不同线圈结构高温超导脉冲变压器电磁性能分析

高温超导脉冲变压器是电感储能型脉冲功率电源的重要设备之一,在脉冲功率技术中有良好的发展前景。选择合理的线圈结构,能提升超导脉冲变压器的储能密度,降低脉冲功率电源的成本。设计了采用D型、跑道型线圈的单模块超导脉冲变压器,利用有限元仿真软件Ansys EM建立了三种结构超导变压器的模型,计算并分析了结构对脉冲变压器耦合系数和超导线圈储能密度的影响。仿真结果表明,当带材总量一定,圆环形线圈和D型线圈单模块超导脉冲变压器的储能容量和耦合系数较高,跑道型线圈较低;考虑线圈中心空气域,D型线圈变压器的超导线圈储能密度最大。     

高温超导脉冲变压器线圈结构参数影响分析

用于脉冲功率电源的高温超导脉冲变压器,集超导储能与脉冲放电为一体,在脉冲功率技术中有着良好的发展前景。设置合理的线圈结构参数可以提升高温超导脉冲功率变压器的耦合系数和储能容量,满足脉冲功率电源小型化、轻量化的优化目标。本文利用有限元仿真软件Anysys EM,建立了同轴饼式线圈叠加结构的单模块变压器模型和环形结构的多模块变压器模型,根据磁场分布和后期计算,分析了结构参数对脉冲变压器耦合系数和原边超导线圈的储能的影响。仿真分析结果表明,在77 K时,采用相同用线量的情况下,单模块高温超导脉冲变压器耦合系数和原边电感线圈的储能随线圈高度减小逐渐增大;多模块高温超导脉冲变压器减小线圈高度、增大内半径能够获得较高的性能,为超导脉冲变压器的脉冲电源实验验证提供了一定的参考依据。     

基于超导储能脉冲变压器的多模块脉冲电源设计

为了探索一种更加紧凑的导轨型电磁推进基础实验用脉冲电源,以实验室现有高温超导储能脉冲变压器为单元模型,在单谐振电路脉冲成形方案的基础上,设计了环形结构的多模块脉冲电源,分析了环形结构中考虑互感的多模脉冲电源电路的充放电过程。通过对八模块环形结构脉冲电源进行仿真分析,得到了接近150kA的电流脉冲,原边电压限制13kV左右。可以得出,利用单谐振电路的多模块超导储能脉冲变压器并联放电方式,可以实现大电流脉冲的输出的要求,而且环形结构中各线圈存在的互感更有利于多模块脉冲电源。     

用于脉冲电源的高温超导脉冲变压器模型及其参数影响分析

高温超导脉冲变压器用于能量存储以及电流脉冲放大,是电感储能型脉冲电源的重要设备。为了合理地设计高温超导脉冲变压器线圈的几何参数,满足脉冲功率系统体积小型化和储能密集化的发展趋势,本文选择了同轴饼式线圈叠加结构的脉冲变压器模型,利用有限元仿真软件Ansoft Maxwell进行建模仿真,分析了几何参数对高温超导脉冲变压器原边超导线圈的临界电流密度、储能容量、线圈中超导带材的受力以及变压器耦合系数的影响。通过对仿真结果的综合分析,得出原边超导线圈的高厚比小于0.3时,小型高温超导脉冲变压器可以获得较高的性能,为脉冲功率技术的基础性实验验证研究提供了一定的理论基础。     

超导电感储能连续脉冲电源工作模式改进研究

为适应连续电磁发射要求,提高连续脉冲电源放电的可控性与灵活性,通过引入放电指令等待阶段,对超导电感储能连续脉冲电源工作模式进行改进。该放电指令等待阶段包含充电和续流两个交替状态,首先对改进后的工作模式进行原理分析,再通过仿真对比分析放电指令等待阶段两种状态下放电的工作过程,最后通过实验验证了续流等待状态下放电的可行性。结果表明,脉冲电源电路能在放电指令等待阶段中等待和响应放电指令,实现放电时刻的可控和灵活切换。     

脉冲功率系统储能型超导脉冲变压器放电研究

为了研究储能型超导脉冲变压器的电气参数对输出电流脉冲和效率的影响,介绍了储能型超导脉冲变压器的工作机理,运用MATLAB/Simulink软件对放电过程进行丁建模仿真.主要研究了储能型超导脉冲变压器放电电路的电阻参数(包括释能电阻与负载电阻)和电感参数(包括脉冲变压器原边电感和副边电感)对输出的电流脉冲和效率的影响.仿...     

