魔方状微纳结构BaTiO3的制备及其压电催化性能

在简单溶剂热条件下,通过控制钡、钛物质的量之比制备了魔方状微纳结构BaTiO₃粉体,并以5 mg·L^-1罗丹明B(RhB)溶液为降解对象测试其压电催化性能。采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱对所制备粉体的物化性质进行详细表征,并测试其压电、光催化活性及循环稳定性。结果表明,钡、钛物质的量之比为1∶1时,合成的粉体为由立方体组装而成的魔方状四方相结构的BaTiO₃。在40 kHz、360 W的超声条件下,180 min内的降解率达90%,5次循环后的降解率为79.7%,变化率为11.4%,优于其光催化性能,具备优异的压电催化活性及循环稳定性。     

低温合成四方相BaTiO3及其压电催化性能

基于淀粉糊化机制低温合成了四方相BaTiO₃粉体。采用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱、紫外可见吸收光谱、X射线光电子能谱对合成粉体的形貌、物相进行表征;在超声条件下,以系列典型染料为降解对象测试BaTiO₃压电催化性能。结果显示,煅烧温度为600℃时即可获得四方相BaTiO₃粉体,且随着温度的提升,结晶度逐渐增加;当煅烧温度为700℃时,合成的BaTiO₃粉体尺寸分布均匀,分散度良好,呈现类立方体状;在超声驱动下,BaTiO₃降解罗丹明B、刚果红、甲基橙染料时均展现出良好的效果,反应速率常数分别为1.090×10^-2、1.113×10^-2、1.084×10^-2 min^-1,并以降解刚果红为对象揭示其压电催化的机理,即空穴和超氧自由基是降解过程中的主要反应物质。     

BaPbO3与BaTiO3多晶态陶瓷缺陷结构对比

BaPbO，是具有类金属导电特性的钙钛矿结构导电陶瓷，其晶体结构由Ba2＋和O^2-离子紧密堆积形成，pb^4＋离子占据由O^2-离子形成的八面体空隙。BaTiO3同为钙钛矿结构的陶瓷材料，由Ba^2＋和O^2-离子紧密堆积形成，Ti^4＋离子占据由O^2-离子形成的八面体空隙。BaPbO3和BaTiO3的A位离子相同,B位离子都为可变价离子。     

施主掺杂对BaTiO3钙钛矿半导体纳米晶光催化性能的影响

以沉淀法制备的Cu_2O为牺牲模板剂,采用水热法制备La施主掺杂的BaTiO_3钙钛矿半导体纳米晶,借助X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)、X射线光电子能谱((XPS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)表征La掺杂的BaTiO_3晶的物相、微观形貌及光催化性能。结果表明,La掺杂BaTiO_3构建了晶体缺陷,有效提高了BaTiO_3的光催化性能。当掺杂量为4%(w/w)时,样品的光催化性能最好,在可见光照射360 min后,对4-硝基苯酚溶液的降解率可达到93.2%。该催化剂5次循环后的活性仍然大于86.7%,表明La施主掺杂的BaTiO_3是一种有效的可见光催化剂。     

Nd2O3添加量对BaTiO3陶瓷介电性能的影响

BaTiO₃ ceramics doped with Nd₂O₃(the additive content was respectively 0.001,0.002,0.003,0.005,0.01,0.03mol)were prepared by Sol-Gel method. Effects of Nd₂O₃ contents on the dielectric constant (ε), the dielectric loss (tanδ) ,the Curie-temperature (T_C) and the resistivity (ρ) of BaTiO₃ ceramic were studied. When Nd₂O₃ content was 0.001mol and 0.002mol, the dielectric constant was increased obviously, but the dielectric loss was also increased. When Nd₂O₃ content was 0.003mol, the dielectric constant was increased, and the dielectric loss was decreased, which was suitable for application in condenser. The resistivity was decreased obviously with the increasing of Nd₂O₃ contents, the resistivity was the smallest when Nd₂O₃ content was 0.001mol. The Curie-temperature was also decreased with the increasing of Nd₂O₃ contents.     

均匀共沉淀法制备BaTiO3 -Nix Zn1-x Fe2 O4 核-壳粒子及其性能

以尿素为沉淀剂, 在无后续热处理的情况下, 采用均匀共沉淀法制备了BaTiO3-NixZn1-xFe2O4核-壳粒子. 采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、 X射线衍射仪(XRD)、 能谱仪(EDS)及振动样品磁强计(VSM)对BaTiO3-NixZn1-xFe2O4核-壳粒子的形貌、 结构、 成分和磁性能进行了表征. 结果表明, 制备的核-壳结构粒子中NixZn1-xFe2O4壳层在BaTiO3颗粒的表面包覆完整. 通过控制共沉淀中NiCl2·6H2O与ZnCl2的摩尔比可以调控BaTiO3-NixZn1-xFe2O4核-壳粒子的磁性; 加入的NiCl2·6H2O与ZnCl2摩尔比为7∶3时制得的核-壳粒子具有较好的磁性能, 其饱和磁化强度和矫顽力分别为26.999 A·m2/kg和902.787 A/m.     

