139Ce的多准粒子激发态

利用能量为50MeV的¹²C束流, 通过反应¹³⁰Te(¹²C,3n)布居了¹³⁹Ce的高自旋态. 基于标准在束核谱学实验测量结果, 扩展并更新了¹³⁹Ce的能级纲图. ¹³⁹Ce的能级结构具有球形原子核的典型特征, 其高自旋态由单粒子激发形成. 利用经验壳模型计算了¹³⁹Ce的多准粒子激发态能量, 研究了其高自旋激发态的多准粒子特性.     

134Ba能级结构的在束γ谱学研究

利用在束γ谱学技术,通过¹²⁸Te(¹⁰B,1p3n)¹³⁴Ba反应研究了¹³⁴Ba的中、高自旋激发态.实验中采用9套BGO(AC)HPGe探测器进行了γγt符合测量.基于γγ符合关系、γ射线的相对强度和各向异性度的测量结果建立了¹³⁴Ba的能级纲图.比较N=78的同中子素链的负宇称能级结构的系统性,发现激发能位于4142keV,Jπ值为11^－的能级很可能是与¹³⁶Ce具有相似内禀结构特征的相似态     

146Tb的能级结构研究

利用能量为161—175MeV的³²S束流,通过反应¹¹⁸Sn(³²S,1p3n)¹⁴⁶Tb研究了双奇核¹⁴⁶Tb的高自旋态能级结构. 实验进行了γ射线的激发函数、γ射线的各向异性度、X–γ和γ–γ–t符合测量. 基于这些测量结果,建立了激发能达8390kev的¹⁴⁶Tb核的能级纲图,其中包括新发现的41条γ射线和新建立的27个能级,并指定了¹⁴⁶Tb新发现能级的自旋值. 用一个h_11/2价质子和一个h_11/2^－1价中子空穴耦合、πh_11/2υh_11/2^－1与¹⁴⁶Gd核实激发态的耦合对¹⁴⁶Tb的能级结构进行了定性地讨论.     

146Tb的多粒子激发特性研究

利用在束γ谱学技术、通过反应¹¹⁸Sn(³²S,1p3n)研究了¹⁴⁶Tb的高自旋态能级结构. 基于实验测量结果, 建立了激发能达8.39MeV的¹⁴⁶Tb核的能级纲图. 双奇核¹⁴⁶Tb相对于双满闭壳¹⁴⁶Gd核, 多一个质子和缺少一个中子, 它的低位激发态是二准粒子态, 更高的激发态是四准粒子态, 或二准粒子态与其偶偶核芯低位激发态的耦合. 利用经验壳模型对部分全顺排组态的激发能进行了理论计算.     

141Nd激发态的在束γ谱学研究

通过¹³⁰Te(¹⁶O,5nγ)¹⁴¹Nd反应布居了¹⁴¹Nd的高自旋态能级.对反应产生的在束γ射线进行了γ射线单谱和γ–γ符合测量.建立了激发能达7614.5keV的¹⁴¹Nd能级纲图,新发现了12条γ射线和15个能级.基于实验测量的γ跃迁各向异性,建议了¹⁴¹Nd部分能级的自旋值.用一个h_11/2价中子空穴与¹⁴²Nd核芯晕态的耦合可以定性地解释¹⁴¹Nd的能级结构.     

关于低能核反应中的复合核效应

本文用扩散型光学位阱对低能(中子2—4兆电子伏,质子3.5—7兆电子伏)非弹性散射角分布、激发函数和γ射线角分布进行了计算,目的是比较系统地定量检验Hauser-Feshbach理论。计算结果和实验符合得很好。说明H.F.理论中的基本出发点,即不同复合核态之间的干涉相消的假设,是近似成立的。在此基础上,我们进一步讨论了可以用H.F.公式来提供光学位阱参数与能级自旋宇称知识的可能性,后者具体应用至N¹⁴的高激发态,计算表明:N¹⁴的4.91兆电子伏和5.01兆电子伏能级的自旋分别为0和2,能级的自旋对截面的大小影响很显著,但宇称则几乎没有影响。同时我们也应用H.F.理论讨论了相邻奇-偶核和偶-偶核弹性散射的差异。最后,考虑到同位旋在轻核中是一个准守恆量,本文中研究了在复合核过程中同位旋守恆的可能性,给出了考虑同位旋守恆以后的H.F.公式。并对于N¹⁴(p,p′)N^14*至第一激发态2.31兆电子伏(t=1),和第二激发态3.95兆电子伏(t=0)的非弹性散射角分布,分别在同位旋守恒和不守恒情况下进行了计算,结果表明,不守恒时的计算值和现有的实验非常接近,看来同位旋量子数在轻核的复合核反应中守恆性是很差的。     

DsJ(2632)强衰变的研究

SELEX合作组发现的D_sJ(2632)引起了很多的讨论, 同时也带来了激烈的争论. 它的自旋宇称还没有最后确定, 如果它真的存在, 它的夸克结构可能是奇特的. 以前有的文献假定D_sJ(2632)是1^－的径向激发态, 我们假定它可能是夸克结构为qq,J^P为2⁺的基态或者0⁺D_sJ(2317)的第一径向激发态, 用Bethe-Salpeter方程重新计算了它的衰变宽度. 计算结果表明, 理论值和实验数据还是存在尖锐的矛盾.     

