壳聚糖的酶法降解

用壳聚糖酶降解壳聚糖,探讨了壳聚糖降解过程中温度、pH值、底物浓度和金属离子对酶促反应的影响。结果表明:酶促反应进行到5 h左右时,即可得到聚合度小于10的壳寡糖。该酶促反应的最适温度为50℃,最适pH=5.5;最适底物浓度为0.02 g/mL;金属离子Ca2+和Mg2+对酶降解有一定的促进作用,而Zn2+、Cu2+对酶降解有较强的抑制作用。该酶促反应符合米氏动力学方程,米氏常数Km=7.80 g/L,最大反应速率Vmax=7.72 g/(min.L)。     

淀粉酶产色链霉菌TUST2中ε-聚赖氨酸降解酶的纯化和性质

分离得到产抗菌聚氨基酸ε-聚赖氨酸菌株淀粉酶产色链霉菌TUST2, 从中纯化了ε-聚赖氨酸降解酶, 并对其性质进行了研究. 结果表明, 该酶为膜结合蛋白. 为提取该降解酶, 先收集菌体细胞并用超声波破碎, 细胞膜部分用1.0 mol/L NaSCN溶液溶解. 将粗酶液进行Sephadex G100凝胶柱层析分离. 用100 mmol/L磷酸缓冲液洗脱, 收集活性部分. 纯化后的样品用SDS-PAGE检测, 酶亚基分子量约为54700. 酶活力在pH=6.0~9.0间稳定, 最适宜pH=7.0. 酶的最适温度为30 ℃, 在10～50 ℃水浴30 min酶活力未见明显下降. 研究了不同金属离子对酶活力的影响, 结果表明, Zn²⁺, Cu²⁺和Fe³⁺可分别提高酶活力29.72%, 15.85%和15.08%; 但Ag⁺, Hg²⁺, Co²⁺和Mn²⁺对酶活力有强烈的抑制作用. Ca²⁺, K⁺和Ba²⁺对酶活力没有影响. 添加4%Tween-80能提高酶活力10%, 但EDTA能强烈抑制酶活力. 研究结果表明, 此降解酶的性质与白色链霉菌产生的ε-聚赖氨酸降解酶的性质相似.     

常见金属离子对漆酶酶活的影响

检测了14种不同的金属离子对两种漆酶(laccaseA和laccaseB,简称LacA和LacB)活性的影响.结果表明:Al3+,Fe3+,Ag+,Hg2+对两种漆酶的活性都有抑制作用,其中Fe3+,Ag+的抑制作用最强,酶活完全损失;Mg2+,Cu2+对两种漆酶的活性有激活作用.     

基于核酸切割酶与脱氧核酶的荧光循环放大系统检测铅(Ⅱ)

利用核酸切割酶(Nicking endonuclease)识别特定DNA双链并切割其中某条单链的性质,构建了基于8-17E脱氧核酶(8-17E DNAzyme)的pb2+荧光循环放大检测方法.pb2+可激活8-17E脱氧核酶水解RNA底物,产生并释放出的单链与分子信标探针( Molecular beacon,MB)杂交,导致其茎环结构被破坏,荧光信号恢复;同时形成含有核酸切割酶Nt.BbvCI识别位点的双链区域.在核酸切割酶Nt.BbvCI的作用下,分子信标探针被切割释放,游离出来的单链可与其它分子信标重新杂交,从而触发下一轮酶切,引起荧光检测信号的循环放大.本方法避免了8-17E脱氧核酶与底物链的修饰,最低可以检测出水溶液中1.0×10-10 mol/L Pb2+,并在2倍浓度的Zn2+,以及5倍浓度的其它干扰金属离子存在的情况下对pb2+显示出良好的选择性.本方法对环境水样中pb2+的标准加样回收率为96.1％～108.0％.     

