电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法同时测定荞麦秸秆中的8种重金属元素

基于硝酸-盐酸-氢氟酸消解体系,建立了马弗炉-微波消解-电感耦合离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法同时测定荞麦秸秆中的Cr、Cu、Ag、Mn、Fe、As、Ni、Pb等重金属含量测定方法。在微波消解的过程中,分别考察5种不同组合的混合酸体系及两种消解方法对荞麦秸秆中8种重金属测试结果的影响。实验结果表明,浓硝酸-浓盐酸-氢氟酸(6∶2∶2)混酸体系和马弗炉-微波消解样品前处理优于其他方法。在优化条件下,8种重金属加标回收率为91.2%~102%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)为0.22%~4.7%,检出限为0.18~9.41μg/L。方法操作简便、快速、准确,结果可靠,能同时测定荞麦秸秆中8种重金属元素。     

微波消解/ICP-AES法测定污水处理厂污泥中的重金属

采用微波消解/电感耦合等离子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定了城市污水处理厂污泥中Cd、Cr、Cu、Mn、Mo、Ni、Pb、Zn等8种重金属元素,并优化了ICP仪器工作参数及微波消解条件.方法的检出限为0.001～0.01mg/L.相对标准偏差为2.0%～9.2%(n=7),回收率为85.3%～105.0%.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法同时测定 荞麦秸秆中的重金属

基于硝酸-盐酸-氢氟酸消解体系,建立马弗炉-微波消解-电感耦合离子体质谱法同时测定荞麦秸秆中的Cr、Cu、Ag、Mn、Fe、As、Ni、Pb等重金属含量测定方法。在微波消解的过程中,分别考察五种不同组合的混合酸体系及两种消解方法对荞麦秸秆中八种重金属测试结果的影响。实验结果表明浓硝酸-浓盐酸-氢氟酸（6:2:2）混酸体系和马弗炉-微波消解样品前处理优于其他方法。在优化条件下八种重金属加标回收率为91.16~102.12%,相对标准偏差（RSD,n=5）为0.22% ~ 4.65%,检出限为0.18~9.41??g/L。该方法操作简便、快速、准确,结果可靠,同时测定荞麦秸秆中八种重金属。     

微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定鱼肉和河蚌中的重金属

建立微波消解样品,石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定鱼肉和河蚌中重金属Pb,Cd,Cr,Cu,Ni含量的方法。优化了石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定条件,在最佳实验条件下,选用磷酸二氢铵作为Pb,Cd,Cr,Cu的基体改进剂,抗坏血酸作为Ni的基体改进剂。Pb,Cd,Cr,Cu,Ni的检出限分别为0.05,0.01,0.05,0.05,0.07μg/g,实际样品测定结果的相对标准偏差为6.3%~14.5%(n=6),加标回收率为84.5%~113.0%。测定了牡蛎标准参考样,测定值在标准值可接受范围内。该方法检出限低、准确度高,适用于鱼类、河蚌样品中重金属含量的分析。     

微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收法测定沉积物中重金属的全量及形态

优化了微波消解沉积物样品前处理方法,选择了HNO3-HF体系。以沉积物标准物质(GBW07436)为参照对象,选用HNO3-HF微波消解提取重金属全量,采用BCR三步法提取重金属形态,建立了石墨炉原子吸收光谱法(GFAAS)测定As,Cd,Pb,Cr,Cu,Mn,Zn,Ni,Co 9种重金属全量及形态的方法。结果表明,重金属全量测定结果误差为-4.58%~7.33%,BCR形态结果误差为-7.9%~11.6%,符合质控误差范围要求。各重金属形态之和提取率为88.96%~109.36%。对于含多种重金属的沉积物样品,微波消解-GFAAS分析可作为其重金属形态与总量研究的一种分析手段。     

