基于碳化硼复相MgB2超导体制备及特性

以廉价的B4C粉和Mg粉为原料,用真空固相反应法成功制备了复相MgB2-B4C超导材料,通过X-射线和扫描电子显微镜分析了样品的成相和织构,除MgB2、B4C和MgB2C2外样品中未明显检测到其它杂相,其中MgB2相含量高达87.7%.电阻-温度特性测量表明,所制备的样品零电阻温度Tc(0)=31.5 K,转变宽度(T...     

超导材料Mg1-xAgxB2的比热和电阻率

我们对新型超导化合物MgB2进行了比热和电导性质测量，测量结果显示该材料的超导临界温度为38.9K。另外我们还对Mg1-xAgxB2（x=0,0.1,0.2)的系列样品进行了测量，发现随着Ag含量的增加，样品在超导相变温度附近的比热跳跃明显减小。这可能是由于Ag和g生成合金，而只有少量的Mg才和B化合成MgB2，故其超导成分很少，所以比热跳跃小。但由于Ag原子量比Mg要大得多，所以样品的单位质量比热比纯样品大。当Ag掺杂到0.3时，电阻率测量表明当温度的为4.2K时其电阻仍未到0，超导电性消失。另外我们分别对烧结一次和烧结两次的纯MgB2样品进行了比热测量，测量结果显示烧结过两次的样品的比热比烧结一次的样品的比热要小一些，这说明样品在烧结的过程中可能有部分Mg流失。从而导致其单位质量的比热减少。     

Mg、B配比对MgB2材料的影响

我们通过固态反应法制备了MgxB2(x=0.2,0.6,0.8,1.0,1.2,1.4,1.8,2.2,2.6)系列超导样品.用四引线法测量了每一个样品在制备烧结过程中的高温R～T曲线.由这些曲线的升温阶段数据得知MgxB2系列样品的起始成相温度Tonset随着x值的增加而降低.由它们的X光衍射图可知,x≤1.0时,没有Mg和MgO的杂相峰;到x＞1.0后,随x值的增大,杂相Mg和MgO的衍射峰强度逐渐增强.它们的低温R～T曲线表明随x值的增加,正常态电阻减小,起始超导转变温度在39.3 K到39.9 K之间.综合Tc(onset)和△Tc,Mg1.4B2样品呈现出最好的超导状态.这些样品的单位质量M～T测量数据表明起起转变温度处于37.4～38.6 K之间,且Mg1.4B2样品呈现出最高的磁测Tc(onset)=38.60 K.在Mg含量x大于或低于1.4时,磁测Tc(onset)均小于此值.综合R～T和M～T这两种测量,为得到高Tc的MgB2超导块材,胚体MgB2的配比应取x=1.4为好.     

La1-x／2Pr1-x／2SrxCuO4的电输运性质和超导电性

La1-x/2Pr1-x/2SrxCuOy(LPSCO)多晶样品采用传统的固相反应法制备.X射线衍射表明:LPSCO具有典型的空穴搀杂的T-214相的结构.磁化率测量显示:Sr搀杂在0.05≤x≤0.30范围内具有超导转变;Tc随x的增大呈抛物线形式变化,且在x=0.18时达到最大值28K.电阻的测量显示:随搀杂量的增大,系统呈现从绝缘到半导体,最后到金属的导电行为的变化;在欠掺杂区,正常态电阻温度关系符合ρ(T)=ρ0 αT-ClnT;而在过掺杂区,对数项消失.本文从替代所引起的晶体结构和载流子特性变化解释了Sr掺杂样品的电输运行为和超导特性.     

稀土元素Ce/Eu共掺杂对Bi-2201相微结构和超导电性的影响

我们采用传统固相反应法成功制备了系列多晶样品Bi_(1.6)Pb_(0.4)Sr_(2-x)(Ce_(1-y)Eu_y)_xCuO_z(x=0.1,0.2;0≤y≤1),并且用XRD和电阻率分别对其晶体结构和输运性质进行了研究.XRD结果表明,当Ce/Eu共掺杂量x=0.1时,样品成单相,当x=0.2时,会有杂相出现;随着Eu掺杂量的增加及相应Ce掺杂量的减少,样品的晶胞参数a,b稍有增大,晶胞参数c则显著增大;电阻率测量表明,随着Eu掺杂量的增加,样品的超导转变温度Tocnset可以提高到21K,Ce掺杂对超导电性有一定的抑制作用,而Eu掺杂却能够改善超导电性,其中Tconset随Ce/Eu掺杂量的变化可以用电荷转移模型进行合理解释.     

