金属复分解闭环反应合成C=C键的研究进展

金属复分解反应是合成C=C键的有效方法,被广泛地用于合成各种类型的化合物,特别是碳环、杂环化合物以及天然产物的合成。本文综述了近年来金属复分解反应合成C=C键的最新研究进展。参考文献31篇。     

通过金属有机化合物的β-消除切断化学键

金属有机化合物的β-原子或基团的消除反应是实现选择性切断非活性化学键(包括碳-氢键、碳-碳键和碳-杂原子键)的有效方法之一.介绍了近年来金属有机化合物的β-原子或基团消除反应研究进展以及该反应在有机合成中的应用.     

关环转换反应在天然产物合成中的应用

关环转换反应是形成碳碳双键的重要反应之一,即双烯化合物在金属碳烯催化下关环得到环烯类化合物。本文概述了关环转换反应所用催化剂体系及其在天然产物合成中的应用,内容涉及到碳环及含氧、含氮杂环天然产物的合成。     

过渡金属催化不饱和烃与有机金属试剂及CO2的串联羧化反应研究进展

二氧化碳(CO2)作为一碳合成子具有储量丰富、无毒无污染、绿色清洁等优点,因此在有机化学领域使用CO2作为一碳合成子反应一直以来受到广泛的关注.过渡金属催化不饱和烃与CO2反应合成羧酸是CO2作为一碳合成子的重要应用之一,这类反应可以通过串联羧化的策略实现,过渡金属催化不饱和烃先与有机金属试剂反应在原位生成新的有机金属...     

溴代烯烃在金属催化偶联反应中的应用

溴代烯烃是一类重要的有机合成中间体,通过金属催化的偶联反应可以有效地形成碳-碳及碳-杂键.本文综述了溴代烯烃在金属催化偶联反应中应用的最新进展.     

钯类催化剂在形成碳－碳单键反应中的应用

钯催化反应是广泛被用于有机合成的简单而又重要的反应。主要综述钯类催化剂在形成碳－碳单键反应中的应用，着重阐述了卤代烃与有机金属化合物、烯烃、炔烃的交联反应。     

过渡金属催化的碳镁化反应研究进展

综述了过渡金属(锆、铁、铜、锰)催化的碳镁化反应以及该反应在不同底物、不同反应条件下产物的区域或立体选择性,并介绍了碳镁化反应在有机合成中的应用。参考文献56篇。     

金属催化下芳基磺酸酯偶联反应的研究进展

综述了金属催化下芳基磺酸酯作为底物参与形成碳—碳键、碳—氮键的偶联反应, 如Suzuki-Miyaura反应、Sonogashira反应等方面的研究进展.     

IB族金属纳米颗粒在有机合成反应中的应用

近年来,将纳米颗粒作为催化剂引入到有机合成领域的研究引起了人们的广泛关注.IB族金属纳米颗粒由于易于制备且在空气中相对稳定,近来被广泛报道.该类催化剂在催化碳碳键及碳杂键的形成反应中,目前已经有了许多成功的例子.综述了近年来IB族金属纳米催化剂在有机合成反应中的应用,并对其发展前景进行了展望.     

碳硼烷和碳硼炔金属配合物中金属-碳键的化学性质

碳硼烷和碳硼炔金属配合物中的金属-碳键具有不同于经典金属-碳键的化学性质.一方面,二十面体碳硼烷独特的电子和空间效应使得碳硼烷金属配合物中的金属-碳键不参与和不饱和分子的反应 另一方面,在一定条件下具有大空间位阻的碳硼笼可以诱导某些碳-碳偶联反应.然而,碳硼炔金属配合物中的金属-碳键能与多种不饱和分子发生反应,其反应模式取决于中心金属离子的电子构型.本文简要总结了我们近期在这方面的研究进展.     

Sugar Puckering Drives G-Quadruplex Refolding: Implications for V-Shaped Loops

A DNA G-quadruplex adopting a (3+1) hybrid structure was modified in two adjacent syn positions of the antiparallel strand with anti-favoring 2′-deoxy-2′-fluoro-riboguanosine (^FrG) analogues. The two substitutions promoted a structural rearrangement to a topology with the 5′-terminal G residue located in the central tetrad and the two modified residues linked by a V-shaped zero-nucleotide loop. Strikingly, whereas a sugar pucker in the preferred north domain is found for both modified nucleotides, the ^FrG analogue preceding the V-loop is forced to adopt the unfavored syn conformation in the new quadruplex fold. Apparently, a preferred C3′-endo sugar pucker within the V-loop architecture outweighs the propensity of the ^FrG analogue to adopt an anti glycosidic conformation. Refolding into a V-loop topology is likewise observed for a sequence modified at corresponding positions with two riboguanosine substitutions. In contrast, 2′-F-arabinoguanosine analogues with their favored south-east sugar conformation do not support formation of the V-loop topology. Examination of known G-quadruplexes with a V-shaped loop highlights the critical role of the sugar conformation for this distinct structural motif.     