基于脱氧核酶的新型铅离子荧光探针

将荧光猝灭基团修饰的17E脱氧核酶(17E DNAzyme)与荧光基团修饰的底物链通过6个脱氧核苷酸相连, 得到了一种新型的对Pb2+敏感的荧光探针. 由于DNAzyme与底物链发生分子内杂交, 荧光基团与猝灭基团相互靠近, 导致荧光猝灭. 当Pb2+存在时, DNAzyme被激活, 底物链被切断后释放出荧光基团标记的DNA片段, 从而产生明显的荧光信号. 据此可在常温下快速检测Pb2+, 检测下限为10 nmol/L. 在Zn2+, Mn2+, Co2+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Mg2+和Ni2+等多种二价金属离子中, 除Zn2+, Mn2+和Cd2+略有干扰外, 其它几种金属离子均无响应, 表明该荧光探针对Pb2+具有良好的选择性.     

核苷酸的自缔合作用——质子化和金属离子的配位效应

众所周知,核酸—即DNA和RNA是生命遗传过程中最重要的生物大分子,核酸降解产生多个核苷酸,因此,核苷酸是组成核酸的基本结构单元。研究核苷酸的性质对了解核酸及揭开生命遗传的奥秘有重要意义。不仅如此,某些核苷酸还是许多重要生命过程如酶催化反应中不可缺少的辅助因子。核苷酸在活细胞的代谢及能量传递过程中都起着重要作用。如三磷酸腺苷(ATP),现在已知的酶反应中有六分之一需要ATP或有关嘌呤辅助因子参加,据     

金属离子对氯过氧化物酶在25℃到55℃激活作用以及机理的研究

基于氯过氧化物酶（CPO）的卤化活性分析,发现某些碱土金属（Ca2+, Mg2+）和过渡金属（Co2+, Ni2+）对CPO具有明显的激活及稳定化作用。例如25 ºC时与CPO在纯缓冲溶液中相比,在75 μmol·L-1 Ca2+,90 μmol·L-1 Mg2+,90 μmol·L-1 Ni2+及105 μmol·L-1 Co2+存在时CPO可分别获得1.33,1.37,1.34 及1.27倍的最大相对活性。而在55 ºC,没有金属离子存在时,CPO 30分钟后仅能保留40%的活性,但在Ca2+,Mg2+离子的介质中,CPO的活性可分别保留81% 和 75%。推测这是由于金属离子结合在CPO活性中心周围的酸-碱催化位点Glu183, His105 and Asp106上,通过底物浓集和诱导有利构象来激活CPO. 同时动力学研究表明金属离子对CPO的激活归因于催化效率（kcat）的提高,以及CPO对底物亲和性及选择性的改善。     

用分子对接方法预测HIV-1整合酶与金精三羧酸抑制剂的相互作用

用分子对接方法(Docking)研究了HIV-1整合酶与其抑制剂金精三羧酸的结合过程.为弄清金属离子在结合中所起的作用,选择含有一个Mg+2或不含Mg+2的两种不同的整合酶受体分别与金精三羧酸对接.结果表明, Mg+2对稳定配体与受体的结合起了重要作用. 金精三羧酸配体与含有一个金属Mg+2的整合酶受体对接,最优结合自由能为-45.19 kJ/mol. 当Mg+2失去后,整合酶的活性中心构象将发生变化,使金精三羧酸抑制剂与整合酶的结合自由能(-24.35 kJ/mol)明显增加. 预测了未知的HIV-1整合酶与其抑制剂金精三羧酸的复合物结构, 并可对基于结构的抗HIV-1整合酶的药物设计提供重要信息.     

