聚(β-羟基丁酸酯)和β-羟基丁酸酯-β-羟基戊酸酯共聚物与可生物降解高分子共混改性研究进展

总结了近年来聚(β-羟基丁酸酯)、β-羟基丁酸酶—β-羟基戊酸酯共聚物与可生物降解高分子共混物的相容性、结晶性、热性能、加工性能、力学性能和生物降解性能。通过共混。聚(β-羟基丁酸酯)与—β-羟基丁酸酶卢羟基戊酸酯共聚物的性能得到显著改善。     

聚(β-羟基丁酸酯)和β-羟基丁酸酯-β-羟基戊酸酯共聚物共混改性研究进展

综述了近年来聚(β-羟基丁酸酯)和β-羟基丁酸酯-β-羟基戊酸酯共聚物经共混改性所得到的共混物的相容性、结晶性、热性能、加工性能、力学性能和生物降解性能。     

生物合成聚羟基烷基酸酯的研究与开发进展

聚羟基烷基酸酯(PHA)是近20年来迅速发展起来的一种生物高分子材料,是一种具有高分子的基本性质的可热塑加工成型的聚酯.PHA最突出性能是具有优良的生物相容性和可生物降解性,因此在医学、药物、工业、农业等领域具有其独特的应用.本文综述了PHA的研究开发历史、国外发展概况、我国目前研究开发现状和国内外生物合成聚羟基烷基酸酯的研究与开发的一些最新研究成果,着重介绍了发掘具有高合成效率的新菌种、利用基因工程技术获取重组菌株、使用低成本碳源、开发合适的提取工艺等方面的工作.     

生物降解高分子材料聚丁二酸丁二醇酯的改性研究进展

生物降解高分子材料被公认为是聚丙烯、聚乙烯等传统高分子材料造成"白色污染"的问题的重要解决方法之一。聚丁二酸丁二醇酯是重要的可生物降解的脂肪族聚酯之一,因与传统的聚丙烯、聚乙烯高分子材料具有相近的物理和力学性能,从而引起科学与工业界的广泛重视。然而,与大多数脂肪族聚酯一样,PBS材料也存在着加工、种类少、性能应用上的缺点。因此,对其通过改性拓宽用途范围的研究报道也随之增多。本文从化学、物理等改性的手段方法为着眼点,分类阐述了近些年来生物降解高分子材料聚丁二酸丁二醇酯改性研究现状与进展。     

生物可降解高聚物P3HB4HB热性能、结晶性能和力学性能研究

P3HB4HB是3β-羟基丁酸酯(3HB)和4β-羟基丁酸酯(4HB)的共聚物。由微生物合成的P3HB4HB具有良好的生物相容性和生物降解性。本研究通过示差扫描热分析(DSC)研究了P3HB4HB的热性能;通过广角X-射线衍射(WAXD)分析了材料的结晶度;通过拉伸力学试验研究了材料的力学性能。结果表明,4HB含量越高,玻璃化转变温度越低,结晶温度越高,结晶度越低;P3HB4HB是一类力学性能接近于PCL或PLGA的生物高分子,通过调节4HB的含量,可以制备出具有不同力学性能的生物材料。     

聚酯-聚酯多嵌段共聚物的合成及其动态力学性能

聚酯-聚醚多嵌段共聚物的动态力学性能谱上有两个T_8,不宜做阻尼材料。本文报道聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)-端羟基聚己二酸乙二醇酯(PEA)共聚物(简称嵌段共聚酯),比聚醚-聚酯多嵌段共聚物有更好的相容性。我们研究了PEA的分子量,间苯二甲酸的用量对嵌段共聚酯的结晶度,以及结晶度对嵌段共聚酯的动态力学性能的影响。     

PHB与PHBV的β晶结构及其与力学和降解性能关系的研究进展

聚(3-羟基丁酸酯)(poly(3-hydroxybutyrate),PHB)和聚(3-羟基丁酸酯-co-3-羟基戊酸酯)(poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate),PHBV)的结晶速率慢,二次结晶现象严重导致其在室温存放过程中性能劣化。通过拉伸诱导形成β晶可以有效抑制二次结晶现象,使机械性能提高并在室温下稳定。本文综述了PHB与PHBV的β晶结构及形成与转化机制的研究现状。重点概述了β晶结构对力学性能的影响及其增韧机制的研究进展,简要概述了β晶结构与降解性能之间的关系,最后对β晶结构研究现状中存在的空白进行了分析。     

我国聚羟基脂肪酸酯产业链的发展概况

聚羟基脂肪酸酯(PHA)是一类微生物合成的结构多样的高分子生物聚酯,具有生物可再生性、生物可降解性和良好的生物相容性,应用前景广阔.本文从PHA的材料学性质、发酵生产、提取工艺、应用前景以及我国PHA产业现状等多个方面,综述了基于PHA的产业链的相关生产和研究进展.     

结晶/无定形PMMA-b-PHBV-b-PMMA三嵌段共聚物的合成及热稳定性表征

以生物质聚酯聚(3-羟基丁酸酯-co-3-羟基戊酸酯)(PHBV)为结晶组分、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)为无定形组分,通过原子转移自由基聚合法(ATRP)制备了ABA型结晶/无定形三嵌段共聚物.采用凝胶色谱法(GPC)、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)和核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)表征了三嵌段共聚物的分子量及其分子量分布和化学结构;使用热失重分析仪(TG)测试了三嵌段共聚物的热稳定性,并通过Horowitz-Metzger法计算了嵌段共聚物的降解表观活化能.研究表明,三嵌段共聚物的最大转化产率为92.39%;当单体与大分子引发剂的比例为8∶1时,三嵌段共聚物的T0、T5%、T max温度分别提高25 K、15 K和40 K,三嵌段共聚物降解表观活化能E a可由纯PHBV的428.25 kJ·mol-1降低至169.83 kJ·mol-1.     

聚羟基脂肪酸酯生物合成的研究进展

聚羟基脂肪酸酯 (PHA)是原核微生物在碳、氮营养失衡的情况下 ,作为碳源和能源贮存而合成的一类热塑性聚酯。它除了具有与化学合成高分子相似的性质外 ,还具有一般化学合成高分子没有的性质 ,如生物可降解性、生物相容性、压电性、光学活性等特殊性质 ,因而具有广阔的应用前景。国内外已对PHA进行了大量的研究。本文主要综述了近二、三年来国内外对PHA生物合成的研究进展     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.