静电纺丝法制备纳米抗菌纤维的研究进展

纳米抗菌材料是防止细菌等致病微生物对人们生产、生活的破坏而发展起来的一类新型材料.在纳米抗菌材料的众多制备方法中,静电纺丝是一种成本低,工艺可控的技术,制备的纳米纤维具有比表面积大、孔隙率高、纤维均匀等特点.本文作者首先简述了静电纺丝技术以及该技术制备纳米抗菌纤维材料的特点;接着按照菌剂种类不同,对静电纺丝技术制备的抗菌纤维材料进行归类,将其分为无机抗菌纤维材料、天然抗菌纤维材料和复合抗菌纤维材料3类,并对其研究进展进行了评述;最后对静电纺丝技术制备纳米抗菌纤维的研究现状进行了总结与展望.     

静电纺丝法制备超细聚苯乙烯纳米纤维

采用静电纺丝方法制备了超细聚苯乙烯纤维, 通过向溶液中添加有机胺盐并降低溶液浓度将纤维的平均直径降至100 nm, 并研究了盐的添加量对纤维直径的影响.     

静电纺丝法制备纤维素纳米纤维的研究进展

纤维素纳米纤维很好的结合了纤维素的重要属性和纳米材料的各项特性,但纤维素大分子之间存在大量氢键,使得纤维素较难溶于普通溶剂,导致通过静电纺丝法直接制备纤维素纳米纤维具有一定的难度.而先采用静电纺丝法制备纤维素衍生物纳米纤维,再对纤维素衍生物纳米纤维进行水解也是制备纤维素纳米纤维的一种有效方法.本文对近年来这两种纤维素纳米纤维制备方法的研究进行了综述,并对静电纺制备纤维素纳米纤维的发展前景做出了展望.     

ZnO纳米纤维的静电纺丝及其光催化性能的研究

以聚乙烯醇溶液为络合剂与醋酸锌反应制得前驱体溶液,采用静电纺丝法制备PVA/Zn(Ac)2复合纳米纤维,经过高温煅烧得到直径为100 nm的ZnO纳米纤维,采用差热-热重分析、红外光谱分析、X射线粉末衍射分析及扫描电镜等手段对其进行了表征.光催化降解酸性品红溶液的实验结果表明,太阳光照65 min使质量浓度为45 mg/L酸性品红水溶液的脱色率达93%;另外,重复使用ZnO纳米纤维4次之后,其光催化降解率仍能达到70%以上.这充分说明ZnO纳米纤维具有良好的光催化性能.     

静电纺丝制备杯芳烃功能化纳米纤维的应用

静电纺丝技术是制备连续微纳米纤维的一种简单易行且高效的方法,所制备的纳米纤维因其独特的结构尺寸和广泛的应用领域而备受材料科学界的青睐。 作为第三代超分子主体化合物的杯芳烃及其衍生物因其独特的分子结构、优异的离子选择识别性和吸附性能而显示出广阔的应用前景。 本文简述了静电纺丝制备杯芳烃功能化纳米纤维的原理,系统地探讨了其作为吸附剂和催化剂载体的应用以及静电纺丝与杯芳烃相结合的优势。 讨论了目前静电纺丝制备杯芳烃功能化纳米纤维存在的问题,对未来的发展方向进行展望。     

静电纺丝制备图案化无机纳米纤维

静电纺丝技术近几年在制备纳米纤维领域得到了广泛的应用,被认为是批量制备纳米纤维材料最简单有效的方法。本文综述了近几年高压静电纺丝技术制备图案化无机物纳米纤维的纺丝装置和过程,特别详细综述了纺丝过程中纤维直径的变化,利用带电流体动力学(EHD)理论推导出纤维直径变化的运动方程,并对方程进行一定程度的修订,以符合电纺无机物纳米纤维直径的变化;并综述了取向纳米纤维、中空纳米纤维、壳-核结构纳米纤维、纳米线、纳米带、纳米管及多层次结构纳米纤维的构建及其基本性能。最后对电纺制备图案化无机纳米纤维未来发展方向,特别是功能化多层次结构电纺无机纳米纤维制备进行了展望。     

静电纺丝法制备MgO纳米纤维

以聚乙烯醇(PVA)作为络合剂与醋酸镁反应制得前驱体，采用静电纺丝法制得聚乙烯醇(PVA)／醋酸镁复合纤维，经焙烧后得到分布均匀、具有较高比表面积和多孔结构的。MgO纳米纤维．对所制得的纳米纤维的结晶度、纯度和表面形貌，分别采用X射线粉末衍射、差热一热重分析(TG-DTA)、红外光谱(IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)等分析测试手段进行了表征．结果表明，煅烧温度对纳米纤维的结晶度和形貌有很大影响．     

