焊料层对热电制冷器性能的影响分析

热电制冷器广泛应用于热电制冷和热电发电等领域。建立了热电制冷器热电性能的三维有限元模型,进行多物理场耦合计算,考虑热电材料对温度的依赖性,对两种型号的热电制冷器中焊料层部分的结构尺寸进行了不同工况下的研究分析,对比不同焊料厚度和截面边长对热电制冷器最大温差及热电转换效率的影响。结果表明,焊料层截面边长和厚度对热电制冷器的最大温差影响显著,截面边长为热电壁尺寸的0.95～1.007 86范围内热电制冷器的最大温差能提升10 K,并且在0.970 59～0.975范围内达到最佳;厚度为0.08～0.093 3 mm时既能满足经济性又能使热电制冷器的最大温差提高13 K。     

不可逆热电制冷循环的性能优化准则

考虑了热电制冷循环中热阻、热漏和焦耳热等主要不可逆性，引入了特征参量功率消耗比r，借助装置设计参量X表征了内、外不可逆性，利用有限时间热力学建立了制冷功率、制冷系数与特征参量之间的基本优化关系，导出了协调制冷功率与制冷系数的参量r、X以及电流I的优化准则。     

圆锥形热电臂的热电制冷器制冷性能和热应力分析

建立了三维圆锥形热电臂的热电制冷器的有限元模型,考虑了热电材料对温度的依赖性,研究了输入电流和热电臂的几何形状对圆锥形热电臂的热电制冷器制冷性能和热应力的影响,并与传统矩形做了对比。研究结果表明,圆锥形热电臂形状的设计能减小热电制冷器的最大热应力,热端铜片与焊料连接处热应力较大容易遭到破坏,适当增加热电臂的高度和冷热端横截面积之比可使冷端温度分别降低11.56 K、9.5 K。优化后的圆锥形热电臂的热电制冷器与矩形相比,冷端温度降低了1.53 K,最大热应力减小了8.9%,制冷性能提升的同时最大热应力也有所减小。     

低温工况下冷风机结霜性能研究

文中以冷风机为研究对象,首先对低温工况下冷风机的结霜性能进行理论分析,并建立数学模型;其次通过实验,分析了结霜对翅片管效率、空气侧平均换热系数和空气侧压降的影响。结果证明:数值计算的结果和实验测试结果基本吻合,从而证明了数学模型的正确性与可靠性。     

CO_2冷风机性能实验研究

冷风机是冷库中的核心设备,而CO_2作为制冷剂优点良多。以CO_2冷风机为研究对象,设计了静压箱宽度可变的冷风机,实验研究了静压箱宽度、迎风面风速以及蒸发温度对CO_2冷风机性能的影响规律。结果显示,静压箱宽度增大时,迎风面风速均匀性越来越好。在一定范围内,传热系数与静压箱宽度呈正比关系。有最佳迎风面风速(3.2—3.6m/s)使冷风机性能最好。冷风机的传热系数和制冷量都与蒸发温度成正比。     

基于热电效应的水源热泵的制热性能研究

该研究结合热电理论推导出了制热性能系数、电流与冷热端温差的解析式,并搭建实验台进行研究,分析了水源温度、电流和水冷板流量对制热性能的影响.结果 表明:制热性能系数随水源温度的升高而增大,在实验范围内可达2.15;随着冷热端温差的增加,最大制热性能系数所对应的电流也不断变大,当温差由23℃增至34℃时,最佳工作电流由3....     

CO_2冷风机结构参数对换热性能影响的仿真研究

通过建立的数学仿真模型,对冷风机的运行性能进行了仿真模拟。得到了冷风机结构参数(管间距、翅片间距和翅片厚度)对其性能的影响:随着冷风机翅片间距的增大,传热系数增大,相反的制冷量减小;随着管间距的逐渐增大,传热系数减小,相反的制冷量增大;随着翅片厚度的增大,传热系数和制冷量均呈现增大的趋势,但随着翅片厚度的持续增大,制冷量的变化梯度逐渐变小。管间距和翅片间距对冷风机性能会产生很大的影响。     

热电制冷技术研究与应用

热电制冷技术是一种主要基于帕尔贴效应的新型制冷技术,由于其具有结构简单、制冷迅速、寿命长等优点,热电制冷技术受到了越来越多的关注.通过对国内外相关文献的研究,对热电制冷技术的原理进行了阐述,并对热电制冷的应用和性能优化两方面的发展进行了综述.     