二价金属离子激活铜超氧化物歧化酶断裂DNA的活性

以铜超氧化物歧化酶(CunSOD, n＝1—4)作为野生型CuZnSOD突变体的一种模型, 研究了其在二价金属离子(Mg2+, Mn2+)存在下由非氧化途径断裂DNA的活性, 并与CuZnSOD和脱辅基SOD(apoSOD)进行了比较. 结果表明, 在Mg2+或Mn2+存在下, CunSOD断裂DNA的活性高于CuZnSOD和apoSOD, 并且DNA的断裂活性受二价金属离子浓度、pH及酶浓度等因素影响. 相对活性及动力学参数的测定结果表明, CunSOD断裂DNA的相对能力按Cu1SOD2SOD≈Cu4SOD3SOD的顺序变化.     

酚氧桥联型双核Ce(Ⅲ)配合物对DNA及其模型化合物的作用

化学核酸酶[1]是20世纪80年代开始发展起来的一类新型的非酶核酸断裂工具。近年来,双核、多核金属配合物用作核酸切割试剂引起人们的关注,因为人们从结构上认识到,与核酸有关的多种天然酶的活性部位含有两个或多个协同作用的金属离子,如Zn(II),Mg(II),Ni(II),Mn(II)等[2-3]。Qu     

(C26H40N2O4)[Ln(NO3)5H2O]的合成及其铕缔合物的晶体结构

合成了4个新型的稀土化合物(C₂₆H₄₀N₂O₄)[Ln(NO₃)₅H₂O](Ln=Pr,Nd,Sm,Eu),采用元素分析和红外光谱表征,用四圆衍射仪测定了其中(C₂₆H₄₀N₂O₄)[Eu(NO₃)₅H₂O]的晶体结构,属三斜晶系,P1空间群,晶胞参数:α=0.9100(4)nm,b=1.3560(3)nm,c=1.6463(4)nm;α=68.62(2)°,β=74.84(3)°,γ=87.50(2)°;Z=2.中心铕离子由5个硝酸根的10个氧原子和1个水分子中的氧原子配位,配位数是11.1,7,10,16-四氧-4,13-二氮杂-N,N'-二苄基环十八烷(N,N'-二苄基穴醚(2,2))未参与配位.     

Crystal Engineering of Multiple-component Organic Compound:Organic co-Crystals of the Functional Groups of Carboxyl and Amino with Persistent Hydrogen Bonding Motifs

Three small organic molecular co-crystal compounds (C₃N₆H₆)·(C₆H₁₀O₄)·H₂O(1), C₃H₈N₂O(3) and (H₄btec)₂·(4,4'-bipy)(4)(H₄btec=1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid, 4,4'-bipy=4,4'-bipyridine) and one coordination supramolecular compound [Mn(C₂O₄)(H₂O)₂]·C₆H₁₁NO₂(2) were synthesized by hydrothermal reaction. They were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared(IR) spectroscopy and single crystal X-ray diffraction(XRD). Structural analyses reveal that these 2D or 3D supramolecular networks of the compounds were formed by C―H···O, N―H···O, N―H···N, O―H···O and O―H···N hydrogen bonds. Therein, the functional groups of ―COOH, ―NH₂ and ―OH play important roles in constructing supramolecular architectures.     

Synthesis, reaction and structure of a series of chromium(III) complexes containing oxalate ligand

A series of chromium(III) complexes [Cr(bipy)(HC₂O₄)₂]Cl·3H₂O (1), [Cr(phen)(HC₂O₄)₂]Cl·3H₂O (2), [Cr(phen)₂(C₂O₄)]ClO₄ (3), [Cr₂(bipy)₄(C₂O₄)](SO₄)·(bipy)_0.5·H₂O (4) and [Mn(phen)₂(H₂O)₂]₂[Cr(phen)(C₂O₄)₂]₃ClO₄·14H₂O (5) were synthesized (bipy=4,4′-bipyridine, phen=1,10-phenanthroline), while the crystal structures of 1 and 3–5 have been determined by X-ray analysis. 1 and 3 are mononuclear complexes, 4 contains binuclear chromium(III) ions and 5 is a 3D supromolecule formed by complicated hydrogen bonding. 1–3 are potential molecular bricks of chromium(III) building blocks for synthesis heterometallic complexes. When we use these molecular bricks as ligands to react with other metal salts, unexpected complexes 4 and 5 are isolated in water solution. The synthesis conditions and reaction results are also discussed.     

