饱和链状分子中C 1s电子电离能与基团拓扑电负性指数

由X-射线光电子谱测定的原子内层电子的电离能(也称结合能)能反映分子内部不同区域的原子特性,常用于估计分子内不同部位的化学活性、分子中的电子结构变化以及取代基效应[1]。还用于研究价电子性质[2-4]和化合物的气相酸碱性[5]。目前,对原子内层电子电离能的研究有实验测定和     

B_nAH型分子中A─H键振动频率与基团B_nA的电负性

Ｂ_ｎＡＨ型分子中Ａ─Ｈ键振动频率与基团Ｂ_ｎＡ的电负性宋小平，韩长日（海南师范学院化学系海口５７１１５８）关键词共价氢化物分子，振动频率，基团电负性对于ＢｎＡＨ型分子中Ａ─Ｈ键的振动频率的规律性，国内外学者从不同角度进行了较多研究，其中运用元素电负性...     

叠氮根电负性的量子化学研究

用ab initio, MINDO/3, MNDO和DV-Xa等量子化学方法计算研究了一些分子型和离子型(碱金属)叠氮化物及相应氯化物的平衡构型和电子结构。结构表明: 在分子型叠氮化物中叠氮根的电负性较氯小、与氮相当; 而在离子型金属叠氮化物中,叠氮根的电负性和氯相当或较氯稍大。将计算所得正则离域分子轨道进行定域化处理, 发现产生这种电负性差异的主要原因是上述两类叠氮化物中N2的成键状况不同, 本文对此进行了较为细致的分析。     

倍硫磷的甲基在分子内和分子间迁移的质谱研究

甲基迁移反应在合成化学和生命科学领域具有重要意义.迄今为止，所报道的甲基迁移反应大多数发生在不同种类分子之间.因此，寻找新型甲基迁移反应具有一定的研究价值.本研究以环境中常见的杀虫剂倍硫磷为研究对象，采用电喷雾质谱技术为分析工具对反应体系进行高灵敏分析，探究在CF₃COOH及纳米二氧化钛（TiO₂）条件下，倍硫磷分子中发生甲基迁移反应的可能性.结果表明，在CF₃COOH和TiO₂共同作用下，倍硫磷分子中的甲基可以从同一分子的氧原子上迁移到不饱和硫原子上，发生分子内1，3-甲基迁移反应，形成异构体硫甲基化产物；同时，异构体产物中的甲基还可以从硫原子上再继续迁移到另一分子倍硫磷的不饱和硫原子上，发生分子间甲基迁移反应.同时结合密度泛函理论计算对倍硫磷分子内和分子间甲基迁移反应的过程进行动态模拟，并对其迁移机理进行解释.本研究发现了倍硫磷能发生分子内和分子间甲基迁移反应，提供了一种研究甲基迁移反应的质谱方法，为倍硫磷的降解研究提供了新思路.     

三(羟甲基)甲基甘氨酸合镍(II)配合物的结构及其与生物分子的作用研究

合成了配合物[Ni(tricine)₂]•6H₂O单晶, 其中, tricine为三(羟甲基)甲基甘氨酸. 配合物属于单斜晶系, P2(1)/n空间群, 配体以一个氮原子和二个氧原子与中心Ni^2＋离子配位, 生成八面体构型配合物. 配合物分子之间靠丰富氢键形成稳定的二维结构. 用紫外光谱方法测定了该配合物与鱼精DNA、腺苷三磷酸和腺嘌呤的作用情况, 并就相互作用机理进行了初步分析.     

三(羟甲基)甲基甘氨酸合镍(II)配合物的结构及其与生物分子的作用研究

合成了配合物[Ni(tricine)₂]•6H₂O单晶, 其中, tricine为三(羟甲基)甲基甘氨酸. 配合物属于单斜晶系, P2(1)/n空间群, 配体以一个氮原子和二个氧原子与中心Ni^2＋离子配位, 生成八面体构型配合物. 配合物分子之间靠丰富氢键形成稳定的二维结构. 用紫外光谱方法测定了该配合物与鱼精DNA、腺苷三磷酸和腺嘌呤的作用情况, 并就相互作用机理进行了初步分析.     

不同氢化度氢化丁腈橡胶的结构表征与分子模拟

通过核磁共振波谱(¹H NMR)、 红外光谱(IR)及热分析等方法研究了不同氢化度氢化丁腈橡胶(HNBR)分子结构之间的差异, 结果表明, 在丁腈橡胶(NBR)加氢过程中, 聚丁二烯上的乙烯基加氢速率最快, 其次是反式1,4结构, 顺式1,4结构的加氢速率最慢, 而腈基基本不发生氢化反应. 采用核磁共振谱法对不同氢化度HNBR中不同链段的含量进行定量分析, 依据此结果建模并进行分子模拟计算, 得到不同氢化丁腈橡胶的密度、 内聚能密度(CED)和玻璃化转变温度(T_g)等参数, 模拟值与实验结果吻合. 实验结果表明, 随着氢化度的增加, HNBR的热氧化稳定性逐渐增加, 这主要是由于氢化度增加后分子链中双键含量逐渐减少而CED增加的缘故. 分子模拟可以有效地计算出多种结构参数, 为共聚橡胶材料的制备与加工提供基础数据及理论指导.     

