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用超临界CO_2制备微孔聚苯乙烯/热致液晶聚合物原位复合材料 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
微孔聚合物是80年代初发明的一种新型多孔材料,其特征为:泡孔直径1~10 μm,泡孔密度109~1012cells/cm3,相对密度0.05~0.95.具有缺口冲击强度高、韧性高、比强度高、疲劳寿命长、热稳定性高、介电常数低和导热系数低等优异性能.同时,制备微孔聚合物使用无公害、易回收的CO2和N2替代对臭氧层有害的氯氟烃(氟利昂)和易燃的碳氢化合物等作为发泡剂,是一种新型绿色材料[1].在微孔聚合物中使用超临界流体是90年代初提出的新方法[2~4],可缩短加工时间,同时制得泡孔直径更小、泡孔密度更大的微孔材料.目前研究中,对聚合物多相体系的研究报道很少,只有HIPS[5]、PE/iPP[6]和PVC/木纤维复合材料[7]等少数体系的报道,而聚合物多相体系的研究是材料科学的主要研究领域.可以预见,加入少量第二组分的共混物为基体的微孔材料可以达到更为优异的性能.本工作选择聚苯乙烯与热致液晶聚合物的原位复合材料为研究对象,采用超临界CO2快速降压法[3]制备微孔材料.在前期工作中,报道了该材料是一种综合了液晶聚合物的高强度和聚苯乙烯微孔材料轻质、高抗冲、保温隔音性能的具有仿生结构的新型复合材料[8].本文在此基础上,进一步研究热致液晶聚合物的加入对微孔结构的影响以及界面相容剂在微孔成型中的作用. 相似文献
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超临界CO2协助三单体接枝改性聚丙烯 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
利用超临界二氧化碳(SC CO2)作为单体的溶剂和聚丙烯的溶胀剂, 通过自由基接枝聚合合成了聚丙烯与丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸甲酯以及马来酸酐的接枝产物PP-g-(AA-MMA-MAH). 在单体的选择上采取软、硬单体复配的方式来调节链的柔韧性. 考察了溶胀条件、接枝条件以及单体配比对接枝反应的影响, 研究结果表明, PP和单体以及引发剂在7.74 MPa、47 ℃下溶胀5 h后, 75 ℃下反应3 h时接枝率为4.31%, 接枝效率可达71.83%. 产品表征说明单体均匀地接枝到聚丙烯颗粒上; 改性后聚丙烯水润湿角降低, 亲水性能得到明显改善; 接枝单体的引入提高了PP的热稳定性. 相似文献
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超临界CO2协助多单体接枝改性聚丙烯 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
利用超临界CO2作为溶胀剂和携带剂,使小分子单体马来酸酐和苯乙烯单体(MAH与St)及引发剂过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)插嵌进入聚丙烯(PP)基质中,然后在100℃条件下反应4 h得到接枝产物。研究了不同超临界CO2条件及引发剂浓度对接枝率的影响,固定超临界流体压力,改变温度,42℃为最佳温度,接枝率达到2.2%;固定温度,改变压力,10 MPa为最佳条件,接枝率为2.3%。对样品的FT-IR和SEM分析表明,共单体确实接枝到了PP分子链上,而DSC分析表明,随着接枝率的提高,材料的熔点(Tm)及表观结晶度(Ca)下降。这可能是接枝破坏了PP链结构的规整性,同时扩大了分子链间的距离所致。 相似文献
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微发泡聚合物材料以环境友好的超临界CO2为发泡剂,具有优异的材料性能.本文对本课题组的研究工作做了归纳总结,对聚合物微发泡中CO2的传质、微发泡过程中泡孔结构参数的变化以及多相/多组分聚合物体系的微发泡行为等内容做了针对性的综述.结合对聚合物微发泡过程理论模拟研究工作的评述,展望了超临界CO2微发泡技术未来的发展方向. 相似文献
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采用超临界CO2注入技术制备聚合物-无机纳米粒子复合材料, 以乙醇作为共溶剂, 在超临界CO2中将正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)注入到聚丙烯(PP)中, 重点研究共溶剂乙醇对TEOS在PP中注入率的影响. 实验结果表明注入率随着共溶剂加入先增加后减小. 同时研究了在共溶剂的存在下其他实验条件对注入率的影响. 并采用卢瑟福背散射能谱法(RBS)分析了聚丙烯/SiO2纳米复合材料的注入元素深度分布, 发现Si元素在PP中的浓度分布不均匀, 随着深度的增加而减小. 相似文献
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Present now the application of microcellular polymeric materials in biomedical field is growing rapidly, as that of guided tissue regeneration and cell transplantation. As far as guided tissue regeneration is concerned, porous implants are used as size selective membrane to promote the growth of a special tissue in a healing site. Ideally, the implant should be inherently biocompatible,have well-defined cell size and be resorbable with appropriate biodegradation rates.Poly(a-caprolactone) (PCL) is a kind of materials suit for the demands above. PCL is biocompatible and biodegradable aliphatic polyester which is nontoxic for living organisms and bioresorbable after a period of implantation. Because of its unique combination of biocompatibility, permeability and biodegradability, PCL and some of its copolymer with lactides and glycolide have been widely applied in medicine as artificial skin, artificial bone and containers for sustained drug release.Goel and Beckman have reported a new method to generate microcellular poly(methy l methacrylate) foams in which the samples are saturated with CO2 under a series of supercritical (SC)conditions, and then the system is rapidly depressurized to atmospheric pressure at constant temperature. Unlike traditional methods, it reduces glass-transition temperature (Tg) of the mixture to below the experimental temperature rather than directly heat the system above Tg. In this process of nucleation, no phase separation occurs as well as no phase boundary meets, so the cellular structure of the foam can be retained better.In this work, we have generated PCL foams by using supercritical CO2. Because of the low glass transition temperature (Tg = -60 ℃) of PCL far below the ice point, the experimental temperature in our study is much higher than Tg, which is different from the studies by others before. A series of variable factors on the foam structure as saturation temperature, saturation pressure, saturation time and depressurization time were studied. The experimental results indicate higher saturation temperature produce reduced bulk densities while holding other variable experimental conditions,and different saturation pressure produce different nucleation process. In addition, saturation time has profound effect on the structure of the product. XRD result shows that the foamed PCL is more inclined to degrade than the original PCL for the reason of its lower crystallinity. 相似文献
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本文主要介绍了超临界近5年来超临界二氧化碳中的有机反应研究的最新进展,包括加氢反应、氧化反应、羰基化反应、碳碳键形成反应、酯化反应和酶催化反应的研究现状;同时,还介绍了超临界二氧化碳作为反应底物用于合成碳酸酯和氨基甲酸酯的研究进展;并对未来的发展进行了展望。 相似文献
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Organic reactions in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) have facilitated great progress in recent years . ScCO2, as an environmentally friendly reaction medium, may be a substitute for 1 volatile and toxic organic solvents and show some special advantages. Firstly, CO2 is inexpensive, nonflammable, nontoxic and chemical inert under many conditions. Secondly, scCO2 possesses hybrid properties of both liquid and gas, to the advantage of some reactions involving gaseous reagents. Control o… 相似文献
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A general,green and efficient method for the synthesis of transdiiodoalkenes in CO2(sc) has been developed.Trans-diiodoalkenes were obtained stereospecifically in quantitative yields via diiodination of both electron-rich and electron-deficient alkynes in the presence of KI,Ce(SO4)2 and water in supercritical carbon dioxide [CO2(sc)]at 40℃. 相似文献
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