187Au的能级结构及单质子与偶–偶核芯的耦合特性

利用¹⁷⁷Hf(¹⁹F,9n)¹⁸⁷T1反应和在线同位素分离法,对¹⁸⁷Au低激发态能级结构进行了γ–γ符合与γ–e符合的测量分析,束流能量为175MeV,发现了多条新的跃迁,测量了内转换系数,扩展了¹⁸⁷Au的能级图.对¹⁸⁷Au低激发态下的集体带结构、单质子与不同偶–偶核芯的耦合特性进行了讨论.     

207Rn能级结构的实验研究

利用能量为85—95MeV的¹⁶O束流,通过¹⁹⁶Pt(¹⁶O,5n)²⁰⁷Rn反应布居了²⁰⁷Rn的高自旋态.实验进行了γ射线的激发函数、γ射线的单谱、衰变谱和γ-γ-t符合测量.建立了由17条γ射线组成的²⁰⁷Rn能级纲图,并且基于实验测量的DCO系数建议了各能级的自旋值.用一个f_5/2价中子空穴与²⁰⁸Rn核芯耦合定性地解释了²⁰⁷Rn的低位激发态.     

94Mo高自旋态能级纲图

通过重离子融合蒸发反应¹⁶O(⁸²Se+4n)⁹⁴Mo布局了⁹⁴Mo核的高自旋态.利用多探头探测器阵列GASP进行了在束γ测量,从而重新研究了⁹⁴Mo核的高自旋态能级结构.基于新发现的一些重要的连接跃迁,对⁹⁴Mo核的高自旋态能级纲图做了重要修改.将新的能级结构与壳模型计算进行了比较和讨论.结果表明要正确的描述94?Mo核的高自旋态(自旋值大于14)能级结构,应考虑价中子在d_5/2,g_7/2和h_11/2轨道上的激发.     

Coexistence of “ $ \alpha$ + 208Pb ” cluster structures and single-particle excitations in 212 84Po128

Excited states in ²¹²Po have been populated by a \alpha transfer using the ²⁰⁸Pb(¹⁸O,¹⁴C) reaction at 85MeV beam energy and studied with the EUROBALL IV g \gamma multi-detector array. The level scheme has been extended up to ∼ 3.2 MeV excitation energy from the triple-g \gamma coincidence data. Spin and parity values of most of the observed states have been assigned from the g \gamma angular distributions and g \gamma -g \gamma angular correlations. Several g \gamma -lines with E _γ < 1 MeV have been found to be shifted by the Doppler effect, allowing for the measurements of the associated lifetimes by the DSAM method. The values, found in the range [0.1-0.6]ps, lead to very enhanced E1 transitions. All the emitting states, which have non-natural parity values, are discussed in terms of a \alpha - ²⁰⁸Pb structure. They are in the same excitation-energy range as the states issued from shell-model configurations.     

High spin states in144Sm

High spin states of¹⁴⁴Sm have been investigated via the¹²⁶Te(²⁴Mg,4n) reaction at 98 MeV with in-beam- ray spectroscopy using the Compton-suppressed germanium detector array OSIRIS-CUBE. 44 new levels and 82 new transitions have been placed in the level scheme. Spins up to J=18 were assigned from gamma angular distribution data and parities were determined from gamma linear polarization data obtained using the POLALI spectrometer. The experimentally observed excitation energies of negative parity states could be well reproduced by shell model calculations.     

Levels in124Te populated in the decay of124Sb

The levels in¹²⁴Te have been investigated by studying the gamma rays emitted following the decay of 60d¹²⁴Sb. Gamma-gamma coincidence spectra have been taken with gates set at 603, 646, 709, 714 and 723 keV gamma rays by using 105 cm³ Ge(Li)-110 cm³ HPGe coincidence system. 69 gamma rays have been observed and nine of them are reported for the first time. Four new levels in¹²⁴Te at 2512, 2550.2, 2808 and 2814.5 keV are proposed. Levels reported in literatures at 2412 and 2733 keV are excluded from the level scheme of¹²⁴Te based on the present study. The experimentally determined energy spectrum of low-lying positive parity states, B(E2) ratios and electric quadrupole moment of the first excited state are compared with the IBM-1 predictions.     

Observation of spin-orbit splitting in lambda single-particle states

The spin-orbit splitting of Lambda single-particle states in (13)(Lambda)C was measured. The 13C(K-,pi(-))(13)(Lambda)C reaction was used to excite both the 1/2(-) and 3/2(-) states simultaneously, which have predominantly 12C(0(+)) x p(Lambda) configuration. gamma rays from the states to the ground state were measured in coincidence with the pi(-)'s, by which ls splitting was found to be 152+/-54(stat)+/-36(syst) keV. The value is 20-30 times smaller than exhibited by the ls splitting in the nuclear shell model. This value gives us new insight into the YN interaction.     