六次甲基四胺-银(Ⅰ)分子建筑研究的新进展

本文总结银(Ⅰ)—六次甲基四胺体系超分子建筑研究的进展，介绍各种有代表性的拓扑结构及其合成策略、超分子组装过程中重要的影响因素和一些定向构筑的有效途径。     

声表面波分子印迹技术检测甲基膦酸二甲酯的研究

以分子印迹(MIP)电聚合的成膜方法,在声表面波(SAW)双通道延迟线上制备了对甲基膦酸二甲酯(DMMP)有选择性的分子印迹薄膜(纳米级),并证实了分子印迹的明显效果,所研制的声表面波分子印迹传感器／(SAW—MIP)对甲基膦酸二甲酯的检出限为5mg／m^3。     

Calculation of molecular energies by atom-bond electronegativity equalization method

The atom-bond electronegativity equalization method (ABEEM), based on the equalization of the “effective electronegativity” of an atom or a bond in a molecule, allows the direct calculation of the charge distribution and the molecular electronegativity of a large molecule. We now demonstrate how the another important quantity, the total molecular energy, can be computed directly and rapidly. It is shown that, based on the ABEEM, the corresponding ab initio values of the total molecular energy can be reproduced with very satisfactory accuracy. In addition, it has been found that in the expression of the energy functional E[ρ] of the ABEEM, the charge-dependent term C correlates quite well with the total molecular bonding energy.     

Optimized and parallelized implementation of the electronegativity equalization method and the atom-bond electronegativity equalization method

The most common way to calculate charge distribution in a molecule is ab initio quantum mechanics (QM). Some faster alternatives to QM have also been developed, the so-called "equalization methods" EEM and ABEEM, which are based on DFT. We have implemented and optimized the EEM and ABEEM methods and created the EEM SOLVER and ABEEM SOLVER programs. It has been found that the most time-consuming part of equalization methods is the reduction of the matrix belonging to the equation system generated by the method. Therefore, for both methods this part was replaced by the parallel algorithm WIRS and implemented within the PVM environment. The parallelized versions of the programs EEM SOLVER and ABEEM SOLVER showed promising results, especially on a single computer with several processors (compact PVM). The implemented programs are available through the Web page http://ncbr.chemi.muni.cz/~n19n/eem_abeem.     

Molecular electronegativity in density functional theory (VI) --Atom-bond electronegativity equalization model

Ｒｅｃｅｎｔｌｙ,ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔａｎｄａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆｄｅｎｓｉｔｙｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎａｌｔｈｅｏｒｙ(ＤＦＴ)ａｒｅｑｕｉｔｅａｔｔｒａｃｔｉｖｅｔｏｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｓｔｓ’ａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎ.Ｔｈｅｒｅｌｅｖａｎｔｐａｐｅｒｓａｒｅｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇｖｅｒｙｑｕｉｃｋｌｙ[1—11].ＳｉｎｃｅｔｈｅｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｎｅｇａｔｉｖｉｔｙｃｏｎｃｅｐｔｗａｓｐｒｏｐｏｓｅｄｂｙＰａｕｌｉｎｇ[12]ｔｏｄｅｓｃｒｉｂｅｔｈｅｐｏｗｅｒｏｆａｎａｔｏｍｉｎａｍｏｌｅｃｕｌｅｔｏａｔｔｒａｃｔｅｌ…     

A combined electronegativity equalization and electrostatic potential fit method for the determination of atomic point charges

We report an approach for the determination of atomic monopoles of macromolecular systems using connectivity and geometry parameters alone. The method is appropriate also for the calculation of charge distributions based on the quantum mechanically determined wave function and does not suffer from the mathematical instability of other electrostatic potential fit methods.     

Molecular electronegativity in density functional theory (II) --Direct calculation of group electronegativity and the atomic charges in a group

On the basis of a more precise expression of the atomic effective electronegativity deduced from the density functional theory and electronegativity equalization principle, a new scheme for calculating the group electronegativity and the atomic charges in a group is proposed and programed, and various parameters of electronegativity and hardness are given for some common atoms. Through calculation, analysis and comparison of more than one hundred groups, it is shown that the results from this scheme are reasonable and may be extended.     

Correlation of bond metallicity measures to electronegativity for binary oxides

We have investigated alkali, alkaline‐earth, and rutile binary oxides within density functional theory (DFT) and Bader's atoms‐in‐molecules theory, focusing on properties of bond and ring critical points, and their relations to band gap and Pauling electronegativity. We find linear relations of kinetic energy density, electron density, and the gap divided by kinetic energy density at the bond critical points to the difference of Pauling electronegativities of the cation and oxygen anion. At the ring critical points of rutile compounds, we also find that some bond metallicity measures are linearly related to the difference of electronegativities. This study extends our knowledge about the relations between bond critical points, band gap, and electronegativity, but also shows for the first time a quantitative relation between quantities at the ring critical points and global properties of the compounds.     

基态原子价壳层电子能级连接性指数与元素的电负性

构建了基态原子价壳层电子能级连接性指数(^mVEI),m=0,1,2,…，它对基态原子实现唯一性表征，其中^0VEI,^1VEI对原子具有良好的结构选择性，以^0VEL,^1VEL，价壳层电子总离子化能(ΣniEi)和总从电子数(Σni)为基本参数，定义了元素的电负性：X~N=0.444067+1.190653(1-1.32775/Σni)(^0VEI)-3.154675(^1VEI)+0.134591.(ΣniEi/Σni)。用上式给出了周期表中主族元素、副族元素及惰性元素的电负性。结果表明，新电负性标度X~N与目前流行的Pauling标度颇为一致。进一步从价轨道能级连接性指数确定了碳原子的sp,sp^2,sp^3杂化轨道的电负性。