静电纺丝中空纳米纤维在催化领域的应用

更大的比表面积、更丰富的界面组成及更高效的传质路径是构筑多元催化体系,实现催化剂效率提升的关键.中空纳米纤维具有的多元空腔结构赋予其比表面积和界面组成上广阔的调变空间,使其成为制备高效异相催化剂的理想平台.静电纺丝技术的发展为中空纳米纤维的可控制备提供了更简易高效的方法,促进了中空纳米纤维的结构创新和应用扩展.本文从构筑策略、结构特点及结构与性能的对应关系3个角度总结了基于静电纺丝法制备的不同组成和形态的中空纳米纤维材料在催化领域(包括光催化、电催化、热催化)应用中的独特优势.首先展示了创新的静电纺丝方法结合后续工艺制备的中空纳米纤维的不同结构形态,然后梳理了基于中空纳米纤维构筑高效催化剂的研究进展,最后展望了中空纳米纤维在催化领域应用的未来发展趋势,以期为高效异相催化剂的设计提供有益的参考.     

取向静电纺丝纳米纤维的制备及应用研究进展

简单描述了静电纺丝的基本装置、原理;为制得高性能的取向纳米纤维,对静电纺丝中出现的不稳定性进行了研究,介绍了三种不稳定状况,并分析了其产生原因.列举了通过改变接收装置、控制电场和附加磁场等方法,改进静电纺丝技术来制取连续取向的纳米纤维,并对各种方法进行了简单的评价,指出磁化静电纺丝(MES)是目前制备取向纳米纤维最具有发展前景的方法.简要介绍了取向纳米纤维在生物组织工程领域方面的应用,并对其未来作了展望.     

Electrospun Polyacrylonitrile Nanofibrous Membranes for Point-of-Use Water and Air Cleaning

Novel electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibrous membranes were prepared by using heat-press lamination under various conditions. The air permeability and the burst-pressure tests were run to select the membranes for point-of-use air and water cleaning. Membrane characterization was performed by using scanning electron microscopy, contact angle, and average pore size measurements. Selected membranes were used for both air dust filtration and cross-flow water filtration tests. Air dust filter results indicated that electrospun PAN nanofibrous membranes showed very high air-dust filtration efficiency of more than 99.99 % in between PM_0.3 and PM_2.5, whereas cross-flow filtration test showed very high water permeability over 600 L/(m²hbar) after 6 h of operation. Combining their excellent efficiency and water permeability, these membranes offer an ideal solution to filter both air and water pollutants.     

静电纺氧化锰复合碳纳米纤维柔性膜的电化学性能

采用一步法静电纺丝技术制备了具有超亲水特性的氧化锰/碳纳米纤维(MnO_x/CNFs)复合柔性膜电极材料,并通过X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜等对复合材料进行了表征.电化学性能测试结果表明,复合材料的电容性能优于单一材料,醋酸锰质量分数为40%时制得的复合纳米纤维电极(MC-4)在1 A/g电流密度下,于2 mol/L KOH电解液中的比电容高达1112.5 F/g,10 A/g电流密度下循环3000次比容量保持在93.4%,具有很好的稳定性.MnO_x/CNFs复合材料电化学性能增强一方面是由于三维超亲水纤维膜结构有利于电解液的快速浸润渗透,从而极大缩短了传输到材料基质的有效路径;另一方面是由于碳和MnO_x的协同效应,包裹在MnO_x粒子周围的碳层避免了MnO_x在充放电过程中的体积膨胀效应,这2种叠加机制促进了电化学性能的提升.     

Carbon Nanotube‐Adsorbed Electrospun Nanofibrous Membranes of Nylon 6

Summary: A simple and mass‐producible method was developed to densely assemble multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) onto electrospun nylon 6 nanofibrous membranes. The process consists of dispersing the acid‐treated MWNTs in surfactant solutions or organic solvents, and dipping the nanofibrous membranes in the resulting dispersion for only 60 seconds, followed by the extraction of the surfactants in pure water and drying. The conductivity of the MWNT‐adsorbed nanofibrous membranes ranges from 2.2 × 10⁻² to 1.5 × 10⁻¹ S · cm⁻¹, as determined by the four probe method, which implies that the MWNTs are adsorbed uniformly and densely along the nanofibrous membranes. Furthermore, the results suggest that there is a strong interaction between the acid‐treated MWNTs and nylon 6. We also investigate the amount of MWNTs present in the membranes using thermogravimetric analysis.

SEM images of the non‐woven fibrous nylon 6 membranes after dip‐coating in a dispersion of the MWNTs in surfactant‐containing water.     

Electrospun Nanofibrous Adsorption Membranes for Wastewater Treatment: Mechanical Strength Enhancement

Functional nanofibrous membranes fabricated by electrospinning technology have attracted much attention in the removal of heavy metal ions from contaminated wastewater. The high specific surface area, high porosity and ease of functionality create an enhanced throughput and high adsorption capacity of the nanofibrous membrane. However, the relatively poor mechanical properties of the membrane with a non-woven nanofibrous structure are one of the major concerns, which can limit the applications in wastewater treatment. Different strategies and methodologies were explored to address the problems and were reviewed in this work, highlighting the possibilities of overcoming the poor mechanical properties of the nanofibrous membrane and to ensure the recyclability and reusability of the membrane during the adsorption process.     

