Investigation of Absorption and Emission Spectra of Nitrogen Oxides NO,N2O,NO2, and N2O4

Russian Physics Journal - The absorption and emission spectra of NO, N2O, NO2, and N2O4 nitrogen oxides have been studied with high and intermediate spectral resolution in the range 0.25–25...     

Correction to: Investigation of Absorption and Emission Spectra of Nitrogen Oxides NO,N2O,NO2, and N2O4

Russian Physics Journal - To the article “Investigation of Absorption and Emission Spectra of Nitrogen Oxides NO, N2O, NO2, and N2O4,” by N. I. Moskalenko, O. R. Kluchnikov, S. N....     

On the electronic structures of NO2 and its plane dimer N2O4

An independent electron molecular orbital theory is applied to all valence electrons of saturated hydrocarbons, using the 2s and 2p atomic orbitals of carbon and the 1s orbitals of hydrogen as a basis. It is shown that certain results about uniformity of charge distribution, already known for π-electrons, apply to all valence electrons in paraffins under conditions more general than those which lead to localized bonding. An attempt is then made to estimate the extent of electron delocalization in paraffins by calculating long-range molecular orbital bond orders and the associated contributions to energy stabilization. This is done by a perturbation method, the features causing delocalization being introduced as a perturbation of a theory of completely localized bonds. It is concluded that delocalization may arise from (1) the difference between atomic 2s and 2p energies, (2) bonding between non-neighbouring atoms and (3) partial π-bonding in carbon-carbon bonds. The first two causes lead to geminal interactions, but tend to cancel each other. Partial π-bonding leads to vicinal delocalization which may be considerable and is greatest in the trans configuration. The total energy correction due to delocalization is calculated and found to be quite large, but this is shown to be consistent with the established approximate additivity of bond energies.     

UV absorption cross section of the molecules O2, NO,N2O,CO2, H2O,and NO2

Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 52, No. 3, pp. 455–465, March, 1990.     

O(1D)+N2O→NO+NO反应的理论研究

应用三体模型及扩展的LEPS势能面(PES),对初始条件为(Ecol=55 kJ/mol,v=0,j=0)的O(1D)+N2O→NO+NO反应体系进行了准经典轨线(QCT)计算.根据计算结果对体系的势能面及反应机理进行详细的分析和讨论,较全面地研究了此反应体系的动力学特征.     

Photoacoustic detection of NO2 and N2O using quantum cascade lasers

Pulsed quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) with 6.2-μm and 8-μm wavelengths and a differential photoacoustic (PA) detector were used to measure concentrations of NO₂ and N₂O in the sub-ppmv range at ambient pressure. The QCL temperatures were tuned between -40 °C and 30 °C. Good agreement was found between measured PA vibrational spectra and simulated HITRAN spectra of both nitrogen oxides. The PA signals showed a linear dependence on the concentration in the investigated 0.5–50 ppmv region in both cases. The results for N₂O are compared with a PA measurement of N₂O at 2.9 μm using a grazing-incidence optical parametric oscillator. PACS 42.62.Fi; 82.80.Kq; 82.80.Gk; 92.60.Sz     

Sensors for the nitrogen oxides, NO2, NO and N2O, based on In2O3 and WO3 nanowires

Sensing characteristics of ZnO, In₂O₃ and WO₃ nanowires have been investigated for the three nitrogen oxides, NO₂, NO and N₂O. In₂O₃ nanowires of ∼20 nm diameter prepared by using porous alumina membranes are found to have a sensitivity (defined as the ratio of the sensor resistance in the gas concerned to that in air) of about 60 for 10 ppm of all the three gases at a relatively low temperature of 150 °C. The response and recovery times are around 20 s. The sensitivity of these In₂O₃ nanowires is around 40 for 0.1 ppm of NO₂ and N₂O at 150 °C. WO₃ nanowires of 5–15 nm diameter, prepared by the solvothermal process show a sensitivity of 20–25 for 10 ppm of the three nitrogen oxides at 250 °C. The response and recovery times are 10 s and 60 s, respectively. The sensitivity is around 10 for 0.1 ppm of NO₂ at 250 °C. The sensitivity of In₂O₃ and WO₃ nanowires is not affected by humidity even up to 90% relative humidity. The study also reveals that the sensing mechanism for the three nitrogen oxides have a commonality in that the desorption of oxygen is a crucial step in all the cases. PACS 07.07.Df; 85.35.-p; 82.35.Np     