ICP-OES测定三种方法消解土壤中重金属含量的研究

采用电热板消解、全自动石墨消解、微波消解三种不同的消解方法对四种土壤标准样品进行前处理消解,使用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-OES)测定其中Pb、Cu、Zn、Ni、Cr五种重金属的含量,并对三种消解方法效果进行对比。结果表明,在检出限方面,三种方法均达到要求,微波消解检出限最低。在精密性上,三种方法的五种元素的相对标准偏差均小于10%。在准确性方面,电热板消解后Pb的测定出现个别值不在标准值范围。     

等离子体发射光谱法测定城市污泥中重金属

采用微波消解技术消解处理样品,建立了等离子体发射光谱法同时检测城市污泥中微量金属元素Cu、Zn、Ni、Cd、Cr、K、B及Pb的方法。讨论了微波消解液、消解参数对消解效果的影响,在最佳实验条件下,微波消解法各元素测定结果的相对标准偏差为1．06％-3．20％（n=6）,加标回收率为93．1％-104．0％。结果表明该方法精密度高,准确性好,快速简单,适于城市污泥中的重金属的测定。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定人面果树中的重金属元素

建立了微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定人面果树中As,Cr,Cd,Pb,Ni,Se,Hg 7种重金属元素含量的方法。样品采用HNO3-H2O2消解体系,避免了赶酸的操作,经微波消解后,用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测定样品中As,Cr,Cd,Pb,Ni,Se,Hg 7种重金属元素的含量。方法对7种元素的校准曲线的相关系数r>0.9997,检出限在0.0098～0.0874μg/L之间,回收率在93%～115%之间,RSD在0.41%～4.9%。     

微波消解-ICP-MS法同时测定土壤中8种重(类)金属元素

通过优化微波消解的温度和时间、消解试剂类型和体积等条件,建立了ICP-MS同时测定土壤中7种重金属(Hg,Cd,Pb,Cr,Zn,Ni,Cu2+)和一种类金属(As)的方法。采用HNO3-HF-H2O2混酸体系,将样品完全消解。各元素线性相关系数≥0.9992,方法检出限为0.02~1.00 mg/kg,日间和日内相对标准偏差≤6.2%,回收率在91.3%~104.9%之间,土壤标准物质GBW07457和NILMA049的测得值与标准值吻合度高。实际土壤样品分析结果显示,Cd是目标区域土壤中的主要污染物,对土壤环境质量影响较高。     

微波消解-高分辨连续光源原子吸收光谱法测定锁阳和韭菜籽中的重金属元素含量

利用微波消解-高分辨连续光源原子吸收光谱法测定锁阳、韭菜籽两种中药材中铜(Cu)、铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、铬(Cr)、砷(As)和汞(Hg)的含量.采用微波消解进行样品前处理,火焰原子吸收法测定其中的Cu含量,石墨炉原子吸收法测定Pb、Cd和Cr含量,氢化物发生原子吸收法测定As、Hg含量.方法线性关系良好,相关系数R^2大于0.999,加标回收率为95.61%~100.1%,RSD为0.8%~3.3%,测得锁阳和韭菜籽中Cu、Pb、Cd、Cr、As和Hg的含量值均低于《药用植物及制剂进口绿色行业标准》和食品安全国家标准《食品中污染物限量》(GB2762-2012)中规定的限量指标.方法分析速率快、干扰少、精密度高,适用于中药材中重金属含量的测定.     

国内光催化研究进展简述

分1975~1985, 1985~1995和1995~2012三个时期简要介绍了国内光催化研究进展, 主要侧重于光催化材料及其改性、应用和反应机理方面的研究进展, 并指出了当前光催化领域存在的一些重要问题和未来的发展趋势, 涉及到光解水、CO₂还原、环境净化和选择性有机合成等方面.     