Nanofibrous Membranes Containing Carbon Nanotubes: Electrospun for Redox Enzyme Immobilization

Summary: Nanofibrous membranes that possess reactive groups are fabricated by the electrospinning process from PANCAA solutions that contain MWCNTs. Field emission scanning electron microscopy is used to evaluate the morphology and diameter of the nanofibers. Potentials for applying these nanofibrous membranes to immobilize redox enzymes by covalent bonding are explored. It is envisaged that the electrospun nanofibrous membranes could provide a large specific area and the MWCNTs could donate/accept electrons for the immobilized redox enzymes. Results indicate that, after blending with MWCNTs, the diameter of the PANCAA nanofiber increases slightly. The PANCAA/MWCNT nanofibrous membranes immobilize more enzymes than that without MWCNTs. Moreover, as the concentration of the MWCNTs increases, the activity of the immobilized catalase is enhanced by about 42%, which is mainly attributed to the promoted electron transfer through charge‐transfer complexes and the π system of MWCNTs.

The covalent immobilization of redox enzymes, such as catalase, on a PANCAA/MWCNTs nanofiber.     

聚乙丙交酯电纺纳米纤维膜的等离子体改性及性能研究

采用等离子体表面处理的方法, 通过正交实验设计, 以纤维膜表面引入的氮含量为响应变量, 确定了NH3等离子体改性PLGA电纺纤维膜的最佳条件, 并在PLGA纤维膜表面成功地引入了功能性氨基基团. 研究结果表明, 改性后PLGA电纺纤维膜的力学性能有所降低, 但表面亲水性明显增强.     

High Performance Electrospun Polynaphthalimide Nanofibrous Membranes with Excellent Resistance to Chemically Harsh Conditions

Polynaphthalimide (PNI) with six-membered imide ring (6-PI) has better chemical resistance than five-membered imide ring (5-PI),but is difficult to be processed into nanofibers due to the poor processability.In this work,we proposed a template strategy to fabricate nanofiber 6-PI membranes and their composite membranes.Neat 6-PI and 6-PI composite fibrous membranes were prepared using high-molecular-weight polymers 5-PAA and PVP as templates by electrospinning.FTIR,DMA,TGA and tensile tests were used to characterize their chemical structures,thermal stability and mechanical properties.Further eye-observation,micro-morphology investigation and tensile tests were applied to evaluate the chemical resistance of nanofibrous membranes in strong acid,strong alkaline,and concentrated salt.The results demonstrated that 6-PI nanofibrous membranes possessed the best thermal stability,best acid,alkaline,and salt resistance with the highest mechanical retention.This study will provide basic information for high-performance electrospun 6-PI nanofiber membranes and provide opportunities for applications of PIs in different chemically harsh environments.     

天然高分子静电纺丝水处理膜的研究进展

膜分离技术具有高效、节能、选择性好、操作简单等优点,是目前非常流行的水处理技术,有着巨大的应用前景.静电纺丝纳米纤维膜以其高孔隙率、孔径均匀、比表面积大、易于制备等独特性能已成为膜分离技术的重要发展方向.本文综述了一维纳米结构、核壳和中空结构以及多级结构静电纺丝纳米纤维材料的制备原理、结构和性能,着重介绍了以天然高分子...     

Electrospun PVA Nanofibrous Membranes Reinforced with Silver Nanoparticles Impregnated Cellulosic Fibers: Morphology and Antibacterial Property

To enhance the mechanical and antibacterial properties of silver nanoparticle impregnated cellulosic fibers, carboxy-cellulose nanocrystals(CCNs) were grafted with chitooligosaccharide(COS), which was used as a stabilizer for silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Nanofibrous membranes reinforced with silver nanoparticle impregnated cellulosic fibers(CCN-COS-AgNP) were prepared via electrospinning using polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) as a matrix. The effects of CCN-COS-AgNP contents on the morphology, surface composition, mechanical properties, and antibacterial performances of the prepared CCN-COS-AgNP/PVA membranes were examined. The addition of CCN-COS-AgNP certainly improved the mechanical properties and antibacterial performances of the PVA nanofibers. The tensile strength was significantly increased from 4.40 MPa to 8.60 MPa when 8% CCN-COS-AgNP(mass ratio) was introduced. When 10%(mass ratio) CCN-COS-AgNP was added, the nanofibers showed an excellent antibacterial activity for S. aureus(Staphylococcus aureus) and E. coli(Escherichia coli), with the maximum inhibition zones of 2.30 and 1.60 cm, respectively. Moreover, the 2%(mass ratio) CCN-COS-AgNP/PVA fibrous membrane showed 126% cell viability for mg63 human osteoblasts. The electrospun PVA membrane has great potential application in biomedical field.