B2O3-Bi2O3-ZnO-Al2O3玻璃助烧剂对BaTiO3陶瓷烧结条件、晶体结构和介电性能的影响

通过调节B₂O₃‐Bi₂O₃‐ZnO‐Al₂O₃(BBZA)玻璃的添加量研究其对钛酸钡(BaTiO₃)陶瓷烧结条件、晶体结构和介电性能的影响。结果表明：添加适量的BBZA玻璃能够有效地将BaTiO₃陶瓷烧结温度由1350℃降至950℃,并使其致密化。同时,添加BBZA玻璃后,BaTiO₃的晶体结构随着烧结温度的升高而发生转变(立方相→四方相)。另外,BBZA玻璃的引入使BaTiO₃陶瓷的居里峰得到了有效的抑制和拓宽。陶瓷微观形貌显示,玻璃相均匀分布在BaTiO₃晶粒表面。优化的BaTiO₃陶瓷制备条件如下：BBZA添加量(质量分数)为2.0%,烧结温度为950℃。在该条件下制备的BaTiO₃陶瓷介电常数达到1364,介电损耗低至1.2%。     

g-C3N4/CaTi2O5复合材料制备及其光催化性能

利用类石墨氮化碳（g-C₃N₄）和亚稳相钙钛氧化物（CaTi₂O₅）固相法制备C₃N₄/CaTi₂O₅复合材料。利用X射线衍射（XRD）、金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）及附带能谱分析仪（EDS）和N₂吸附-脱附对样品的显微结构和比表面积进行检测分析,并用紫外-可见吸收光度计（UV-Vis）测试了样品的光吸收性能,研究C₃N₄与CaTi₂O₅物质的量之比（n_C3N4/nCaTi₂O₅）对C₃N₄/CaTi₂O₅复合样品的物相结构和微观形貌的影响,同时考察C₃N₄/CaTi₂O₅复合样品在可见光照射下光催化降解罗丹明染料效果。实验结果表明：相比纯C₃N₄和CaTi₂O₅样品,C₃N₄/CaTi₂O₅复合样品在可见光下具有较高的光催化性能,随着n_C3N4/nCaTi₂O₅增加,样品的光催化降解率随之增加而后降低,当n_C3N4/nCaTi₂O₅=1：1时,样品的光催化降解率达到最大值99.5%,并且循环重复利用5次后,样品的光催化剂降解率仍几乎保持不变。复合样品光催化性能提高主要归因于复合能级结构有效地抑制了电子和空穴复合所致。     

La2(CO3)3纳米线的微乳液法制备与表征

La₂(CO₃)₃ nanowires were prepared in the nonionic surfactant microemulsion(Triton X-100/cyclohexane/water)system. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and selected area electronic diffraction (SAED) were used to characterize the shape and size of the products. The results showed that the pH value and concentration of mother solution, temperature and aging time all could affect the morphology and size of the La₂(CO₃)₃ nanowires. The lengths of the nanowires were more than 10 μm and the diameters were in the range of 30～200 nm.     

多级结构Mg3B2O6: Eu3+花状微球的制备、表征及其发光性能

以硝酸镁(Mg(NO₃)₂·6H₂O)和硼砂(Na₂B₄O₇·10H₂O)为原料, 稀土元素Eu³⁺为激活剂, 采用聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)辅助共沉淀法得到前驱体, 并通过焙烧制备了多级结构Mg₃B₂O₆: Eu³⁺花状微球。通过XRD、SEM、TEM以及荧光光谱等手段分别对前驱体煅烧产物的结构、形貌、组成和荧光特性进行了表征。实验表明, 在波长为393 nm激发光的激发下, 所得到的产品在612 nm处有明显的特征发射峰, 对应于Eu³⁺的(⁵D₀→⁷F₂)特征跃迁发射。这一荧光性质使得该材料在荧光灯、显示系统和光电设备应用中具有广阔的前景。同时我们还探讨了微球的形态、Eu³⁺的掺杂量及焙烧温度对花状微球荧光性能的影响。     

稀土改性BaTiO3粉体的制备及其导电性分析

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纯BaTiO3粉体,并以La、Pr、Nd、Sm、Gd和Er等稀土元素通过液相掺杂、气相掺杂和液-气共掺3种不同的方式对其进行改性,以提高BaTiO3粉体的导电性.实验结果表明:各种稀土均可降低BaTiO3粉体的电阻率,效果最好的是Sm.不同掺杂方式中液-气共掺的效果最好,通过液相掺杂、气相掺杂和液-气共掺,BaTiO2粉体的电阻率由4.30×109Ω·m分别降至2.38×105,4.34×104和35.4 Ω·m.XRD、SEM、FTIR分析表明.液相掺杂时进入BaTiO3粉体的稀土元素主要集中在晶界处,而气相掺杂后稀土元素主要进入晶格内部,可能取代了Ti4+在晶格中的位置.半径较小的稀土元素更容易迁移而偏离钛氧八面体的中心位置,由此导致稀土掺杂后BaTiO3粉体的电阻率显著降低.     