几种经典有机反应的分子轨道描述

用分子轨道来描述有机反应的过程对于正确理解有机反应的机理非常重要,分子轨道可以清楚地描述出反应的选择性和立体化学等信息。本文讨论了脂肪和芳香亲核取代、芳香亲电取代、加成和消除等几种经典有机化学反应过程的分子轨道描述。     

原子荧光光谱法测定白砂糖和红糖中硒含量

目的：测定白砂糖和红糖中硒含量为研制富硒糖提供科学依据。方法采用微波消解-原子荧光光谱法测定白砂糖和红糖中硒含量。结果在确定的最佳仪器条件下,原子荧光光谱法测定白砂糖和红糖中硒的检出限为0.063μg · L-1;白砂糖硒的RSD为2.28％,红糖的RSD为2.13％;白砂糖回收率为103.4％,红糖回收率为99.7％。结论该法具有方法简便、快捷、准确等优点,适用于白砂糖和红糖中硒含量测定。     

含糖聚合物的合成

综述了含糖聚合物合成的研究发展，介绍了化学和酶催化合成不饱合含糖单体的方法，以及含糖聚合物通过自由基、阳离子、阴离子聚合和高分子改性等四种方法制备途径，同时也探讨了这些含糖聚合物在医药、生物材料、水凝胶等领域中的应用。     

Ir‐Catalysed Asymmetric Allylic Substitutions with Cyclometalated (Phosphoramidite)Ir Complexes—Resting States,Catalytically Active (π‐Allyl)Ir Complexes and Computational Exploration

Mechanistic aspects of allylic substitutions with iridium catalysts derived from phosphoramidites by cyclometalation were investigated. The determination of resting states by ³¹P NMR spectroscopy led to the conclusion that the cyclometalation process is reversible. A novel, one‐pot procedure for the preparation of (π‐ allyl)Ir complexes was developed, and these complexes were characterised by X‐ray crystal structure analyses and spectral data. They are fully active catalysts of the allylic substitution reaction. DFT calculations on the allyl complexes, transition states of the allylic substitution and product olefin complexes gave further mechanistic insight.     

Unprecedented aromatic homolytic substitutions and cyclization of amide-iminyl radicals: experimental and theoretical study

Amide-iminyl radicals are versatile and efficient intermediates in cascade radical cyclizations of N-acylcyanamides. They are easily trapped by alkenes or (hetero-)aromatic rings and cyclize into a series of new heterocyclic compounds which bear a pyrroloquinazoline moiety. As an illustration of the synthetic importance of these compounds, the total synthesis of the natural antitumor compound luotonin A was achieved through a tin-free radical cascade cyclization process. Not only do amide-iminyl radicals lead to new tetracyclic heterocycles but these nitrogen-centered radical species also react in aromatic homolytic substitutions. Indeed, the amide-iminyl radical moiety unprecedentedly displaces methyl, methoxy, and fluorine radicals from an aromatic carbon atom. This seminal reaction in the field of radical chemistry has been developed experimentally and its mechanism has additionally been investigated by a theoretical study.     

Antimicrobial Activity of Broth Fermented with Kefir Grains

Kefir grains originate from the Caucasus region and are used for preparing beverages using sugar solution, milk, and fruit juice. As long as they are formed by a microbial consortium useful in the intestine, the produced drinks can be called probiotics. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial activity during kefir fermentation in sugar broth. Fermentations with three kinds of carbohydrates (molasses, demerara sugar, and brown sugar) as carbon source were carried out. Brown sugar promoted the greatest antimicrobial activities, producing inhibition halos corresponding to 35, 14, 12, 14, and 14 mm for Candida albicans, Salmonella typhi, Shigella sonnei, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli, respectively. Different carbon source concentrations and the time of fermentation influenced the size of the inhibition halos of the pathogenic microorganisms.     

二乙酰氧基亚碘酰苯氧化糖基烯合成D-甘露庚糖醇

以五苄基-D-甘露糖为原料,经Wittig反应制得D-甘露庚糖烯（产率88%）,然后在二乙酰氧基亚碘酰苯/LiBr体系下催化氧化糖基烯制得五苄基-D-甘露庚糖醇(产率65%),最后脱苄基得到D-甘露庚糖醇（产率90%）,总得率51%。 方法简便、环保,可用于糖醇的合成。     

Ethenesulfonyl Fluoride: The Most Perfect Michael Acceptor Ever Found?

The kinetics of the reactions of ethenesulfonyl fluoride (ESF) with sulfonium and pyridinium ylides were measured photometrically to determine the electrophilicity parameter of ESF according to the correlation lg k_{20 °C}=s_N(N+E). With E=?12.09, ESF is among the strongest Michael acceptors in our comprehensive electrophilicity scale, which explains its excellent performance in reactions with many nucleophiles. Its predicted usability as a reagent in electrophilic aromatic substitutions with electron‐rich arenes was confirmed by uncatalyzed reactions with alkyl‐substituted pyrroles.     

Hydrotropic Enhancement of Rate of the Browning Reaction; A Kinetic Study

The rate of a nonenzymatic browning reaction, that is, the reaction between reducing sugar and amino acid(commonly known as Millard reaction) is strongly enhanced in the presence of a common hydrotrope viz. sodium benzoate or sodium salicylate even below its minimal hydrotropic concentration (MHC). The effect of hydrotrope on the rate has been studied in four systems taking combination of different reducing sugars (glucose and fructose) and amino acids (glycine and alanine) in alkaline conditions. The kinetic data support the formation of the mixed aggregation between the hydrotrope and the reactants. The kinetic rate law consistent with experimental results has been derived on the basis of the proposed mechanism.