热电制冷器的过冷特性及其性能的优化综述

固态、体积小、无噪音、可靠性高和绿色环保等优点使得热电制冷器(Thermoelectric cooler,TEC)成为目前应用最为广泛的制冷器件之一.自热电材料问世以来,围绕提升热电制冷性能的研究主要集中于制备高Z值的热电材料.1970年发现的过冷特性则改变了这一现状,使得采用同样材料制作的TIEC可以达到更大的瞬态温...     

单级多单元热电制冷机制冷率优化

以不可逆单级多单元热电制冷机为研究对象,综合考虑热电单元内部效应、热电单元尺寸、热电材料物性随温度变化的特性、外部有限速率传热不可逆性,建立了较完备的有限时间热力学模型。在有限速率传热、有限尺寸(给定换热器总热导率、热电单元总数等)约束下,同步优化工作电流、热电单元尺寸和换热器热导率分配,得到装置的最大制冷率,并分析了重要参数对最大制冷率及最优变量的影响,所得结果可为热电制冷机设计提供指导。     

Natural thermoelectric heat pump in social wasps

Photographs of wasps or hornets, taken with different temperature sensitive infrared cameras, reveal body temperatures that are sometimes significantly lower than the ambient temperature. This suggests that the hornets possess an intrinsic biological heat pump mechanism which can be used to achieve such cooling. Evidence is presented to substantiate this novel suggestion and to argue that the heat pump is most likely implemented by exploiting a thermoelectric effect in the hornet cuticle. Such a natural heat pump can conceivably also serve to cool the active hornet, engaged in daytime activities outside the nest at ambient temperatures exceeding 40 degrees C, to a body temperature that is low enough to allow its survival in extreme thermal conditions. It might also function as a means of raising the body temperature up to a level that enables the hornet to remain active even when the ambient temperature is as low as 10 degrees C.     

气液双热源耦合热泵空调性能模拟研究

建立了气液双热源耦合换热器的耦合换热模型,并对其在耦合热源热泵空调中应用时的制热工况进行了性能模拟研究。模拟结果显示,使用该气液双热源耦合式换热器的耦合热源热泵空调系统,气液双热源模式与单空气热源模式相比,制热量和COP均有明显提高,低温时性能提高更为显著。当室外温度为-15℃时,双热源热泵的制热量较单一空气源热泵提高比例进一步增大,制热量提高近40%,COP提高近30%。     

冷却物冷藏间冷风机的空气除霜实验研究

冷却物冷藏间以贮藏果蔬为主,当贮藏品种产于热带地区,贮藏温度高于0℃。由于贮藏温度距水的冰点不远,制冷系统的蒸发温度会低于冰点,在工作过程中蒸发器表面必然结霜。文中对冷间温度高于冰点,蒸发温度低于冰点的冷库制冷系统,进行了空气除霜和"依次除霜法"实验,通过冷风机回风区空气温度、冷风机蒸发管组翅片温度的测量,结合肉眼观察认为,库温为5℃的情况下,依靠制冷压缩机停机阶段,冷风机风扇常开,能够基本除掉上次制冷过程产生的结霜,当制冷系统规律工作8小时,前期制冷过程积累的结冰可以通过"依次除霜法"依次关闭除霜冷风机的供液电磁阀15分钟,在保证库房降温的前提下,能够彻底除掉蒸发器表面的结霜。     

冷却水流量对CO2空气源热泵气体冷却器换热性能影响的实验研究

以CO_2为工质,对空气源热泵热水器矩形螺旋套管气体冷却器的换热特性进行实验研究,搭建了空气源热泵热水器实验台,测试分析冷却水流量的变化对冷却水进出口温差、CO_2进出口压力与温度、CO_2质量流量、气体冷却器总换热量、总传热系数及热泵系统COP等参数的影响,探究其对气体冷却器换热性能的变化规律。结果表明:随着冷却水流量的增加,冷却水进出口温差、CO_2进出口压力和温度均呈下降趋势,CO_2质量流量则呈上升趋势;气体冷却器的总换热量增加49.70%,总传热系数增加57.55%,COP增加73.41%,增幅较大;而气体冷却器换热效能系数仅增加1.77%,变化趋势不明显。     