X-ray crystal structure and vibrational spectra of hydrazides and their metal complexes. Part II. Hexaaquacobalt(II)bis(phthalhydrazidato)tetrahydrate

The hexaaquacobalt(II)bis(phthalhydrazidato)tetrahydrate, [Co(H₂O)₆](C₈N₂O₂H₅)₂·4H₂O is examined using single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The crystals are triclinic, space group , with a = 9.757(1), b = 10.955(2), c = 11.106(1),  = 100.79(2), β = 90.35(3), γ = 91.54(1) and Z = 2. In [Co(H₂O)₆](C₈N₂O₂H₅)₂·4H₂O, the cobalt(II) is coordinated by six water ligands and the [Co(H₂O)₆]²⁺ is associated with the two O-deprotonated phthalhydrazidato ions only by hydrogen bonds. The infrared and Raman spectra of phthalhydrazide (PH) and infrared spectra of deuterated derivative phthalhydrazide (PD) and of [Co(H₂O)₆](C₈N₂O₂H₅)₂·4H₂O are reported. The theoretical wavenumbers, infrared intensities and Raman scattering activities have been calculated using density functional (B3LYP) method with the 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. The calculated potential energy distribution has proved to be of great help in assigning the spectra PH, its deuterated derivative and [Co(H₂O)₆](C₈N₂O₂H₅)₂·4H₂O. The results from natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis for keto-hydroxy form of PH are presented.     

Template-directed Synthesis of Three Metal Oxalates via 4-Connected Building Units

Three novel compounds, [Co（en）3]2[Zr2（C2O4）7]·2H20（HNU-2, en=ethylenediamine）, [Co（NH3）6]· [Ce（CzO4）3（H2O）]·H2O（HNU-3） and [Co（dien）2][Gd（C2On）3]·0.75H2O（HNU-4, dien=dethylenetriamine） were hydro- thermal synthesized based on the templates of [Co（en）3]C13, [C0（NH3）6]C13 and [Co（dien）2]C13, respectively. The Zr4＋ Ce3＋ and Gd3＋ cations are all coordinated by four oxalates to form [M（C2O4）n（H2O）n]m （M=Zr, Ce or Gd; n=0 or 1; m=4 or 5）, which are similar to [In（C2O4）4]5- in NKB-1, and can be regarded as 4-connected building units. The [M（C2O4）a（H2O）n]m units are connected via sharing the bis-bidentate bridging oxalate ligands to form binuclears in HNU-2 and 1D ＂zigzag＂ chains in HNU-3 and HNU-4. cular building units to design 3D open frameworks with It is suggested that these compounds could be used as mole- zeolite topologies.     

铁氰根桥联的一维链状大环配位聚合物的合成及结构

配位聚合物的合成、结构和性质研究近年来引起了人们极大的兴趣 ,已成为配位化学最活跃的研究领域之一 .由于 [Fe( CN) 6 ]3- 和 [Fe( CN) 6 ]4- 离子本身具有丰富的配位特性 ,可与金属离子及其配合物形成一维链状、二维网状和三维立体结构的配位聚合物 [1～ 5] ,铁氰根和亚铁氰根桥联的配位聚合物的研究成为其中的研究热点之一 .此外 ,铁氰根和亚铁氰根桥联的配位聚合物具有较高的铁磁相变温度[6～ 8] ,是一类具有较好应用前景的分子磁体 .但是 ,以金属大环配合物作为结构单元与 [Fe( CN) 6 ]3-和 [Fe( CN) 6 ]4-离子形成的配位聚合物…     

A Novel Layered Complex with Rhomboidal Channels： Hydrothermal Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Properties of Cu （4,4′-bipy）2（H2PO4）2（H2O）2（bipy=bipyridine）

