化学气相沉积金刚石探测器测量辐射驱动内爆的硬X射线

金刚石探测器具有响应快、灵敏度高、动态范围大、平响应、击穿电压高、抗辐射等优点, 广泛运用于X射线测量. 利用化学气相沉积方法制备的光学级金刚石, 采用金属-金刚石-金属结构研制了X射线金刚石探测器. 在8ps激光器上的探测器响应性能考核表明, 整个探测器系统的响应时间为444 ps, 上升时间为175 ps, 载流子寿命为285 ps. 将探测器应用于神光Ⅲ原型装置的内爆物理实验硬X射线测量, 分别测量得到以注入黑腔的激光转化为主和靶丸内爆产生为主的硬X射线能流, 测得的峰值信号分别正比于激光总能量和反比于靶丸CH层厚度. 关键词： CVD金刚石探测器 硬X射线 激光能量     

15～600 keV脉冲硬X射线能谱测量

介绍了基于吸收法的脉冲硬X射线能谱测量的基本原理及设计思路,完成了探测器及吸收片的选型,设计了射线准直系统,研究了散射对测量的影响,以12路PIN探测器阵列及铜、铝吸收片为测量核心部件研制了脉冲硬X射线能谱测量系统。实验测量了真空环境下"闪光二号"加速器串级二极管产生的脉冲硬X射线强度,获得了不同衰减程度的实验波形,通过解谱获得了脉冲硬X射线的能谱,光子最高能量约600 keV,平均能量约89.1 keV,与理论计算的结果比较符合。     

非圆截面环流器硬X射线辐射强度的绝对测量

本文给出了逃逸电子在孔拦上轰击出的硬X射线能谱及其辐射强度,描述了硬X射线闪烁谱还原成能谱的分析处理法,并对NaI(T1)探测器的绝对光峰效率进行了测量。     

二维硬X射线探测器自动标定平台研究

结合云台构建了EAST装置中二维硬X射线诊断的自动标定平台,通过调节云台的旋转和俯仰角度自动对探测器的所有像素点进行扫描测试,同时自动控制X射线管的束流能量和强度,从而对探测器每个像素点强度响应的线性度、不同像素点响应的一致性、相邻像素点之间的串扰等进行测量和标定。实验结果表明,探测器7×8像素点对硬X射线均有响应,强度响应的线性度可以达到R=0.999,初步验证了系统功能的可行性。     

HXMT主探测器磁屏蔽设计与实验结果

硬X射线调制望远镜(HXMT)致力于实现硬X射线的高灵敏度巡天观测, 描绘硬X射线天图, 并对特殊天体作高灵敏度连续观测, 得到其辐射的能谱和时间变化等. 为了减少空间磁场对观测的影响, 确保本底计数的稳定性和能谱测量的精度, 我们用坡莫合金制成的磁屏蔽罩对HXMT主探测器的光电倍增管(PMT)进行了磁屏蔽处理. 实测表明, 在地面地磁场环境下PMT的最大增益变化幅度为6%; 它与自动增益控制系统配合能使在轨PMT增益变化幅度小于1%, 探测器本底计数变化小于0.1%.     

封面照片说明

 中科院高能所研究人员正在研制的硬X射线调制望远镜HXMT,是目前世界上具有高灵敏度和较好空间分辨本领的空间硬X射线望远镜。该探测系统由18个单体组成,每个单体包括一个板条式准直器和一个探测面积为280平方厘米的NaI/CsI复合晶体探测器。     

脉冲射线束测量中的统计起伏问题

在脉冲射线束测量中,射线以束流形式作用在探测器上,输出电流是许多射线粒子同时作用的叠加效果。当射线源比较弱、探测器探测效率低时,常常显示出统计起伏的现象。本文讨论这种起伏现象,给出了起伏的数学表达形式,讨论了脉冲射线波形测量中统计起伏给各种参数测定所带来的误差。 关键词：     

写在前面的话

正我国第一颗X射线天文望远镜——硬X射线调制望远镜(HXMT)——预计于2016年年底发射升空。HXMT的成功研制表明我国在空间X射线天文探测器设计、制造以及配套的性能测试(标定)以及地面科学应用系统等方面取得了全面突破,跻身国际上少数能够自主研制一颗X射线天文卫星的全部科学仪器的国家。为介绍X射线天文科学研究和HXMT的基本情     

北京同步辐射装置软X光束线通量谱的绝对测量与计算

在北京同步辐射装置(BSRF)上用全吸收平行板充氙电离室作一级标准探测器,对硅光电二极管(AXUV—100)的效率在光子能量5—6.5keV进行了标定,建立了二级标准探测器;AXUV—100硅光电二极管在50eV-6keV有很好的线性响应,将其在硬X射线波段已标定的效率曲线外推到软X射线波段,并对BSRF3B1A和4B9B光束线在软X射线波段光子通量谱进行了初步地测量,测量结果与理论计算结果较为符合.在3B1A软X光学实验站,利用二级标准探测器对用于惯性约束聚变(ICF)的软X光探测器的灵敏度进行了标定,并取得了满意的结果.     