太阳能辅助空气源热泵空调低温特性研究

为了改善和提高空气源热泵空调冬季低温环境下的工作性能,设计了以翅片-套管复合式换热器为核心部件,以太阳能低温热水作为辅助热源的太阳能辅助空气源热泵空调,并对该热泵空调进行了低温工况性能测试。实验结果证明,当室外环境温度低至-15℃时,太阳能辅助空气源热泵空调与单一空气源热泵空调相比,系统性能得到明显改善,COP提高50%以上。     

Performance of a dehumidifying compression heat pump with auxiliary heat input

Experiments are carried out on a R114 dehumidifying heat pump installed in a closed circuit drying tunnel. The influence of auxiliary heat input before condenser and/or evaporator are studied. Actual coefficient of performance varied from about 2 to 3. Studies throw light on the significance of the location of the auxiliary heat input in the drying circuit. It is observed that the dryer temperature could be controlled within certain limits using the low grade heat input before the condenser or evaporator. This could substitute high temperature heat conventionally input after the condenser. This is also significant if the same dryer has to be used for drying different materials which require different drying temperatures.     

Rigorous investigation of heat pump assisted distillation

In this work a propylene-propane splitter assisted by a heat pump of the vapour recompression type is investigated by rigorous methods. Two schemes, a single compressor scheme and a double compressor scheme in parallel arrangement, are scrutinised and compared to the conventional stand alone column. The investigation includes parametric study, operability assessment and an estimation of the role of heat pump in minimising flue gas emissions. The parametric study of the influences of the column top pressure and the pressure lift of the heat pump on the economics shows, for both schemes at the optimal conditions, practically the same annual total cost, which is about 37% cheaper than the conventional stand alone column.The operability of the system is investigated by degrees of freedom analysis and steady state controllability parameters. The operability considerations show that in the case of the double compressor scheme, the column pressure can be independent of the threshold temperature of the condenser. Thus the column pressure can be determined to satisfy the optimum separation parameters. Due to this operability reason, the double compressor scheme is preferred to the single compressor scheme. The heat pump share in reducing flue gas emissions is estimated. It is found that about 60% of the flue gas emissions can be minimised when using a heat pump.     

Performance analysis of a tunneling thermoelectric heat engine with nano-scaled quantum well

A numerical model of a nano-scaled thermoelectric heat engine with InP/InAs/InP trilayer quantum well (QW) is investigated. The expressions of those performance parameters, such as current, power output, and efficiency are expressed. By numerical calculation, the resonant tunneling behavior of electrons in the QW is described, which seems like a very good energy selective electron mechanism for the heat engine. After considering the radiation heat leakage, for fixed layer thicknesses of the QW, the optimum working regions of the heat engine with respect to the chemical potentials and the bias voltage are obtained numerically under the economic criterion. From these results, the power output can be increased by narrowing down the layer thicknesses. In addition, owing to the radiant heat leakage, the efficiency initially increases in the working regions and then decreases when the layer thicknesses increase gradually, from which one can obtain a maximum efficiency by optimizing layer thicknesses of QW. These results calculated here may provide a guide for the optimum designs of tunneling thermoelectric devices.     

新型带热回收装置的热泵空调系统的应用研究

传统的风冷式热回收热泵系统只有在制取生活热水这段时间内是高效运行的,而传统的水冷式热泵系统难以实现冬季的热泵循环,设计一种新型的风水冷热水空调系统,在热回收器上连接冷却塔,在夏季制冷运行中,将不需要热回收的那部分热量完全通过冷却水带走,保证系统都能在较高性能系数的状态下运行。经过实际工程运行验证,系统的最高制冷性能系数可以达到3.5,最高综合性能系数可以达到6.5,达到了节能的目的。