The combination of both 4,4′-bipyridine(4,4′-bipy) and dihydrogen phosphate anion ligands with copper(Ⅱ) results in the formation of a novel layered compound Cu(4,4′-bipy)₂(H₂PO₄)₂(H₂O)₂. The crystal structure comprises discrete neutral Cu(4,4′-bipy)₂(H₂PO₄)₂(H₂O)₂ units. The copper atom, located on the crystallographic twofold axis, is coordinated with two nitrogen atoms of terminal 4,4′-bipy ligands and two water molecules at the equatorial positions, and two dihydrogen phosphate oxygen atoms at the axial positions, forming an elongated octahedron. The complex is a two-dimensional distorted rhomboidal network possessing two kinds of rhomboids with dimensions of ca. 1.6792 nm×0.3203 nm and 1.2778 nm×0.3198 nm, respectively. The two-dimensional networks are stacked parallelly on each other along c-axis to give an extended three-dimensional channel network with an interlayer distance of ca. 0.5030 nm. Crystal data: triclinic, space group P1, a=1.0253(2) nm, b=1.4501(3) nm, c=0.79715(16) nm, α=97.91(3)°, β=90.99(3)°, γ=85.54(3)°, V=1.1703(4) nm³, Z=2, R=0.0892, wR=0.2451.     

Hydrothermal Syntheses,Crystal Structures and Thermal Properties of Two New Organically Templated Open-framework Gallium Phosphites

Two new open-framework gallium phosphites formulated as (C₂N₂H₁₀)_0.5Ga₂(OH)(H₂O)(HPO₃)₃(1) and (C₃N₂H₅)₂(C₃N₂H₆)Ga₈(H₂O)₆(HPO₃)₁₄(2) were hydrothermally synthesized in the presence of ethylenediamine(en) and imidazole as structure directing agents(SDA), respectively. Structural analyses reveal that the 3D structures of compounds 1 and 2 are both built up from the linkage of GaO₆, GaO₅(H₂O) and HPO₃^2? units by sharing vertices. The structure of compound 2 is constructed from well-known 4.6.12-net connecting layers in the AAAA stacking sequence, which are penetrated by the 1D Ga-O-P chains to form a 3D pillared-layered structure.     

DNA cleavage reaction of antitumour antibiotic, kapurimycin A3, with deoxytetranucleotide d(CGCG)2

Kapurimycin A3 (kap A3, 1 ), an antitumour antibiotic, alkylates N7 of guanine₂ (G₂) and G₄ of d(C₁G₂C₃G₄)₂ to produce their covalent adducts 2 (64 %) and 3 (7.0 %), respectively. Heating at 90 °C for 5 min degraded both adducts to kap A3 - G adduct (5) with the concurrent release of their respective abasic-site containing oligomers 4 and 6.     

Synthesis and X-ray crystal structures of bis(bis(μ2-2-aminoethanolato–N,O,O)–cobalt(III))–cobalt(II) hydrate, tris(biscyclohexylammonium)μ-hydroxo–bis(μ2-nitro–N,O)–hexanitro–dicobaltate(III) and biscyclohexylammonium nitrate(III)

Two new cobalt complexes: Co₃(NO₂)₄(NH₂CH₂CH₂O)₄·H₂O (1) and (NH₂(C₆H₁₁)₂)₃[Co₂(NO₂)₈OH]·3H₂O (2) and the compound (NH₂(C₆H₁₁)₂)NO₂ (3) were synthesised and their structures have been determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 consists of two centrosymmetrical trinuclear complexes and a water molecule of crystallization. Ligands coordinated to Co atoms are nitro and aminoethanolato groups. Structure 2 is built up of biscyclohexylammonium cations, dinuclear anions with hydroxo and nitro groups coordinated to Co atoms and water molecules. The coordination of Co atoms in both structures is roughly octahedral.