Solvent polarity effects and limited acid catalysis in rearrangements of model radicals for the methylmalonyl-CoA mutase- and isobutyryl-CoA mutase-catalyzed isomerization reactions

The kinetics of reactions of models for the intermediate radicals formed in the methylmalonyl-CoA mutase- and isobutyryl-CoA mutase-catalyzed rearrangements were studied by laser flash photolysis methods. The aldehyde-containing model analogous to the propanal-3-yl radical reacted via 3-exo cyclization with rate constants that varied with solvent polarity (k in the range 2 x 105 to 1 x 107 s-1). The analogous methyl ketone-containing radical reacted 2 orders of magnitude less rapidly, and the ethylthiocarbonyl-containing radical analogue reacted too slowly for kinetic measurements. No acid catalysis was observed in acetic acid, but the CF3CO2H-complexed radicals reacted 1 order of magnitude faster than the uncomplexed radicals. The results indicate that catalysis of the 3-exo radical cyclizations of the radicals formed in the enzymes by hydrogen bonding to an acid, so-called "partial protonation", is not adequate for acceleration of the reactions to the point of kinetic competence. A dissociative mechanism for the radical rearrangements in nature is considered as an alternative.     

FT-Raman spectroscopy of the reaction of polybutadiene with mercapto-thiadiazoles

Mercapto-thiadiazoles having potential anti-wear behaviour are reacted with polymers with existing viscosity index-improving properties in order to produce materials which may find a use as multifunctional lubricant additives. 2,5-Dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole, 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole and 2-methyl-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiadiazole were reacted with low MW polybutadiene containing vinyl-1,2, cis-1,4 and trans-1,4 (C=C) groups. The reactions were monitored using FT-Raman spectroscopy in order to determine quantitatively the consumption of the individual structural units when reacted with thiadiazoles. 2,5-Dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole reacted readily with the polybutadiene, achieving 80% reaction within a few hours. The thiadiazole reacted selectively with the order of addition being cis>vinyl>trans. 2-Amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole and 2-methyl-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole were found to react more slowly and hence to a lesser extent (40 and 25%, respectively) over a similar time scale.     

四氟乙烯齐聚体的反应 四氟乙烯四、五聚体和芳香胺的反应

前已报道四氟乙烯四聚体(全氟-3,4-甲基己烯-3)(1)、五聚体(全氟-3,4-二甲基-4-乙基己烯-2)(2)和脂肪烷氧以及脂肪胺的亲核反应.本文报道化合物1,2和芳香胺如苯胺、β-萘胺的反应.由于烯烃1、2双键处于分子中间,因而当亲核试剂进攻时,双键容易发生重排,生成的末端基烯烃更具反应性,故导致一取代、二取代、三取代以及环化降解等复杂产物.     

Structural studies of the Maillard reaction products of a protein using ion trap mass spectrometry

The early stage products of the Maillard reaction of egg white lysozyme with D-glucose were studied. Incubation with D-glucose at 50 degrees C for 20 days caused reaction on the Lys and Arg residues of lysozyme as follows: all of the six Lys residues and 10 of the 11 Arg residues in lysozyme reacted with D-glucose; Arg 61 did not react with D-glucose. The Lys residues reacted with D-glucose with 1 mol of dehydration per mole of residue, and the Arg residues reacted with 2 mol of dehydration per mole of residue. The major constituent of the Amadori product with the epsilon-amino group of the Lys residue and the D-glucose was found to be the beta-pyranose form. The structure of the early stage product of the Maillard reaction of a protein with a sugar is the same as that of an amino acid with a sugar.     

Grafting of functionalized silica particles with poly(acrylic acid)

Two different methods to graft silica particles with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) were studied. In the first method PAA was reacted with 1,1′‐carbonyldiimidazole to give functionalized PAA. The resulting activated carbonyl group reacted easily with 3‐aminopropyl‐functionalized silica at low temperatures. In the second method 3‐glycidoxypropyl‐functionalized silica particles were reacted directly with PAA by using magnesium chloride as a catalyst. Different molecular weights of PAAs were used in order to investigate the effect of molecular weight on grafting yields in both methods. The grafting yields were determined with thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). All products were also investigated with IR. The results showed that the yields of reactions performed at ambient temperature by using 1,1′‐carbonyldiimidazole‐functionalized PAA were the same as with a direct reaction of unfunctionalized PAA and 3‐aminopropyl‐functionalized silica performed at 153°C. Also in reactions between 3‐glycidoxypropyl‐functionalized silica and PAA the yields were satisfactory. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Alpha-trifluoromethylation of secondary and sterically hindered carboxylates with use of BrF3

