低温储罐内分层形成与破坏过程的模拟研究

采用CFD模型追踪储罐内发生翻滚现象的过程以及可能产生的影响,对储罐在不同压力不同漏热量的翻滚进行评估。基于扩散理论和三大守恒方程建立了三维储罐模型,对不同密度的LNG充装过程进行了模拟,结果表明低密度液体在只考虑浮升力的作用下逐渐向上运动,重密度液体分布在储罐底部;同时建立了二维液体的分层模型,对罐底和罐壁受热两层混合过程进行模拟。     

云计算下石油化工罐区储罐液仪表设计与实现

近年来,随着我国互联网云计算的不断发展,云计算技术被应用于诸多领域。针对传统石油化工领域中储罐液仪表存在的罐内压力检测精准度差、温度感应灵敏度低与储罐液状态数据分析面窄等问题,提出云计算下石油化工罐区储罐液仪表设计。通过大数据运算核心进行框架构建,在此基础上,采用PCJD气流密度差算法、微感热源运算单元与数据流云算技术,对传统储罐液仪表进行设计改进,从问题的根源进行针对性解决。仿真对比试验证明,提出的云计算下石油化工罐区储罐液仪表设计,具有罐内液压力数据反馈精准度高,温度感应灵敏度高、储罐液综合数据分析速度快、数据分析完整度高等优点。     

低温储罐自增压特性的实验研究

LNG是一种易燃易爆的低温气体,通常采用无损储存。由于外界漏热,储罐内压力会不断上升,此升压速率对无损储存的安全有着重要的影响。文中建立了低温储罐自增压以及温度分层实验装置,对罐内的温度分层及此时的升压过程进行了实验研究。     

16万方LNG储罐预冷数值模拟研究

LNG储罐预冷是储罐预投产中最重要的的一个环节。目前研究中,预冷介质多通过单入口进入储罐,而在实际预冷过程中预冷介质多通过喷淋环进入储罐。为更全面地分析LNG储罐预冷过程,建立16×10~4m~3 LNG储罐预冷介质多入口三维预冷模型,通过FLUENT软件对LNG储罐喷淋预冷过程进行数值模拟,研究罐内物理场变化规律,结果表明:储罐预冷过程分为高温恒定阶段、快速温降阶段及后期缓慢温降阶段。预冷过程中,温度场与罐内流场相互影响,罐壁下部温度总是低于上部温度,罐内下部压力高于上部压力,压力梯度明显。储罐的左右两边均形成了涡流,罐底中心区域出现二次回流,减慢温降速度。     

基于压力变化的低温储罐日蒸发率研究

通过进行低温储罐静置试验,研究不同液位条件下罐内压力随时间的变化,根据低温介质物性方程和储罐容积公式,计算得到不同液位条件下储罐日蒸发率。结果表明,静置过程中罐内压力随时间呈线性变化,压力上升速率随液位降低而逐渐增加。日蒸发率随时间动态变化,储罐液位越低日蒸发率越大。当储罐液位从85%降低至12%时,压力上升速率变为原来的3倍,日蒸发率增加40多倍。储罐低液位存储时,压力上升速度明显增加,无损储存时间大幅减小,不利于液氮的长期静置存储。     

有限深密度分层流体中运动物体生成内波的一种等效质量源方法

采用一种等效移动质量源来模拟有限深密度分层流体中运动物体生成内波的体积效应和旋涡、湍流尾迹激发源,结合内波本征值问题及Fourier变换等方法,建立了计算运动物体生成内波垂向位移场的一种理论模型,提出了确定移动质量源速度、回转直径及长度的具体方法.利用该理论模型,对一类典型密度分层流体中运动球生成内波的波系与波形结构,以及波高特征等进行了数值模拟与分析,结果与Robey实验结果符合良好,表明了所建立理论模型的合理与有效性. 关键词： 分层流体 内波 等效质量源     

低温液体蒸发气再液化系统内BOG动态分析研究

低温液体蒸发气再液化系统漏热引起的储罐内低温液体蒸发气(BOG)蒸发速率和压力有效控制是试验正常进行的关键,通过对储罐内低温液体的热响应分析,建立罐内低温液体和BOG计算模型,对制冷机关闭情况下储罐内压力(BOG压力)和BOG蒸发速率随储存时间的变化过程进行数值计算。结果表明:随着储存时间的增大,储罐内压力升高、压力增长速率加快、BOG蒸发速率减小;液氮和BOG温度升高对储罐内压力升高速率具有显著的影响;制冷机可以实现对罐内压力和BOG量的调节控制。为制冷机控制方案的制定和后续开展低温液体BOG再液化试验研究提供理论基础。     

大型LNG储罐预冷模型及预冷参数计算

以16万方全容式常压LNG储罐为例,综合考虑储罐漏热及储罐材料比热容对储罐预冷过程的影响,建立预冷数学模型。计算结果表明:(1)冷却速率在-3K/h~-5K/h内,预冷介质用量与现场数据误差最大为5%,预冷时间的范围为39h~64h,得出最佳冷却速率-4.9K/h;(2)最佳冷却速率-4.9K/h下,罐内气体、9%Ni钢、铝吊顶、隔热层、漏热分别约占预冷介质用量的17%、29%、2%、46%和6%;(3)在允许温降范围内(-3K/h~-5K/h)提高冷却速率,可以减少储罐漏热消耗的预冷介质LNG用量。     

拼接型光栅对压缩器中刻线密度差对输出脉冲的影响及补偿方案

拼接型光栅对压缩器中子光栅的刻线密度不一致会降低压缩器的品质,补偿刻线密度差的影响对于提高输出脉冲的性能具有十分重要的意义.基于光线追迹的方法建立了理论模型,数值分析了刻线密度差所导致的出射光角度偏移及输出脉冲展宽程度.提出同时用水平角偏误差和纵向错位误差来补偿光栅刻线密度差影响的方案,给出不同刻线密度差时的理论光栅偏转角度和对应的平移距离以及该方案的补偿范围.利用空谱干涉测量方法,验证了该方案在一定范围内可校正出射光的角度偏转,较好地补偿二、三阶色散误差,且实验与理论结果较为符合.本研究可为拼接光栅压缩器的设计与调整提供指导.     