杂化X射线探测器的优势与进展（英文）

占主导地位的X射线探测器主要分为直接半导体型X射线探测器和间接闪烁体型X射线探测器。近年来，杂化X射线探测器通过结合半导体和闪烁体材料的优势而出现。作为活性层的混合半导体和闪烁体导致了不同的工作机制。两相之间电荷/能量转移可以避免闪烁体的余辉效应。并且闪烁体的存在也优化了半导体材料的性能。本文总结了杂化X射线探测器的机制、进展和协同效应，以突出杂化X射线探测器的优势。根据不同的工作机制和各自的特点，我们详细讨论了三种类型的杂化X射线探测器。最后，我们对杂化X射线探测器存在的局限性和未来的发展方向进行了展望。     

Investigation on the Hard X-ray Radiations of the IR-T1 Tokamak Plasma: Electric and Magnetic Perspectives

In this experiment, the effect of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) fluctuations in the hard X-ray radiation from the IR-T1 tokamak plasma is investigated. To reach this goal, the main parameters of plasma such as plasma current and loop voltage are measured. Also, the rake and poloidal Langmuir probes are used to calculate the radial and poloidal electric fields. To detect the hard X-ray radiation, a NaI-scintillator detector is used. To study on the MHD fluctuations, an array of 12 Mirnov coils is used. The obtained data are analyzed by using the singular value decomposition (SVD) algorithm. The wavelet spectrum of the dominant principal components of Mirnov coils is drawn. The results of wavelet and SVD analysis show that the hard X-ray radiation is increased with increasing the fluctuations of the dominant principal components (at the same time). It is also shown that the rate of hard X-ray radiation emitted from the tokamak plasma increased with increasing the MHD fluctuations. The energy of the system is wasted and reduced by these radiations. This an increase in the particle pressure of the plasma.     

STUDY OF THE CORRELATION BETWEEN POWER DEPOSITION OF THE LOWER HYBRID WAVES AND THE HARD X-RAY RADIATION ON HT-7 TOKAMAK

A seven-channel NaI(Tl) detector array installed on an HT-7 superconducting tokamak has been used to detect the hard X-ray (E_hν>20keV) emitted from the plasma. The physical mechanism of the lower hybrid waves propagating and absorbed in the plasma is investigated by the measurement of hard X-ray radial profile at different discharge parameters.     

HER磁镜上硬X射线和热电子测量

一、引言 磁镜运行中,为了要知道它在电子回旋共振加热(ECRH)下形成热电子的参数,我们测量了硬X射线能谱、硬X射线发射的时间特性、不同磁场强度下形成热电子环的位置、以及热电子的脉冲幅度分布等。 HER是中国科学院等离子体物理研究所简单型磁镜装置,它的几何尺寸是,真空室长     

Observation constraints of the hard X-ray modulation telescope HXMT

The hard X-ray modulation telescope HXMT is a low orbit X-ray space telescope whose main science goals are to accomplish a hard X-ray all sky survey and to study timing and spectral characteristics of X-ray sources. HXMT has three kinds of science instruments: the high energy X-ray detector (HE), the medium energy X-ray detector (ME) and the low energy X-ray detector (LE). The observation schedule of HXMT is a key to achieving the science goal of HXMT, and the analysis of the observation constraints is one of the first tasks in making the observation schedule. This paper analyzes how the observation constraints influence the sky visibility and the visible time distribution of X-ray sources and discusses the schedule strategy with regard to the observation constraints.     

用于激光等离子体诊断的硬X光能谱仪

介绍了利用滤片和探测器阵列组合的硬X光能谱仪(简称FFS)的工作原理,结构性能和数据处理。文章最后给出了FFS在惯性约束聚变(ICF)实验中测到的硬X光谱的典型结果。     

简单磁镜上ECR放电硬X射线测量

本文用Nal(T1)晶体闪烁探测器在简单磁镜上测量了硬X射线波形随有关放电参数的变化和能谱,给出了实验数据处理方法、热电子的温度和能量,最后对结果进行了分析讨论。     

Generation of hard X-ray radiation using the triboelectric effect by peeling adhesive tape

The triboelectric effect describes electrical charging when bringing different materials into contact. We report on the generation of hard X-ray radiation by peeling various adhesive tapes under medium vacuum conditions. Beside vacuum housing and pumps as instrumentation only an electric motor, two rolls and a metal foil as target material are necessary. The spectral distribution of generated X-rays was analyzed using an energy-dispersive detector. Depending on peeling speed, pressure and choice of material combination, electrons with energies sufficient to excite emission in the hard X-ray region are produced. The results are discussed in terms of triboelectric separation of charge carriers.     

托卡马克KT—5B上有关等离子体温度和密度的几项诊断

等离子体温度和密度的诊断是聚变研究不可缺少的重要方面。本文概要叙述KT-5B托卡马克实验中与等离子体温度和密度有关的几项诊断,说明其特点,对已获得的结果作了初步分析。     

X-ray magnetic circular dichroism imaging with hard X-rays

X-ray polarization-contrast images resulting from X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) in the hard X-ray region have been successfully recorded for the first time. The apparatus used consisted of an X-ray polarizer, double X-ray phase retarders, and a high-spatial-resolution X-ray charge-coupled-device detector. The sample used was a hexagonal-close-packed cobalt polycrystal foil having a thickness of about 4 microns. The X-ray polarization-contrast image resulting from XMCD was observed at a photon energy of 10 eV above the cobalt K-absorption edge (7709 eV). The observed contrast in the image was reversed by inversion of the magnetic field. Furthermore, the contrast was reversed again at a photon energy of 32 eV above the cobalt K-absorption edge.