青蒿素研究进展

青蒿素是目前治疗疟疾的特效药。本文对自青蒿素发现以来的最新研究进展进行了比较详尽的综述。内容包括: 青蒿素的发现及历史, 青蒿素的来源, 青蒿素的全合成,青蒿素的生物合成, 青蒿素衍生物以及植物组织培养生产青蒿素。     

Recent Advances in Analytical Methodology for in vivo Electrochemistry in Mammals

Electrochemistry is one of the most advanced techniques for monitoring neurochemical activities in the living brain because electrochemical approaches bear the advantageous features of high spatial and temporal resolutions, which facilitate its tremendous potential in investigating the highly spatially heterogeneous brain system and the fast dynamics of neurochemical activities. On the other hand, since brain is the most complicated organ in the sense of its numerous kinds of neurochemical species, high selectivity is always required for any analytical methods that approach the brain. In this review, we will discuss various electrochemical methodologies to achieve selective detection of neurochemicals in mammalian brain and the strategies developed mainly by our group towards selective monitoring of both electrochemically active and inactive neurochemicals. At the end, we will discuss possible solutions towards brain mapping of neurochemical species and combination of neurochemical detection strategy with electrophysiology as the direction of future development of electroanalysis in living brain.     

乙基香兰素研究前景

报导了近几十年来国内外关于乙基香兰素的研究进展与动态,并简单介绍了本文作者在该方面所取得的研究成果,参考文献33篇。     

Reactions in droplets in microfluidic channels

Fundamental and applied research in chemistry and biology benefits from opportunities provided by droplet-based microfluidic systems. These systems enable the miniaturization of reactions by compartmentalizing reactions in droplets of femoliter to microliter volumes. Compartmentalization in droplets provides rapid mixing of reagents, control of the timing of reactions on timescales from milliseconds to months, control of interfacial properties, and the ability to synthesize and transport solid reagents and products. Droplet-based microfluidics can help to enhance and accelerate chemical and biochemical screening, protein crystallization, enzymatic kinetics, and assays. Moreover, the control provided by droplets in microfluidic devices can lead to new scientific methods and insights.     

Conferences in Chemistry Held in 2022

Russian Chemical Bulletin -     

美国化学教育中的科学道德教育

介绍了近年来美国科学界维护科学道德的行动及美国某些大学化学系开设科学道德教育课程的情况     

Interpretation of inorganic arsenic metabolism in humans in the light of observations made in vitro and in vivo in the rat

The toxicity of inorganic trivalent arsenic for living organisms is reduced by in vivo methylation of the element. In man, this biotransformation leads to the synthesis of monomethylarsonic (MMA) and dimethylarsinic (DMA) acids, which are efficiently eliminated in urine along with the unchanged form (As_i). In order to document the methylation process in humans, the kinetics of As_i, MMA and DMA elimination were studied in volunteers given a single dose of one of these three arsenicals or repeated doses of As_i. The arsenic methylation efficiency was also assessed in subjects acutely intoxicated with arsenic trioxide (As₂O₃) and in patients with liver diseases. Several observations in humans can be explained by the properties of the enzymic systems involved in the methylation process which we have characterized in vitro and in vivo in rats as follows: (1) production of As_i metabolites is catalyzed by an enzymic system whose activity is highest in liver cytosol; (2) different enzymic activities, using the same methyl group donor (S-adenosylmethionine), lead to the production of mono- and di-methylated derivatives which are excreted in urine as MMA and DMA; (3) dimethylating activity is highly sensitive to inhibition by excess of inorganic arsenic; (4) reduced glutathione concentration in liver moderates the arsenic methylation process through several mechanisms, e.g. stimulation of the first methylation reaction leading to MMA, facilitation of As_i uptake by hepatocytes, stimulation of the biliary excretion of the element, reduction of pentavalent forms before methylation, and protection of a reducing environment in the cells necessary to maintain the activity of the enzymic systems.     

Use of NAA in marine environment and in archaeology in Greece

Neutron activation analysis (NAA) is a very sensitive and accurate multielement analytical method that is widely applied to the investigation of environmental and archaeological problems. The first part of this paper is a review of pollution studies of toxic trace elements in sediments, seawater and marine organisms of Saronikos Gulf, Greece by NAA. The second part of this paper is a review of provenance studies based on minor and trace element research in ancient ceramics, obsidian, flint, limestone, marble and lead by Instrumental NAA, performed at the NCSR Demokritos.