Satellite structure in the photoelectron spectra of the core electrons of NO,N2O and H2O

Satellite structures have been observed in the photoelectron spectra of the core shells of nitric oxide, nitrous oxide and water. An attempt has been made to characterize the satellite structure in terms of monopole transitions resulting from electron shake-up. For this purpose comparisons of the observed excitation energies were made with optical data for both (1) the neutral molecules and (2) the analogous equivalent-core molecular ions. Using these energy comparisons and population densities for various molecular orbitals some assignments are made of the orbitals involved in electron shake-up as a function of the core vacancy.     

NO2的自增宽及N2O4和CO2外加气体压致增宽系数的激光磁共振方法测量

激光磁共振光谱方法被用来研究NO₂的v₃振转带谱线的线宽及压致增宽。通过实验测量及数据分析得到了NO₂的自增宽系数及外来气体N₂O₄和CO₂对它的压致增宽系数,γ_{NO2-NO2N2O4CO2}⁰=0.043±0.005,0.014±0.003,0.013±0.003MHz/Pa(HWHM),并由此得到了相应的碰撞截面。这些参数的获得对大气污染监测具有十分重要的意义。     

Analysis of degenerate four-wave mixing spectra of NO in a CH4/N2/O2 flame

4 /N₂/O₂ flame to spectral simulations based on a two-level theory for stationary, saturable absorbers by Abrams et al. Temperatures determined from least-squares fits of simulations to experimental spectra in the A²Σ⁺?X²Π⁺(0,0) band are compared to temperatures obtained from OH absorption spectroscopy and a radiation-corrected thermocouple. We find that DFWM rotational temperatures derived from Q-branch spectra agree with thermocouple and are independent of pump laser intensity for low to moderate saturation (I≈I_sat). However, the temperatures are systematically low and depend on pump intensity if the analysis neglects saturation effects. We demonstrate a method for obtaining an effective pump saturation intensity for use with the two-level model. This approach for analyzing saturated DFWM line intensities differs from previous work in that the use of the theory of Abrams et al. rather than a transition-dipole-moment power law allows treatment of a much wider range of saturation. Based on the observed signal-to-noise ratio an NO detection sensitivity of 25 ppm is projected, limited by a DFWM background interference specific to hydrocarbon flames. Received: 15 September 1998 / Revised version: 18 November 1998 / Published online: 24 February 1999     

Gate dielectrics prepared by double nitridation in NO and N2O

Oxynitrides prepared by double nitridation in nitric oxide (NO) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) are compared to the one with a single NO nitridation. Based on various hot-carrier stresses, harder oxide/Si interface, less charge trapping and generation of electron/hole traps in oxide, and larger charge-to-breakdown are observed for the doubly-nitrided gate dielectrics than the singly-nitrided one. By analyzing the nitrogen profiles in these oxynitrides, it is revealed that the involved mechanisms lie in the smaller distance of peak nitrogen concentration from the oxide/Si interface and the higher nitrogen content near the oxide/Si interface in the doubly-nitrided oxynitrides.     