熔盐法包覆BaTiO3及其电性能

通过熔盐法,将MgTiO3薄膜均匀地包覆在钛酸钡颗粒表面,。形成芯壳结构,包覆机理是在MgCl2的熔盐状态（800度）下,Mg^2 取代BaTiO3中的Ba2 离子,表面生成MgTiO3薄膜,薄膜厚度约20nm,采用TEM,XRD验证了MgTiO3的包覆,包覆粉末经烧成瓷后,具有良好的高频性能,在1MHz-800MHz的频率范围内,介电常数恒定为130。     

Preparation and electrorheological characteristic of Y-doped BaTiO3 suspension under dc electric field

The electrorheological (ER) effects of BaTiO₃ or other perovskite materials with high dielectric constant are presumed to be large. However, their weak ER activity is very puzzling. In this study, we choose cubic BaTiO₃ and first achieve its ER enhancement under dc electric field by modifying its intrinsic structure with doping rare earth Y ions, which are synthesized by means of sol-gel technique. DSC-TG, FT-IR, XRD, ICP and XPS techniques are used to characterize thermal, structure and component change of materials. It is demonstrated that Y³⁺ substitutes for Ba²⁺, which causes lattice-distorting defects. Rheological experiments show that Y-doped BaTiO₃ suspension has notable ER effect and clear fibrillation structure under dc electric field, while the pure cubic BaTiO₃ suspension suffers from electrophoretic effects and its ER effect is very weak. The ER effect of typical Y-doped BaTiO₃ ER suspension is ten times that of pure BaTiO₃ ER suspension. Based on the electrical measurements, the enhancement of ER activity of BaTiO₃ may be attributed to the increase of conductivity due to Y-doping. The enhancement in ER activity of cubic BaTiO₃ under dc electric field by doping rare earth Y ions is helpful to further understand the perovskite-based ER materials with high dielectric constant but low ER activity.     

溶胶凝胶法制备Nd2O3改性钛酸钡陶瓷的研究

The technological condition for the preparation of BaTiO₃ ceramics doped with Nd₂O₃ by Sol-Gel was deter-mined through orthogonal experiment. When n_Ba(Ac)2∶n_Ti(OC4H9)4∶n_Nd2O3∶n_{CH3(CH2)2CH2OH}∶n_H2O=1.00∶1.00∶0.003∶7.30∶37.04, pH=3.5,T=25℃,the light-yellow-transparent-stable solution and thorough transparent gel was generat-ed, the transforming time of solution to gel was 25h. The crystal structure and particle size of BaTiO₃ ceramics doped with Nd₂O₃ were studied by SEM and X-ray respectively, the type of the crystal was tetragonal, the particle size was about 24.7nm. The dielectric constant (ε) and dielectric loss (tanδ) of BaTiO₃ ceramics doped with Nd₂O₃ were determined between 10⁴～10⁶Hz, and the results showed that the dielectric constant was increased obviously, the dielectric loss was decreased clear and the resistivity (ρ_V) was also decreased noticeably.     

Grain size modulation on BaTiO3 nanoparticles synthesized at room temperature

A new method is developed to synthesize massive BaTiO₃ nanoparticles directly at room temperature. With this method, the synthesis efficiency is improved and mass preparation can be realized. Also, the grain size of the as-prepared nanoparticles can be modulated from several nanometers to 40 nm through proper selection of the content of water and the alkanol chain length of the dispersant. It was found that smaller water content and a larger alkanol chain length of the dispersant will lead to a finer grain size. The mechanisms of the grain size modulation of BaTiO₃ nanoparticles are also discussed.     

B2O3-Bi2O3-ZnO-Al2O3玻璃助烧剂对BaTiO3陶瓷烧结条件、晶体结构和介电性能的影响

通过调节B₂O₃-Bi₂O₃-ZnO-Al₂O₃(BBZA)玻璃的添加量研究其对钛酸钡(BaTiO₃)陶瓷烧结条件、晶体结构和介电性能的影响。结果表明：添加适量的BBZA玻璃能够有效地将BaTiO₃陶瓷烧结温度由1 350℃降至950℃,并使其致密化。同时,添加BBZA玻璃后,BaTiO₃的晶体结构随着烧结温度的升高而发生转变(立方相→四方相)。另外,BBZA玻璃的引入使BaTiO₃陶瓷的居里峰得到了有效的抑制和拓宽。陶瓷微观形貌显示,玻璃相均匀分布在BaTiO₃晶粒表面。优化的BaTiO₃陶瓷制备条件如下：BBZA添加量(质量分数)为2.0%,烧结温度为950℃。在该条件下制备的BaTiO₃陶瓷介电常数达到1 364,介电损耗低至1.2%。