Secondary esters and those with sterical hindrance at the beta carbon were reacted with base, carbon disulfide, and methyl iodide to produce methyl 2-carboalkoxydithioalkenoate (2). These compounds were reacted with BrF(3), forming the corresponding alpha-trifluoromethyl esters (3) along with 1,1-difluoro-2-trifluoromethyl-2-alkyl ethers (4). The products of type 4 have been transformed to derivatives of type 3, thus raising the overall yields of the target respective alpha-trifluoromethyl esters to 65-80%. The reaction is tolerant to different functional groups such as halogens, protected alcohols, esters, and lactones.     

聚甲基丙烯酰胺型配体交换色谱载体的研究

通过交联聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯与过量的乙二胺或多乙烯多胺反应,然后再与氯乙酸反应得到含有α-胺基乙酸基团的亲水性的聚甲基丙烯酰胺树脂.用这些树脂的Cu~(2+)络合物作为色谱载体对中性氨基酸进行分离.研究了色谱条件如洗脱剂组成、流速和柱温对分离的影响.     

Anti-inflammatory activity of heterocyclic systems using abietic acid as starting material

A series of pyridines, pyrimidinone, oxazinones, and their derivatives were synthesized as anti-inflammatory agents using abietic acid (7-isopropyl-1,4a-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,4b,5,6,10,10a-decahydrophenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid) as the starting material. The arylidiene derivative was treated with cyanothioacetamide to give cyano pyridine-thione, which was reacted with ethyl chloroacetate to yield the corresponding cyano ester. The ester was hydrolysed to the sodium salt, which was reacted with acetic anhydride to afford 2-methyloxazinone, which was treated with ammonium acetate to afford 2-methylpyrimidinone followed by methylation with methyl iodide to yield 2,3-dimethyl- pyrimidinone. In addition, the oxazinone derivative was reacted with aniline or hydrazine hydrate to give 3-phenyl- or 3-aminopyrimidinones. The latter reacted with thiophene-2-carboxaldehyde or phenylisothiocyanate to afford Schiff’s bases or thiosemicarbazide derivatives. The pharmacological screening showed that many of these compounds have good anti-inflammatory activity comparable to Prednisolone^® as reference drug.     

芳基肟胺菊酯类化合物和1，2，4－噁二唑衍生物的合成及其生物活性研究

芳基肟胺化合物与取代环丙烷羧酸酰氯在Ｅｔ_３Ｎ作用下室温反应得到芳基肟胺菊酯类化合物，在甲苯中回流反应则得到含取代环丙烷基的１，２，４－　二唑衍生物。前者在甲苯中回流，ＨＯＡｃ作催化剂时发生环化反应也生成１，２，４－　二唑衍生物．初步生物活性测试表明这些化合物具有的杀菌和除草活性．     

Reactions on polymers with amine groups. I. Reactions of vinylpridine polymers and of their model compounds with unsaturated carboxylic acids

The reactions of vinylpyridine polymers with α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids such as acrylic, methacrylic, crotonic, itaconic, cinnamic, fumaric, and maleic acids were studied. It was found that, when reacted with acrylic, itaconic and fumaric acids. poly(4-vinylpyridine) gave macromolecular betaine products while with maleic acid, betaine as well as the corresponding salt was obtained. Poly(2-vinylpyridine) reacted with the same acids as poly(4-vinylpyridine) gave only the salts. No significant changes were observed with the two polymers when reacted with methacrylic, crotonic, and cinnamic acids. To attempt to rationalize these observations with the two macromolecular tertiary amines, the reactions of 4-methyl and 2-methylpyridines with the same carboxylic acids were investigated. The ¹H-NMR methodology was generally applied to elucidate the chemical structure obtained. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Sulfur modification of polyethylene surfaces. II. Modification of polyethylene surfaces with fuming sulfuric acid

Previous work has shown that atomic sulfur irreversibility modifies polyethylene, presumably through an insertion reaction into carbon—hydrogen bonds with formation of surface thiol groups. The thiol groups were then oxidized to sulfonic acid surface groups, which were further reacted chemically as shown by wettability measurements. In this work the thiol group was bypassed and the surface sulfonic acid groups were obtained by exposing the polyethylene surface directly to fuming sulfuric acid. The sulfonic acid groups were reacted further. Critical surface tension values identical with those in the previous work with atomic sulfur were obtained, thus substantiating the previous work.     

