喷射器流动结构和性能的数值模拟研究

本文利用Fluent软件对蒸汽喷射器进行数值模拟计算,从射流混合机理角度出发,分析比较了喷射器内工作流体压力、引射流体压力及混合流体出口压力等工作参数变化对喷射系数的影响以及喷射系数变化的原因。结果表明:对给定的喷射器存在一个最佳工作流体压力,在此压力下喷射器可以获得最大喷射系数;随着引射流体压力的增加和出口压力的降低,喷射器的喷射系数逐渐增加。     

喷射器临界背压对喷射制冷系统性能的影响

为了确保喷射器在良好的工况条件下运行,文中针对太阳能喷射制冷系统的工况范围,以R134 a为工质建立了喷射器运行特性计算模型,计算分析了临界背压随喷射器运行工况的变化关系,以及对制冷系统性能的影响。结果表明:喷射器的临界背压随发生温度和蒸发温度的增大而增大,极限喷射系数随发生温度的升高而降低,随蒸发温度的升高而升高;喷射制冷系统COP随喷射器背压(冷凝压力)的升高先保持不变后减小,当Tg=353K,Te=281K和Te=283K时,喷射器分别在Tc=307K左右和Tc=308K左右时,达到临界状态,临界背压分别为0.85MPa、0.88MPa,COP分别为0.2和0.227。     

蒸汽喷射-压缩循环制冷系统的数值研究

将喷射器作为压缩机辅助升压装置引入单级蒸气压缩制冷系统,通过建立喷射器一维数学模型和蒸汽喷射-压缩循环制冷系统模型,研究了喷射器工作压力和引射压力、蒸发温度和冷凝温度对蒸汽喷射-压缩混合制冷循环系统性能的影响。结果表明:冷凝温度从25℃增加到43℃,蒸发温度Te=-20、-25和-30℃时,系统COP分别减小了32. 5%、42. 9%和56. 8%。当冷凝温度Tc=31、34℃时,蒸发温度从-35℃升高到-5℃,系统COP分别增加了32. 5%和28. 6%。     

蒸汽喷射制冷系统用单双级喷射器性能分析

对制冷量为10kW,发生温度90℃,冷凝温度35℃,蒸发温度9℃的喷射制冷系统用单、双级喷射器进行设计及性能分析。双级喷射器的喷射系数在较低蒸发温度时比单级喷射器低约20%,在较高蒸发温度时性能接近甚至超过单级喷射器。发生温度和冷凝温度发生改变时,单级喷射器喷射系数的变化较双级喷射器更急剧,双级喷射器可接受的工况范围更大,除离设计工况点较近情况,双级喷射器在大部分区域里喷射系数较单级喷射器高。考虑到制冷系统中蒸发温度的可控制性及发生温度、冷凝温度的不稳定性,压缩比值较大的蒸汽喷射制冷系统中,宜采用双级喷射器。     

蒸发条件对喷射器性能的影响研究

利用真实气体模型对喷射式制冷空调系统的喷射器进行CFD计算.利用CFD模型进行计算,得到了喷射器在不同蒸发条件下的喷射系数及系统的机械COP.在喷射器结构确定时,在计算的范围:6°C≤te≤20°C,蒸发温度越高,喷射器的性能越好.喷射器结构确定时,蒸发压力只要小于拉伐尔喷嘴的临界压力,工作蒸汽的流最就不会受蒸发压力变...     

