MgO-ZrO2共沉淀体系的结构表征及单层分散现象

用共沉淀法制备了一系列MgO-ZrO₂复合氧化物, 用XRD、XPS、BET、DTA、EXAFS和TEM等进行了表征. 结果表明, 500 ℃与600 ℃下焙烧得到的MgO-ZrO₂复合氧化物, 在ZrO₂高含量一端, MgO倾向于固溶到ZrO₂中, 最大固溶量可达到1:1(摩尔比)；固溶达到饱和后, MgO开始在固溶体表面分散, 并析出单独的MgO晶粒；在MgO高含量端, 少量的ZrO₂以分散态存在于MgO的表面, 并使其表面性质发生较明显的变化. 这些结果表明, 在共沉淀法制备的MgO-ZrO₂样品中, 在一定相对含量范围内, 会出现一种组分在另一种组分或由两种组分形成的固溶体上的单层分散现象.     

共沉淀法制备ZrO2-Al2O3纳米复合氧化物的物相表征

用Al(NO3)3和ZrO(NO3)2混合溶液，加氨水共沉淀制备了一系列Al2O3含量由低到高的ZrO2-Al2O3复合氧化物，用XRD、XPS、BET等实验手段对其进行了表征.结果表明，随着一种组分含量由低到高，其主要存在形式按形成固溶体-表面单层分散-析出单独晶相的规律变化，而一种组分的加入均使另一种组分的XRD衍射峰明显宽化，晶粒变细；复合氧化物的比表面明显大于两种组分纯样品比表面的简单加和.实验表明体系中两种组分存在相互表面单层分散，即在一定的相对含量范围内，该体系的任一组分的微晶固溶体都既接受另一组分在其表面上的单层分散，同时也在另一组分的微晶固溶体表面上单层分散.相互单层分散和固溶体的生成都可能使高温焙烧时微晶的增大受到抑制，从而维持了样品的高比表面.     

共沉淀CuO-ZrO2复合氧化物分散态结构研究

用XRD、EXAFS、XPS表征了共沉淀法制备的CuO-ZrO2复合氧化物的分散态结构. 500 ℃焙烧的样品在一定组成范围内形成大体均匀的无定形态固溶体. CuO含量超过其在ZrO2中溶解度时，多余的CuO以CuO晶体形式存在；当ZrO2含量超过其在CuO中溶解度时，多余的ZrO2以四方相ZrO2晶体形式存在.焙烧温度达到800 ℃时，样品由单斜相ZrO2和CuO晶体组成.     

不同方法制备的CeO2-ZrO2体系结构研究

采用不同方法制备了几种CeO2-ZrO2二元氧化物体系,并用XRD、BET、XPS等技术研究了各个体系中氧化铈与氧化锆的存在状态.结果表明以773K焙烧过的氧化锆为载体,浸渍Ce(NO3)3溶液制得的CeO2/ZrO2体系中,氧化铈单层分散于氧化锆的表面,分散阈值约为0.03gCeO2/gZrO2.以水合氧化锆为载体,浸渍Ce(NO3)3溶液制得CeO2-ZrO2固溶体,但用此法制备的固溶体样品与用共沉淀法制备的样品不同.共沉淀法得到的是均一固溶体,浸渍法得到的是富锆固溶体和富铈固溶体的混合物;而且浸渍法制备的样品表面Ce/Zr原子比高,热稳定性好.     

中孔复合锆-铝氧化物微球的制备及其正相色谱性能研究

复合氧化物通常表现出与单一氧化物不同的物理化学性质（如晶体结构、孔结构和表面性质等方面）,已广泛用作催化剂、吸附剂和离子交换剂。1993年,Kaneko等采用共沉淀法制备的SiO2-TiO2,SiO2-Al2O3等复合氧化物的环境保护、痕量富集、氨基酸分离等方面取得较好的应用效果。但复合氧化物作为液相色谱固定相的研究很少报道。近年来,我们从制备、表征到正相、反相色谱性能等方面对MgO-ZrO2和SiO2-ZrO2复合氧化物作为色谱填料进行了系统的研究,发现MgO和SiO2掺杂可以有效地改善ZrO2的孔结构,提高柱效。本文用溶胶－凝胶方法制备了质量投料比m（硝酸铝）：m（氧氯化锆）＝20：64的ZrO2-Al2O3复合氧化物微球,考察酸腐蚀前后其晶形、表面酸碱性和孔容、孔径的变化,以及它们的正相色谱性能。     

碱土金属化合物在氧化锆上的分散与碱性

 研究了碱土金属化合物在ZrO2表面上的分散状况及碱性. 结果表明,碱土金属硝酸盐分解成为氧化物的难度随着原子序数的增大而增加. Mg(NO3)2在550 ℃时就可以直接分解为MgO. Ca(NO3)2和Sr(NO3)2不能单独分解成CaO和SrO, 但当负载在ZrO2载体上时,就可以在载体表面分解成CaO和SrO, 只是由于负载量不同其存在的形式各不相同. CaO含量较少时, CaO与ZrO2形成固溶体而不是以CaO的形式分散在ZrO2的表面; CaO含量较多时,生成CaZrO3. SrO含量较少时,以SrO的形式分散在ZrO2的表面上; 含量较多时,有SrZrO3生成. Ba(NO3)2即使有载体ZrO2存在时也不能分解成BaO, 而是以Ba(NO2)2的形式分散于ZrO2表面. CO2-TPD实验表明,与纯ZrO2相比,负载样品的碱位分布范围较宽,碱的强度与数量都有很大提高.     