界面空间电荷对双层有机电致发光器件效率的影响

本文建立了双层有机电致发光器件中载流子在有机/有机界面复合的无序跳跃理论模型.计算表明:①内界面处电子和空穴的有效势垒高义决定OLEDs中的电子和空穴密度的分布,而电子与空穴密度又决定了电场强度的大小;且复合效率随着有效势垒高度的增加而增加;②当电压较低时,复合效率随载流子有效跳跃距离的增加而增加;当电压较高时,复合效率随载流子的有效跳跃距离的增加而减少;③当界面场强差较小时,有机层界面场强突变增大,复合效率增大,当界面场强差达临界值时,复合效率反而随着界面场强差的增大而减小.该理论模型可较好地解释相关的实验现象.     

白光和红绿蓝光LED可调光源研制

为了提高LED光源色温和亮度的调节精度和准确度,结合色温由低向高变化时光色所呈现的渐变特点,提出了一种低色温白光LED灯珠、高色温白光LED灯珠加红绿蓝光LED灯珠补偿式调光的方法.将色温分成三个部分进行调节,每个部分选用不同的LED灯珠组合来进行调光.实验结果表明:不同组合情况下的LED光源的初始输出色温相对于目标值的偏差范围在1％以内;亮度可以在保证色温不变的情况下独立进行调节,初始输出值与目标值的偏差范围在1％以内;经过微调之后可以达到目标值;达到了色温和亮度独立调节的要求;光源发光稳定,不会因为长时间工作而影响调节精度.     

Muonic and pionic L- and M-series in carbon and oxygen and the pionic 2p level shift and width of oxygen

Muonic and pionic X-rays of the L- and M-series in C and O have been measured with a Si(Li) detector in the energy range between 7 keV and 60 keV. The target consisted of mylar (C₅H₄O₂). Energies and intensities of 21 transitions have been determined. The strong interaction shift of the pionic 2p level in O was measured and found to be +4.1 ±2.3 eV. The measured width of this level is 11±6 eV. The measured yields have been compared with cascade calculations.     

Visualization and interferometry for cylindrical and spherical sample tomography and profilometry

A technique combining image processing and laser interferometry for visualizing and detecting the deformation of transparent cylindrical and spherical sample is proposed. This deformation includes geometric deformation such as volume transition in profilometry and physical deformation such as refractive index change in tomography. Phase contour lines are used for quantitative analysis and graphical representation of the deformation. This method allows us to visually detect the spatial variation of the deformation field and to evaluate the test quality such as misalignment of optical system. A theoretical analysis using phase contour map to characterize the deformation field is described in detail. A method using phase contour map to qualify the interferometric test is proposed. Analysis of test examples is carried out. Suggestions on using phase contour line method to ameliorate test system design are finally discussed.     

Nonlocal potentials and their exact and approximate local and velocity-dependent equivalents

We show that good approximations to the exact equivalent local potential (ELP) and damping factor of a nonlocal Perey-Buck potential can be calculated in the partial wave WKB approximation of Horiuchi. The exact ELP and damping factor are obtained by means of a method previously given by one of us. We also confirm that an approximate ELP proposed by Bauhoff et al. is of comparable accuracy as the Horiuchi approximation. Thesel-dependent ELP's exhibit reduced attraction in the interior and provide a test for higher order WKB approximations. We subsequently obtain an equivalent velocity dependent potential (EVDP) which is even exactly wave function equivalent to the original nonlocal potential. This almost local potential, unlike the trivial equivalent local potential, is smooth and well-behaved and is therefore particularly useful in nuclear reactions where the off-shell behaviour of the potential is important.     

Spin and Statistics and First Principles

It was shown in the early seventies that, in Local Quantum Theory (that is the most general formulation of Quantum Field Theory, if we leave out only the unknown scenario of Quantum Gravity) the notion of Statistics can be grounded solely on the local observable quantities (without assuming neither the commutation relations nor even the existence of unobservable charged field operators); one finds that only the well known (para)statistics of Bose/Fermi type are allowed by the key principle of local commutativity of observables. In this frame it was possible to formulate and prove the Spin and Statistics Theorem purely on the basis of First Principles.     

Quantum and Classical Disparity and Accord

Discrepancies and accords between quantum (QM) and classical mechanics (CM) related to expectation values and periods are generally found for both the harmonic oscillator (SHO) and a free particle in a box (FPB), which may apply generally. These indicate non-locality is expected throughout QM. The FPB energy states violate the Correspondence Principle. Previously unexpected accords are found and proven that 〈x ²〉 _CM =〈x ²〉 _QM and τ _CM =τ _QMb (beat period i.e. beats between the phases for adjoining energy states) for the SHO for all quantum numbers, n. However, for the FPB the beat periods differ at small n. It is shown that a particle’s velocity in an infinite square well varies, no matter how wide the box, nor how far the particle is from the walls. The quantum free particle variances share an indirect commonality with the Aharonov-Bohm and Aharonov-Casher effects in that there is a quantum action in the absence of a force. The concept of an “Expectation Value over a Partial Well Width” is introduced. This paper raises the question as to whether these inconsistencies are undetectable, or can be empirically ascertained. These inherent variances may need to be fixed, or nature is manifestly more non-classical than expected.