On the additivity of atomic and molecular dipole properties and dispersion energies using H,N, O,H2, N2, O2, NO,N2O,NH3 and H2O as models

The zeroth-order theory of intermolecular forces is used to derive additivity relations for rotationally averaged molecular dipole properties and dispersion energy constants by assuming that a molecule is comprised of non-interacting atoms or molecules. Some of the additivity rules are new and others, for example the mixture rule for dipole oscillator strength distributions (DOSDs), Bragg's rule for stopping cross sections and Landolt's rule for molecular refractivities, are well known. The additivity rules are tested by using previously constructed DOSDs and reliable values for the dipole oscillator strength sums S_k , L_k and I_k , and dispersion energy constants C ₆, for H, N, O, H₂, N₂, O₂, NO, N₂O, NH₃ and H₂O as models. It is found that additivity is generally unreliable for estimating molecular properties corresponding to k < -2. Generally for k ≥ -2 and for C ₆, and if the hydrogen molecule is used to represent the hydrogen atom in the additivity rules, the additivity relations yield results that are reliable to within ?20 per cent and the estimates improve substantially as k increases. The effects of molecule formation on DOSDs is examined by comparing the various molecular DOSDs with the sum of the DOSDs for the atoms making up the molecules. Molecule formation results in a net decrease in the amount of dipole oscillator strength for low excitation energies and a compensating net increase for higher energies in a region extending from the absorption threshold to about 100 eV. This is shown to imply that estimates of the stopping average energy I ₀, obtained by using bona fide atomic I ₀ values, are lower bounds to the correct molecular I ₀ results.     

The absorption cross sections of N2, O2, CO,NO, CO2, N2O,CH4, C2H4, C2H6 and C4H10 from 180 to 700Å

The absorption cross sections of N₂, O₂, CO, NO, CO₂, N₂O, CH₄, C₂H₄, C₂H₆, C₄H₁₀ have been measured photoelectrically in the 180–700 Å region using synchrotron radiation. The absorption cross sections in the region λ ≥ 500 Å was found to be structureless and to increase monotonically with wavelength for all gases. The positions of the structure observed in the 520–720 Å region for N₂, O₂, CO₂ and N₂O are consistent with the various Rydberg series reported by previous authors.     

N2O异构体结构与解析势能函数

在B3P86/cc-PVTZ水平上,对N2O异构体进行优化计算,得出N2O基态的单重态能量最低,其稳定构型为C∞v构型,平衡核间距R1=0.1121 nm,R2=0.1177 nm,α＝180°,能量为-185.1188a.u.同时计算出基态的简正振动频率ω1(Π)=601.5010 cm-1,ω2(Σg)=1295.8518 cm-1和ω3(Σu)=2287.0627 cm-1.在此基础上,使用多体项展式理论方法,导出N2O分子的全空间解析势能函数,该势能函数准确再现了N2O(C∞v)平衡结构.     

Copper and oxygen vibrations in La2CuO4 and YBa2Cu3O7

We perform eV neutron scattering experiments (neutron energy > 1 eV) on copper metal, CuO, La₂CuO₄ and YBa₂Cu₃O₇, and neutron absorption experiments of HoBa₂Cu₃O₇, and determined the mean kinetic energy of O, Cu and other atoms in these materials. The Debye temperatures of Cu atoms in La₂CuO₄ and YBa₂Cu₃O₇ were estimated to be extremely large, about 1500 and 2000 K, respectively.     

Raman band shapes and the dynamics of liquid N2O4

The Raman spectra of the totally symmetric A _g modes, v ₁, v ₂ and v ₃, of the N₂O₄ molecule have been measured in the liquid state at 262, 279 and 297 K. The vibrational and the rotational correlation functions are calculated. The long-time exponential decay of the rotational correlation functions of all the A _g modes reflects an asymptotic diffusional behaviour of molecular reorientation. The rotational relaxation rate is found to increase with increasing temperature. A marked point of inflection from the short time inertial correlation to the long time exponential decay appears at about 0·35 ps for the v ₂ mode. This is an indication of orientational rebound arising from the librational motion in a temporary solvent cage. The isotropic bandwidth increases in the order v ₁ < v ₂ < v ₃, which is also the order of decreasing vibrational frequency. The temperature dependence of the peak frequency and of the bandwidth are also found to increase in the same order. These observations are analysed qualitatively in terms of two models of vibrational dephasing which take into account the effect of vibrational anharmonicity.