蒸汽喷射器变工况性能的CFD探讨

利用二维轴对称,真实气体模型对喷射式制冷空调系统的喷射器进行CFD计算。真实气体模型占用较多的计算机资源,但它的计算结果更加真实。计算的目的在于得到在变工况条件下喷射器性能的变化和制冷系统性能的变化情况。在计算范围中,存在一最优的发生压力Pg*(3.973568bar),使得此时的喷射系数和系统COP最大。当Pg>Pg*时,喷射系数和COP随着发生压力的增加而减少;当Pg相似文献   

工作喷嘴带直管段的新型喷射器性能数值模拟研究

针对喷射器效率偏低的问题，基于引射喷管工作原理，提出了工作喷嘴末端加入直管段的新型喷射器，采用计算流体动力学(CFD)技术，探究了新型喷射器的流场演化规律和性能，研究了结构参数对喷射器性能的影响。结果表明，在相同工作参数下，直管段的设计可以有效提高喷射器引射率，增大喷射器卷吸引射流体的能力。当直管段长度为10 mm时，引射率为0.593,提升率为17.43%,改变混合室尺寸可以使得喷射器性能最优时的引射流体流量增大17.5%～30.2%;新型喷射器性能较传统喷射器更稳定，且效率更高、高效工作范围更大。     

辅助引射对蒸汽喷射器性能影响的数值研究

首次提出了通过局部低压区辅助引射来改善蒸汽喷射器工作性能的技术途径,并利用FLUENT软件对蒸汽喷射器辅助引射前后内部流场进行了数值模拟计算,重点研究分析了双临界范围内背压波动工况下不同辅助引射方式对工作蒸汽质量流量、引射蒸汽质量流量、辅助引射蒸汽质量流量、内部流场和激波现象的影响及其原因。结果表明:混合室辅助引射不利于改善蒸汽喷射器的引射性能,而喉部辅助引射和扩压室辅助引射能提高蒸汽喷射器的引射效率,且在不同背压下存在一个最佳的辅助引射优化方案。     

含水喷射器装置性能的实验研究

当喷射器应用于天然气开采和海水淡化领域时,由于工作流体或引射流体常携带少量水,喷射器常处于气液两相运行状态。本文对含水喷射器装置性能进行了实验研究,获得了不同工作压力和背压下,喷射器性能的变化规律。研究发现,当喷射器临界运行时,加水对喷射器性能影响很小,引射比变化在2.7%之内;而喷射器非临界运行时,气液两相运行时引射比性能变差,与单相运行时相比,引射比最大减小了17%。     

冷源冷量对压缩/喷射制冷系统性能影响的实验研究

实验研究了喷射器的最优喷嘴距及在此条件下,冷凝器进水冷量对喷射器及双蒸发压缩/喷射制冷系统性能的影响,同时对双蒸发压缩/喷射制冷系统与蒸汽压缩制冷系统进行了对比研究.结果表明:喷射器引射系数随冷凝器进水冷量的增大而减小,喷射器升压比随冷凝器进水冷量的增大而增大;双蒸发压缩/喷射制冷系统COPp随冷凝器进水冷量的增加先快...     

Magnetic ordering in HoRu2Si2, HoRh2Si2, TbRh2Si2 and TbIr2Si2 by neutron diffraction

Neutron diffraction study of polycrystalline HoRu₂Si₂, HoRh₂Si₂, TbRh₂Si₂, and TbIr₂Si₂ was performed in the temperature range between 4.2 and 300 K. For HoRu₂Si₂ the magnetic spin alignment of a linear transverse wave mode below the Néel temperature 19 K is observed. This static moment wave is propagating along the b-axis with k=(0, 0.2, 0) and is polarized in the c-axis. The root-mean-square and maximum saturation moments per Ho atom are 9.26 and 13.09μ_B, respectively. HoRh₂Si₂, TbRh₂Si₂ an TbIr₂Si₂ are simple collinear antiferromagnets of +-+- type with Néel temperatures of (27±1), (98±2) and (72±3) K, respectively. For TbRh₂Si₂ and TbIr₂Si₂ magnetic moments are localized on RE ions only and are aligned along the tetragonal axis, while for HoRh₂Si₂ they form an angle ø = (28±3)°.     