光引发剂(4-甲苯基)(4-异丁基苯基)碘鎓六氟磷酸盐的合成研究

以对甲苯胺为原料,经重氮化、KI分解得到对-碘甲苯.在NH4Cl存在下,对-碘甲苯在过硫酸铵的氧化下与异丁苯反应,得到(4-甲苯基)(4-异丁基苯基)碘鎓氯.在丙酮溶剂中,(4-甲苯基)(4-异丁基苯基)碘鎓氯与六氟磷酸钾进行离子交换,得到目的产物(4-甲苯基)(4-异丁基苯基)碘鎓六氟磷酸盐.总收率为46.7%.通过紫外光谱、红外光谱和核磁共振测定,对产物进行了结构确证.     

茄呢基胺-氮芥衍生物的合成

首次设计并制备了二种以茄呢基胺和茄呢基哌嗪为载体的新型氮芥衍生物.即以二 (2 氯乙基 )胺盐酸盐为原料与邻苯二甲酸酐反应,合成出含有抗肿瘤活性基团的化合物 2 { [二 ( 2 氯乙基 )氨基 ]羰基 }苯甲酸,然后在二环己基碳二亚胺存在下,分别与茄呢基胺和茄呢基哌嗪进行酰化反应,得到两种含茄呢基胺类基团的氮芥衍生物,其结构经元素分析,IR,1HNMR和MS确证.     

一种可回收和重复使用配体的合成及其在AD反应中的应用

以3,6-二氯哒嗪为桥联基与奎宁及二氢奎宁在NaH和DMF中反应,生成物奎宁一侧在AIBN存在下与巯基乙醇反应,进而氧化成砜.生成的金鸡纳生物碱衍生物新配体1在AD反应中对6种烯烃的二羟化反应表现了很高的对映选择性(88%～99%e.e.)和化学产率(74%～91%).配体1可以回收和重复使用,在以肉桂酸乙酯为底物的AD反应中,重复使用4次,其催化活性和对映选择性保持不变.     

Synthesis of 3-cyano-2-pyridone derivative and its utility in the synthesis of some heterocyclic compounds with expecting antimicrobial activity

New 2-pyridone derivatives bearing p-methoxyphenyl and p-bromophenyl substituents at C-4 and C-6 were prepared smoothly by the one-pot reaction in high yield, and in a comparatively short time, it reacted with phosphorous oxychloride to produce the corresponding chloro compound. The latter was reacted with several nitrogen nucleophiles such as sodium azide, hydrazine, acetohydrazide, and benzohydrazide to give tetrazolo, hydrazino, and triazolo derivatives, respectively. The reaction of hydrazino derivative with cyclopentanone, furan-2-carbaldehyde afforded the corresponding hydrazone derivatives. Cyclocondensation of the latter compounds with thioglycolic acid afforded the nicotinamide derivatives. 2-Pyridone reacted with ethyl chloroacetate to afford chloroacetate and ethyl acetate derivatives. Ethyl acetate-derivative reacted with hydrazine hydrate and gave the acetohydrazide derivative, it was condensed with p-anisaldehyde and gave the 4-methoxybenzylidene acetohydrazide derivative. Also, 2-pyridone reacted with chloroacetic acid and or benzoyl chloride, afforded the benzoate derivative and 2-((6-(4-bromophenyl)-3-cyano-4-(4-methoxyphenyl) pyridin-2-yl) oxy) acetic acid, respectively. Structures of the products were confirmed using spectroscopic data and elemental analyses. Antibacterial activity of the synthesized compounds was evaluated against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.     