Sm2-xCexCuO4的物性研究

制备了Sm2-xCexCuO4的多晶样品.X-射线粉末衍射结果表明,该系列样品为K2NiF4214结构,当0.090.17时,为T'相.电阻率测量在0.15,0.17,0.19样品上观测到超导转变.最高Tc对应于x=0.17为13.6K,均远低于(Pr0.8La1.2)1.85Ce1.2CuO4 的超导转变温度(30K).这是由于该系列样品在远高于超导转变温度时就存在更强的载流子局域化效应.磁化率测量结果表明x=0.17的样品为体超导.该体系样品的Tc低、抗磁信号小与载流子的强局域化效应有关.热电势测量结果表明,在最佳超导组份附近斜率改变符号,欠掺杂区域载流子为电子型,过掺杂区域载流子为空穴型.     

掺Ce的Bi-2212的低温电输运性质

在小型制冷机上，测量了掺Ce的Bi-2212(Bi2Sr2Ca1-xCexCu2O8 y,x=0.1,0.2,0,3,0.4）样品10K到300K温度范围内的电阻率，随着Ce掺杂浓度x的增加，样品的电输运性质表现出由金属到绝缘体的转变，注意到Ce掺杂的变价性，我们对这灯混坐体系中两相共存的可能性进行了分析和讨论。     

CeO_2掺杂对BSCCO超导性能和微观结构的影响（英文）

用固相反应法制备了所有的掺杂样品,并研究了掺入CeO_2(x=0.0-2.0wt%)对Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3Oδ超导体性能的影响.研究表明,超导材料的性能如临界温度、微观结构和超导相的形成都与CeO_2的掺杂量有很大的关系.CeO_2的掺入可以改变(Bi,Pb)-2223相的体积分数,并且,0.2wt%CeO_2的掺杂提高了样品的Tc(onset).同时,SEM照片显示:当CeO_2掺杂比例从0.0wt%至0.2wt%时,样品的微观结构变的越来越致密,这表明适当的CeO_2掺杂量能提高样品的结晶性和促进晶粒的生长.然而,对于x=2.0wt%的掺杂样品,在R-T曲线没有观察到零电阻现象,说明掺入过量的CeO_2破坏了相邻晶粒之间的连接性以及超导相的晶体结构.     

钡位Mg掺杂对YBa2Cu3O7-δ晶体结构和超导电性的影响

利用XRD对系列样品YBa2-xMgxCu3O7-δ的晶体结构进行研究,给出了体系相结构的掺杂效应,结果发现,随着掺杂量的增加(x=0～0.2),样品的晶体结构由正交相向四方相转变.同时采用四引线法对掺杂样品YBa2-xMgxCu3O7-δ的超导电性能进行了系统测量,结果表明随着Mg掺杂量的增加超导转变温度总体呈明显降低趋势.初步分析了Ba位Mg掺杂所引起的晶体结构变化对超导电性的影响.该研究结果为高温超导机理的进一步研究提供了实验资料.     

赝能隙导致的YBa2(Cu1－xMx)3O7-δ(M=Co,Zn)薄膜的输运性质异常

报道了两类典型元素替代的超导Y123相体系-YBa2(Cu1-xCox)3O7-δ(x=001,002)和YBa2(Cu1-yZny)3O7-δ(y=0005,0010)薄膜的电阻率温度特性(ρ(T))和Hall效应(RH(T)).研究表明,Co掺杂的Y123相体系十分类似于氧欠掺杂的情况,对Co掺杂的薄膜样品,由电阻率温度特性定义的赝能隙打开的温度T分别为193和225K.而Zn掺杂的样品没有观察到赝能隙打开对电阻率温度特性的影响.由Hall效应的测量和Hall角(cotθH)定义了另一个特征温度T0, 关键词： 赝能隙 Y123相 Hall效应     

Magnetic ordering in HoRu2Si2, HoRh2Si2, TbRh2Si2 and TbIr2Si2 by neutron diffraction

Neutron diffraction study of polycrystalline HoRu₂Si₂, HoRh₂Si₂, TbRh₂Si₂, and TbIr₂Si₂ was performed in the temperature range between 4.2 and 300 K. For HoRu₂Si₂ the magnetic spin alignment of a linear transverse wave mode below the Néel temperature 19 K is observed. This static moment wave is propagating along the b-axis with k=(0, 0.2, 0) and is polarized in the c-axis. The root-mean-square and maximum saturation moments per Ho atom are 9.26 and 13.09μ_B, respectively. HoRh₂Si₂, TbRh₂Si₂ an TbIr₂Si₂ are simple collinear antiferromagnets of +-+- type with Néel temperatures of (27±1), (98±2) and (72±3) K, respectively. For TbRh₂Si₂ and TbIr₂Si₂ magnetic moments are localized on RE ions only and are aligned along the tetragonal axis, while for HoRh₂Si₂ they form an angle ø = (28±3)°.     