Rigorous analysis of singularities and absence of analytic continuation at first-order phase-transition points in lattice-spin models

We report about two new rigorous results on the nonanalytic properties of thermodynamic potentials at first-order phase transition. For lattice models (d>or=2) with arbitrary finite state space, finite-range interactions which have two ground states, we prove that the pressure has no analytic continuation at the first-order phase-transition point, under the only further assumptions that the Peierls condition is satisfied for the ground states and that the temperature is sufficiently low. For Ising models with Kac potentials J(gamma)(x)=gamma(d)phi(gammax), where 00) and analyticity in the mean field limit (gamma SE pointing arrow 0).     

Doppler shift as a tool for studies of isobaric analog states of neutron-rich nuclei: application to 7He

We have developed a new technique to study exotic neutron-rich nuclei via their isobaric analog states (IAS). We populate high-isospin states in resonant reactions of radioactive ion beams with protons. Characteristic gamma rays emitted from excited decay products were used to identify the population of the IAS. We show that information on the differential and total cross section for formation of the IAS can be extracted from the energy spectrum of the Doppler-shifted gamma rays. This technique was applied to the study of T=3/2 states in 7Li, which are analogs of states in 7He. The analog of the 7He ground state was clearly observed, whereas the presence of the analog of a narrow 1/2(-) state at 0.6 MeV excitation in 7He reported by M. Meister et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 102501 (2002)] was excluded at the 90% confidence level. Evidence is presented for a broad 1/2(-) state at a higher excitation energy in 7He.     

Origin of giant optical nonlinearity in charge-transfer-mott insulators: a new paradigm for nonlinear optics

Neither pure Mott insulators nor pure charge-transfer insulators have ever been considered as a possible candidate for nonlinear optical (NLO) materials since individually neither the strong correlation (U) nor the large charge transfer (Delta) is favorable to the NLO response. However, in their composites, charge-transfer-Mott insulators, jointly Delta and U can enhance the hyperpolarizability (gamma) by guiding the ground states into the antiferromagnetic phase and the excited states into the charge-transfer phase. These Delta and U that maximize gamma form a unique golden Delta-U line, on which the recently observed giant nonlinear optical effect is just a single point, whose physical origin is that the system is driven into a phase-separated region for the ground and excited states. This novel mechanism may suggest a conceptually new paradigm to explore an even larger optical nonlinearity.     

Os-Pt区核的基态三轴形状

在偶-偶核基态中寻找稳定的三轴形状,其中最大三轴形变为|γ|≈30°,仍然是核结构的一个主要主题。在本工作中,使用推转Woods-Saxon(WS)壳模型来研究Os-Pt区基态和集体转动态中可能的三轴形状。为寻找核态可能存在的三轴形变,具体用对力-形变-转动频率自洽推转壳模型对偶-偶^176-202Os和^182-204Pt同位素进行了总Routhian面计算。计算是在四极形变(β₂,γ)网格中进行的,而十六极形变β₄可变。事实上,在四极形变(β₂,γ)的每个网格点上,计算的能量相对于十六极形变β₄最小化。发现某些核的基态譬如¹⁹⁶Os和^188-194Pt既非扁椭球亦非长椭球,而是在这些核中基态极小值是形状非轴对称的,即三轴形变。同时,我们把从实验数据提取出的转动惯量与我们的计算结果作比较,显示实验数据不能很好地与转动假定相一致,说明有振动行为。此外,我们使用一种辅助的方法提取了平衡γ₀值,该值...     

High-resolution studies of the gamma rays from isomeric states with half-lives of 10 μs - 30ms in nuclei with Z = 63−83

Eight new isomeric states with half-lives in the range 10 μs-30 ms have been identified following bombardment with 17.5 MeV protons of the natural elements and separated isotopes of the elements Eu to Pb. Improved data on 14, previously reported, isomeric states have also been obtained. The energies, half-lives and multipolarities of the gamma rays from these states have been measured using an 8 cm³ Ge(Li) detector. In most cases, level schemes have been constructed, and the spin and parity of the isomeric level and intermediate levels populated in the decay have been determined. A group of hindered E2 transitions have been observed, all of which are retarded by approximately the same degree e.g. 3 × 10⁻³ Weisskopf units. The results are discussed in terms of the Nilsson model and in terms of the selection rules for transitions between Nilsson states.     

Evidence of New States Decaying into Xi(*)(c)pi

Using 13.7 fb(-1) of data recorded by the CLEO detector at Cornell Electron Storage Ring, we report evidence of two new charmed baryons: one decaying into Xi(0')(c)pi(+) with the subsequent decay Xi(0')(c)-->Xi(0)(c)gamma, and its isospin partner decaying into Xi(+')(c)pi(-) followed by Xi(+')(c)-->Xi(+)(c)gamma. We measure the following mass differences for the two states: M(Xi(0)(c)gammapi(+))-M(Xi(0)(c)) = 318.2+/-1.3+/-2.9 MeV and M(Xi(+)(c)gammapi(-))-M(Xi(+)(c)) = 324.0+/-1.3+/-3.0 MeV. We interpret these new states as the J(P) = 1 / 2(-) Xi(c1) particles, the charmed-strange analogs of the Lambda(+)(c1)(2593).