电容参数对超导储能重复频率脉冲电源性能影响

介绍了单级超导电感储能重复频率脉冲电源电路,对放电过程及转换电路中电容器的作用进行了分析,建立了单级脉冲电源的基础试验平台和电路仿真模型,利用仿真分析了不同电容参数对脉冲电源性能的影响。仿真波形与实际试验波形具有较好的一致性,能够很好地反映超导电感储能重复频率脉冲电源的输出性能,证明了电路仿真模型是可行的。仿真结果表明:电容参数对电容电压和最大电容储能比例影响较大,对输出脉冲峰值和负载的实际能量利用效率影响相对较小,选择较大的电容参数,可以降低电容电压,从而降低脉冲电源对断路开关的耐压要求,但是同样会降低输出脉冲峰值和增大最大电容储能比例。在未来大功率系统中,应在满足断路开关耐压的条件下,选择较小的电容参数。     

基于超导脉冲变压器的连续脉冲电源模块化研究

为了探索连续电磁发射用电感储能连续脉冲电源,首先对基于单模块高温超导脉冲变压器的连续脉冲电源电路及其实验验证结果进行了分析,然后在单模块的基础上设计了多模块的电路拓扑和多模块超导脉冲变压器线圈模型,最后利用多模块脉冲电源的设计参数,进行了连续脉冲成形仿真。通过构建3组环形结构,每组12个模块的高温超导脉冲变压器,在0.1Hz的固定工作频率下,系统总储能5.7MJ,负载电流脉冲峰值可达640k A,放电结束后原边电感回收的剩余能量占总储能的44.4%。仿真结果证明了脉冲电源模块化方案的可行性,在放电结束后的系统剩余能量能够有效回收利用,不过断路开关电压仍然较大,需要较多的断路开关串联使用。     

小型YBCO超导脉冲变压器线圈结构优化设计

超导脉冲变压器在电感储能的脉冲功率电源技术中具有非常大的应用潜力.设计合理的线圈结构参数,可以减小脉冲功率电源系统的体积和成本.本文基于YBCO超导带材的临界特性,探讨了高温超导线圈的临界电流计算方法,以饼式线圈叠加形式为超导脉冲变压器的基本结构,通过有限元仿真软件Ansoft Maxwell建模分析了结构参数对脉冲变压器中超导线圈的最大磁场、临界电流密度、储能和变压器耦合系数的影响.通过结果分析,确定了能够实现较大储能和较高耦合系数要求的结构参数范围,最后综合脉冲功率电源的要求选择了一个小型高温超导脉冲变压器的结构参数.     

高温超导混合脉冲变压器的研制与放电测试研究

为了利用脉冲变压器模式有效提升输出电流,介绍了一种在常规脉冲变压器基础上引入超导技术混合应用的方法.通过理论分析和参数计算,研制出了由3个超导双饼绕组和2个单饼式铜绕组组成的实验用高温超导混合脉冲变压器.对研制好的混合变压器进行脉冲放电测试,实验结果表明:在初始电容器充电610V的条件下,变压器副边实现2.6kA的大电...     

Dispersion-mode pulsed laser

A new self-consistency condition in pulsed lasers with strong intracavity dispersion imposes dispersion modes with specific cavity-length dependent pulse rates, utilizing pulse-train self-imaging properties of a temporal Talbot effect. We give an experimental demonstration of such a laser operation, using a long fiber cavity. We also demonstrate temporal Talbot imaging of a train of short pulses that propagate along large distances of dispersive fibers.     

CLAVI pulsed cathodoluminescence spectroscope

Technical parameters of a CLAVI pulsed cathodoluminescence spectroscope are presented. The device is used for the nondestructive spectral luminescence analysis of defects in solid optical and laser materials (crystals, glasses, and ceramic materials). Illustrating examples are presented. Original Text ? Astro, Ltd., 2006.     

Yb-Bi pulsed fiber lasers

A new type of pulsed fiber laser is suggested and developed - Yb-Bi lasers. In such lasers the Yb fiber laser is Q-switched by use of a saturable absorber, a Bi-doped fiber placed in its own resonator, and pulsed lasing is obtained in both fiber lasers. Continous-wave diode-clad pumping of the Yb-Bi lasers at a 975 nm wavelength with power up to 16.5 W results in pulsed laser action in a spectral diapason of 1050-1200 nm with a maximum pulse energy of up to 100 microJ, an average power up to 7.5 W, and a repetition rate up to 100 kHz.     