Sorption and transport properties of MY720/DDS epoxy reacted with blocking reagents

Thin films of the epoxy formed by the reaction of tetraglycidyl 4,4'-diamino-diphenylmethane and 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (73:27 w/w) were reacted with acrylonitrile (ACN) and isocyanates as blocking reagents for hydroxyl, amine, and epoxy groups. The water uptake at 30, 45, 55, and 70°C of the epoxy resin was monitored gravimetrically. At each temperature the epoxy exhibited case I or Fickian behavior. The diffusion coefficient D increased from 30 to 55°C, but decreased at 70°C because of the reaction of water with residual oxirane groups. Diffusion of ACN is accompanied by both reaction and polymerization, so equilibrium could not be reached. Sorption of the isocyanates essentially follows case I or Fickian behavior. Equilibrium moisture absorptions showed a correspondence between the reduction of moisture absorption and the number of blocked functional groups, irrespective of the nature of the blocking groups. Moisture absorption reductions as high as 68% were obtained. Moisture diffusion of the films after blocking with the various reactants exhibits case I or Fickian behavior. At 30°C, D values are significantly higher for reacted films. At 70°C, the value of D is unchanged as compared with the 30°C value for films reacted with ACN, but D values are significantly lower for films reacted with isocyanate blocking reagents as compared with the epoxy resin.     

靶向淋巴系统造影剂的制备及其动物实验

采用两种方法,一种方法是以右旋糖酐（Dextran）和DTPA的二酐为原料,DMAP为催化剂,另一种是以右旋糖酐和DTPA为原料,采用DMAP及EDC.HCl为联合催化剂,合成造影剂Dextran-DTPA-Gd.通过比较产物的水溶性及Gd含量确定了最佳制备条件,得到了钆含量为16.1%、水溶性好的高分子造影剂;通过FTIR、粒度分析表征了Dextran-DTPA-Gd的结构及其分子粒径大小（分布范围为100～150nm,平均值为130nm）;动物实验中,以钆喷酸葡胺注射液（Magnevist）为阳性对照,通过对比家兔腿部磁共振成像图,绘制腿部淋巴系统信号增强率-时间曲线,证明Dextran-DTPA-Gd具有更高的信号增强效果（最高值为314%）及淋巴系统选择性的特点,为其进一步应用奠定了基础.     

Reactions of group V metal atoms with water molecules. Matrix isolation FTIR and quantum chemical studies

Laser-ablated group V metal atoms (V, Nb, Ta) were co-deposited with water molecules in excess argon. The V atoms reacted with water to form the inserted HVOH molecule spontaneously. The Nb atoms reacted with water to form the NbOH2 complex and the inserted HNbOH molecule. Broad-band photolysis produced the H2VO and H2NbO molecules as well as the VO and NbO monoxides. For Ta + H2O reactions, neither TaOH2 nor HTaOH was observed, while the H2TaO molecule was produced on annealing, and the H2 elimination process was not observed on photolysis. The aforementioned species were identified via isotopic substitutions as well as density functional calculations. Qualitative analysis of the possible reaction paths leading to the observed products is proposed. The results have been compared with our earlier works concerning the Sc and group IV metal atoms with water reactions in order to observe existent trends for the early transition metal atoms.     

Strong adhesion and smooth conductive surface via graft polymerization of aniline on a modified glass fiber surface

The goal of this paper is to prepare surface-conductive glass fibers. The fibers were first hydroxylated, after which they were reacted with 3-bromopropyltrichlorosilane to form a bromopropylsilane monolayer, which was further reacted with aniline to substitute the bromine atoms. The surface-bound aniline molecules were used as active sites for the graft polymerization of polyaniline (PANI). The composition, structure and the morphology of the modified glass fiber surface were examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The method generated a smooth and homogenous thin layer of PANI on the surface of the glass fiber with a surface conductivity of about 6 S/cm, hence larger than the usual value ( approximately 1 S/cm) of the bulk polyaniline.     

白杨素-6-磺酸根与Al(Ⅲ)配位作用及荧光性能的研究

以白杨素为原料经磺化得白杨素-6-磺酸钠和白杨素-8-磺酸钠的混合物,使其与ZnSO4反应生成相应的Zn衍生物.利用Zn衍生物在热水中溶解度的差异,分离得到纯的白杨素-6-磺酸衍生物及其8-位异构体.6-位异构体经络合解聚得5,7-二羟黄酮-6-磺酸钠,以此为配体与Al(Ⅲ)作用得白杨素-6-磺酸铝配合物.采用元素分析,IR,UV和1HNMR化合物的结构进行了表征,并对白杨素-6-磺酸铝配位化合物的荧光性能进行了探讨.