μ+SR study of LaNi2As2, URh2Si2 and CeRh2Si2

Muon spin relaxation experiments have been carried out in the paramagnetic and magnetically ordered states of URh₂Si₂ and CeRh₂Si₂. As the magnetic structure of these compounds is well known, these measurements can help to characterise their magnetic properties probed by μSR and to understand the μSR results of the heavy fermion compounds of the same crystallographic family. Our measurements show that the muons occupy two different crystallographic sites. The spectra of URh₂Si₂ and CeRh₂Si₂ in the magnetically ordered states are very different, probably reflecting their different magnetic structures. The spectra obtained on CeRh₂Si₂ are similar to the published spectra of the heavy fermion compound CeCu_2.1 Si₂. Muon spin rotation measurements on LaNi₂As₂ indicate that the muon is diffusing at 150 K.     

13C-selective IRMPD of CBr2F2/Cl2 and CCl2F2/Br2 systems

The CO₂ TEA laser irradiation of CBr₂F₂ in the presence of Cl₂ yielded ¹³C-enriched CBrClF₂ and ¹³C-enriched CCl₂F₂ under selected experimental conditions. As the photolysis proceeded, the ¹³C concentration of CBrClF₂ decreased gradually and that of CCl₂F₂ increased up to 90% or higher. These results can be explained by the mechanism involving the secondary ¹³C-selective IRMPD of the primary product CBrClF₂. On the other hand, the carbon-containing product for a CCl₂F₂/Br₂ system was only CBrClF₂; the further IRMPD of which probably regenerated CBrClF₂ in the presence of Br₂. The decomposition probabilities of ¹²C- and ¹³C-containing molecules in both systems were measured as functions of laser line, laser fluence, and reactant pressures.     

Superconductivity in LaPd_2Bi_2 with CaBe_2Ge_2-type structure

正Since the discovery of superconductivity in LaFeAsO_(1-x)F_x,the high-T_c iron-based superconductors have been extensively studied from both experimental and theoretical viewpoints [1-8]. However, the mechanism of the unconventional superconductivity is still to be resolved. To     

Polar optic phonons in Hg2Cl2 and Hg2Br2

Far infrared (30–430 cm^?1) reflectivity measurements of Hg₂Cl₂ and Hg₂Br₂ single crystals have been performed in polarized light. The spectra, which are in agreement with group-theoretical predictions, were analyzed by the oscillator fitting procedure and Kramers-Kronig method. The results are compared with the existing data from other measurements and the large anisotropy of polar modes is briefly discussed. The polarization vectors of all long-wavelength symmetry modes were determined group-theoretically.     

Magnetostriction of SmMn2Ge2 and GdMn2Ge2 intermetallic compounds

Longitudinal and transverse magnetostrictions of polycrystalline samples of intermetallic compounds RMn₂Ge₂ (R=Sm or Gd) are measured in pulsed magnetic fields up to 250 kOe. It is found that linear magnetostrictive strains of about 10^?3 arise in a temperature range in which the magnetic field causes a change in the magnetic state of a manganese magnetic subsystem. The results obtained are described within the model of a two-sublattice ferrimagnet with a negative exchange interaction in the manganese subsystem in terms of a strong dependence of this interaction on interatomic distances.     

Structural,magnetic and neutron diffraction studies on TbFe2-TbAl2, TbCo2-TbAl2 and HoCo2-HoAl2

Both pseudobinary systems exhibit large homogeneous regions of cubic and hexagonal Laves phases. Ordering tendencies on crystallographic sites between Al and the transition metals are observed in the hexagonal type.Electron transfer to the transition metals quenches their moments so that they become nonmagnetic at high Al concentrations. The peculiarities in the mechanism of magnetization which appear in rare earth dialuminides when Al is replaced by a transition metal have been studied in detail at cryogenic temperatures.The first replacement of Al results in a decrease in saturation moment. Neutron diffraction verifies the low ordered rare earth sublattice moments and reveals the ‘lost part’ as a disordered component. Considerable magnetic hardness develops in certain regions of concentration often connected with spontaneous increases in magnetization with field. All available evidence suggests the presence of unusual domain wall effects to be responsible for this effect. High remanences develop in both the hexagonal and in the cubic structures in the intermediate region. The development of disordered magnetic components is connected either with the disorder on crystallographic sites or changes in the free electron concentration.