μ+SR study of LaNi2As2, URh2Si2 and CeRh2Si2

Muon spin relaxation experiments have been carried out in the paramagnetic and magnetically ordered states of URh₂Si₂ and CeRh₂Si₂. As the magnetic structure of these compounds is well known, these measurements can help to characterise their magnetic properties probed by μSR and to understand the μSR results of the heavy fermion compounds of the same crystallographic family. Our measurements show that the muons occupy two different crystallographic sites. The spectra of URh₂Si₂ and CeRh₂Si₂ in the magnetically ordered states are very different, probably reflecting their different magnetic structures. The spectra obtained on CeRh₂Si₂ are similar to the published spectra of the heavy fermion compound CeCu_2.1 Si₂. Muon spin rotation measurements on LaNi₂As₂ indicate that the muon is diffusing at 150 K.     

13C-selective IRMPD of CBr2F2/Cl2 and CCl2F2/Br2 systems

The CO₂ TEA laser irradiation of CBr₂F₂ in the presence of Cl₂ yielded ¹³C-enriched CBrClF₂ and ¹³C-enriched CCl₂F₂ under selected experimental conditions. As the photolysis proceeded, the ¹³C concentration of CBrClF₂ decreased gradually and that of CCl₂F₂ increased up to 90% or higher. These results can be explained by the mechanism involving the secondary ¹³C-selective IRMPD of the primary product CBrClF₂. On the other hand, the carbon-containing product for a CCl₂F₂/Br₂ system was only CBrClF₂; the further IRMPD of which probably regenerated CBrClF₂ in the presence of Br₂. The decomposition probabilities of ¹²C- and ¹³C-containing molecules in both systems were measured as functions of laser line, laser fluence, and reactant pressures.     

Superconductivity in LaPd_2Bi_2 with CaBe_2Ge_2-type structure

正Since the discovery of superconductivity in LaFeAsO_(1-x)F_x,the high-T_c iron-based superconductors have been extensively studied from both experimental and theoretical viewpoints [1-8]. However, the mechanism of the unconventional superconductivity is still to be resolved. To     

Polar optic phonons in Hg2Cl2 and Hg2Br2

Far infrared (30–430 cm^?1) reflectivity measurements of Hg₂Cl₂ and Hg₂Br₂ single crystals have been performed in polarized light. The spectra, which are in agreement with group-theoretical predictions, were analyzed by the oscillator fitting procedure and Kramers-Kronig method. The results are compared with the existing data from other measurements and the large anisotropy of polar modes is briefly discussed. The polarization vectors of all long-wavelength symmetry modes were determined group-theoretically.     

Magnetostriction of SmMn2Ge2 and GdMn2Ge2 intermetallic compounds

Longitudinal and transverse magnetostrictions of polycrystalline samples of intermetallic compounds RMn₂Ge₂ (R=Sm or Gd) are measured in pulsed magnetic fields up to 250 kOe. It is found that linear magnetostrictive strains of about 10^?3 arise in a temperature range in which the magnetic field causes a change in the magnetic state of a manganese magnetic subsystem. The results obtained are described within the model of a two-sublattice ferrimagnet with a negative exchange interaction in the manganese subsystem in terms of a strong dependence of this interaction on interatomic distances.     

Structural,magnetic and neutron diffraction studies on TbFe2-TbAl2, TbCo2-TbAl2 and HoCo2-HoAl2

Both pseudobinary systems exhibit large homogeneous regions of cubic and hexagonal Laves phases. Ordering tendencies on crystallographic sites between Al and the transition metals are observed in the hexagonal type.Electron transfer to the transition metals quenches their moments so that they become nonmagnetic at high Al concentrations. The peculiarities in the mechanism of magnetization which appear in rare earth dialuminides when Al is replaced by a transition metal have been studied in detail at cryogenic temperatures.The first replacement of Al results in a decrease in saturation moment. Neutron diffraction verifies the low ordered rare earth sublattice moments and reveals the ‘lost part’ as a disordered component. Considerable magnetic hardness develops in certain regions of concentration often connected with spontaneous increases in magnetization with field. All available evidence suggests the presence of unusual domain wall effects to be responsible for this effect. High remanences develop in both the hexagonal and in the cubic structures in the intermediate region. The development of disordered magnetic components is connected either with the disorder on crystallographic sites or changes in the free electron concentration.