Cu/ZrO2催化剂上乙醇水蒸气重整反应的研究Ⅰ催化剂性能及其制备参数的影响

研究了Cu/ZrO2催化剂在乙醇水蒸气重整反应中的催化性能。用常规沉淀法、醇凝胶法制备了ZrO2载体;用浸渍法或共沉淀法制备了Cu/ZrO2催化剂。考察了ZrO2载体的制备方法以及Cu/ZrO2的制备参数对催化剂性能的影响。采用BET、XRD、TEM及XRF等方法对催化剂的比表面积、孔容、晶相、表面形貌以及活性组分等进行了表征。同时,制备并比较了Ni/ZrO2、Cu/10MgO-90ZrO2和Cu/10CaO-90ZrO2催化剂的性能,考察了活性组分Cu、Ni的差异以及ZrO2载体的影响。在Cu/ZrO2催化剂(Cu的质量分数为8%)上,500 ℃~600 ℃乙醇转化率达到98%~100％、H2选择性为2.0~2.6（摩尔比）。 Cu/ZrO2与Ni/ZrO2机械混合有助于H2选择性的提高。在催化剂载体中添加MgO、CaO碱性物质可以使H2选择性提高1.3倍~2.0倍。浸渍法制备的Cu/ZrO2催化剂的性能优于共沉淀法。     

不同制备方法对铈锆复合氧化物结构及性能的影响

采用共沉淀法、均相沉淀法以及反相微乳法制备了铈锆复合氧化物.通过XRD,TEM,BET等表征手段来分析所得铈锆氧化物粉体的性质,将制得的粉体涂覆在堇青石蜂窝陶瓷载体上作为涂层,担载一定量的贵金属Pt作为活性组分制得整体催化剂,并在低温水汽变换反应上考察它们的催化性能.分析结果表明3种方法都得到了单相的铈锆固溶体;微乳法制得的纳米级铈锆固溶体粒径分布均匀、平均粒径尺寸为6 nm;所得纳米级铈锆复合氧化物的比表面积大小为微乳法＞均相沉淀法＞共沉淀法.实验结果表明用微乳法制得的铈锆复合氧化物的催化性能要优于其他两种方法.     

Y2O3和CeO2复合掺杂ZrO2纳米晶的制备与表征

以ZrOCl2.8H2O,Y2O3,Ce（NO3）3.5.5H2O为原料,NH3.H2O作沉淀剂,少量表面活性剂PE作分散剂,采用反向共沉淀-喷雾干燥法,结合物理、化学分散技术,成功地制备了Y2O3,CeO2复合掺杂ZrO2纳米粉末。通过DSC-TG,XRD,XPS,BET和SEM等方法对所制得粉末进行了表征。结果表明：以Ce0.1Y0.1Zr0.8O1.95化学计量比制备的多元氢氧化物胶体经过喷雾干燥处理后,在500℃基本完成水合氧化物的分解,577℃附近完成由非晶相向立方相的转变;经过580-1000℃煅烧后,CeO2和Y2O3已经完全固溶到ZrO2中,形成类质同相体,该粉末系列均属于立方相萤石结构;掺杂进入ZrO2晶格中的Ce呈＋4价形式存在;比表面积由22.0 m^2.g^-1（580℃煅烧）减至4.97 m^2.g^-1（1000℃煅烧）;SEM结果显示800℃煅烧的该粉末颗粒尺寸分布均匀,多呈类球状,且粒径在50-80 nm。     

负载型Cu-Mn-Ce催化剂燃烧VOCs反应的载体效应

以MgO,Al2O3,SiO2,TiO2和ZrO2为载体,采用浸渍法制备了负载型Cu-Mn-Ce(CMC)三元复合氧化物催化剂,并用TG,XRD,BET和H2-TPR对催化剂进行了表征,以甲苯和丙酮催化燃烧为模型反应,考察了该催化剂的催化活性。结果表明,纯CMC催化剂的铈基固溶体结构表现出优良的催化活性,当CMC负载在SiO2和Al2O3上后,其大比表面积和表面羟基均不利于CMC活性固溶体结构的形成,另外Mn,Cu等过渡金属与MgO载体发生相互作用而破坏了CMC的活性结构。TiO2和ZrO2则较好地保持了CMC活性固溶体的结构,并显著提高了CMC催化剂的高温热稳定性。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.