Pressure-shock-controlled pulsed molecular beams

A method of controlling the duration of pulses of intense molecular beams is suggested. The idea of the method is the shortening of an initial molecular beam pulse by producing a pressure shock in front of a solid surface through which the beam passes. Experiments on shortening H₂, He, SF₆, SF₆/H₂(1/10), and SF₆/He(1/10) molecular beam pulses are reported. The parameters of the beams incident on, and transmitted through, the surface are studied. The gas density in the initial beam and in the pressure shock before the surface is estimated. The intensity and duration of shortened molecular pulses are found as a function of the initial intensity, angle of incidence, and the diameter of a hole on the surface through which the beam passes. It is established that the duration of the shortened beam decreases greatly with increasing incident intensity and decreasing hole diameter. It is shown that intense pulsed H₂, He, SF₆, SF₆/H₂(1/10), and SF₆/He(1/10) molecular beams with a pulse duration of ≤10–15 μs and an extent of ≤1–2 cm can be generated with the method suggested.     

Inverse pulsed laser deposition

Since the advent of pulsed laser deposition (PLD), several different target-substrate arrangements have been proposed. Besides the most common on-axis PLD, several off-axis geometries were studied, mainly to protect the substrate from the agglomerated species (clusters, droplets, particulates) of the plasma plume, which are detrimental to the homogeneity of films. Recently we introduced a novel geometry, termed inverse pulsed laser deposition (IPLD), in which the substrate is placed parallel to and slightly above the target plane. In this paper we summarize our results on this new geometry, and show how it can extend the perspectives of pulsed laser deposition, e.g., by improving the surface morphology of the films. Effects of ambient pressure are presented and exemplified on metallic and compound IPLD films, including Ti, CN _x , and Ti-oxides. AFM topographic images are used to prove that under optimized conditions IPLD is capable of growing compact and smooth films that are superior to PLD ones. A special—but easy-to-implement—IPLD arrangement is also introduced that considerably improves the homogeneity of IPLD films. In this geometry, the properties (e.g., deposition rate and roughness) of the films grown in the 1–25 Pa pressure domain are examined.     

Self-mode-locked pulsed monomode laser

We predict the existence of a new pulsed-laser operation regime, when the phases and polarizations of the two coupled cold-cavity eigenstates of a monomode solid-state laser are taken into account in the derivation of the Maxwell-Bloch equations. This monomode pulsed regime is experimentally observed, without any normal mode locking or Q switching occurring inside the cavity. We obtain close agreement between experiments and theory, even in the simple case of a Nd:YAG microchip laser, for which sech(2) pulses at nearly megahertz repetition rates are readily observed.     

Dual-wavelength injection-locked pulsed laser

An injection-locked pulsed Ti:sapphire laser oscillating at dual wavelengths is demonstrated for the first time to our knowledge. By use of two feedback loops, seeds of two independent master lasers are locked on specific longitudinal modes of a power oscillator, leading to a stable dual-wavelength oscillation over a long time scale. The two injection-locked pulsed outputs completely overlap in time, with spectral purities reaching a Fourier-transform limit. The dual-wavelength oscillation is controlled by the master lasers only, allowing for flexible selectivity of the two wavelengths and full controllability of the relative two-wavelength pulsed energies.     

Kinetics of pulsed cathodoluminescence

The kinetics of pulsed cathodoluminescence, which appears upon irradiation of condensed media with high-power electron beams of nanosecond duration, is analyzed. Four types of emission are considered: recombination emission, exciton emission, intracenter emission, and emission of electron and hole centers. It is found that the maximum difference in the kinetics of the intensities of emission of these types occurs in the time interval t≤t ₁≈A ^?1, and, in the far afterglow, an exponential decay occurs with the characteristic time (2A)^?1 for the first and second types of luminescence and A ^?1 for the fourth type. For the intracenter luminescence, the decay time is equal to (2A)^?1 and A _i ^?1 for short-lived and long-lived radiative levels, respectively (A and A _i are the probabilities of linear recombination of electron-hole pairs and decay of a radiative level, respectively). In the case of long-lived radiative levels, a strong peak is observed in the spectrum of intracenter luminescence in the far afterglow.