stage structure for the predator and time delay due to the gestation of the predator is investigated. By analyzing the characteristic equations, the local stability of a positive equilibrium and a boundary equilibrium is discussed, respectively. Further, it is proved that the system undergoes a Hopf bifurcation at the positive equilibrium when τ = τ₀. By using an iteration technique, sufficient conditions are derived for the global attractivity of the positive equilibrium. By comparison arguments, sufficient conditions are obtained for the global stability of the boundary equilibrium. Numerical simulations are carried out to illustrate the main results.     

An impulsive predator–prey system with modified Leslie–Gower and Holling type II schemes

An impulsive predator–prey system with modified Leslie–Gower and Holling-type II schemes is presented. By using the Floquet theory of impulsive equation and small amplitude perturbation method, the globally asymptotical stability of prey-free positive periodic solution and the permanence of system are discussed. The corresponding threshold conditions are obtained respectively. Finally, numerical simulations are given.     

Periodicity in a generalized semi-ratio-dependent predator–prey system with time delays and impulses

With the help of a continuation theorem based on coincidence degree theory, we establish necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of positive periodic solutions in a generalized semi-ratio-dependent predator–prey system with time delays and impulses, which covers many models appeared in the literature. When the results reduce to the semi-ratio-dependent predator–prey system without impulses, they generalize and improve some known ones.     

Existence of periodic solutions in predator–prey and competition dynamic systems

In this paper, we systematically explore the periodicity of some dynamic equations on time scales, which incorporate as special cases many population models (e.g., predator–prey systems and competition systems) in mathematical biology governed by differential equations and difference equations. Easily verifiable sufficient criteria are established for the existence of periodic solutions of such dynamic equations, which generalize many known results for continuous and discrete population models when the time scale is chosen as or , respectively. The main approach is based on a continuation theorem in coincidence degree theory, which has been extensively applied in studying existence problems in differential equations and difference equations but rarely applied in dynamic equations on time scales. This study shows that it is unnecessary to explore the existence of periodic solutions of continuous and discrete population models in separate ways. One can unify such studies in the sense of dynamic equations on general time scales.     

Persistence and global stability in a delayed predator–prey system with Michaelis–Menten type functional response

A delayed three-species predator–prey food-chain model with Michaelis–Menten type functional response is investigated. It is proved that the system is uniformly persistent under some appropriate conditions. By means of constructing suitable Lyapunov functional, sufficient conditions are derived for the global asymptotic stability of the positive equilibrium of the system.     

Permanence and stability of an Ivlev-type predator–prey system with impulsive control strategies

In this paper, we study a predator–prey system with an Ivlev-type functional response and impulsive control strategies containing a biological control (periodic impulsive immigration of the predator) and a chemical control (periodic pesticide spraying) with the same period, but not simultaneously. We find conditions for the local stability of the prey-free periodic solution by applying the Floquet theory of an impulsive differential equation and small amplitude perturbation techniques to the system. In addition, it is shown that the system is permanent under some conditions by using comparison results of impulsive differential inequalities. Moreover, we add a forcing term into the prey population’s intrinsic growth rate and find the conditions for the stability and for the permanence of this system.     

Multiple periodic solutions in delayed Gause-type ratio-dependent predator–prey systems with non-monotonic numerical responses

By using a continuation theorem based on coincidence degree theory, we establish easily verifiable criteria for the existence of multiple periodic solutions in delayed Gause-type ratio-dependent predator–prey systems with numerical responses. As corollaries, some applications are listed.     

Analysis of a predator–prey model with modified Leslie–Gower and Holling-type II schemes with time delay

Two-dimensional delayed continuous time dynamical system modeling a predator–prey food chain, and based on a modified version of Holling type-II scheme is investigated. By constructing a Liapunov function, we obtain a sufficient condition for global stability of the positive equilibrium. We also present some related qualitative results for this system.     

Positive periodic solution of two-species ratio-dependent predator–prey system with time delay in two-patch environment

In this paper, we are concerned with the existence of positive periodic solution to a class of two-species ratio-dependent predator–prey diffusion model with time delay. By using the continuation theorem of coincidence degree theory, we transform this problem into a problem of calculating the topological degree of a continuous mapping, and then some sufficient conditions of the existence of positive periodic solution is established for the system.     

Complicated dynamics of a predator–prey system with Watt-type functional response and impulsive control strategy

Based on the classical predator–prey system with Watt-type functional response, an impulsive differential equations to model the process of periodic perturbations on the predator at different fixed time for pest control is proposed and investigated. It proves that there exists a globally asymptotically stable prey-eradication periodic solution when the impulse period is less than some critical value, and otherwise, the system can be permanent. Numerical results show that the system considered has more complicated dynamics involving quasi-periodic oscillation, narrow periodic window, wide periodic window, chaotic bands, period doubling bifurcation, symmetry-breaking pitchfork bifurcation, period-halving bifurcation and “crises”, etc. It will be useful for studying the dynamic complexity of ecosystems.     

Uniform persistence of asymptotically periodic multispecies competition predator–prey systems with Holling III type functional response

In this paper, we studied the persistence of the asymptotically periodic multispecies competition predator–prey system with Holling III type functional response. Further, by use of the Standard Comparison Theorem, we improved the results of paper [C. Chen, F. Chen, Conditions for global attractivity of multispecies ecological competition-predator system with Holling III type functional response, Journal of Biomathematics 19(2) (2004) 136–140].