Kerr相互作用下量子相干性分布和量子信息流动

本文针对Kerr相互作用下系统中量子相干性的动力学分布进行了研究.所讨论系统包含两个没有相互作用的原子,每个原子都被囚禁在各自的光腔中,同时光腔被充满了非线性Kerr介质.研究发现非线性Kerr相互作用能够增加两原子间的量子相干性,而且增大的幅度会随着Kerr相互作用强度的增加而得以提高.其次,借助迹距离的方法,还探讨了非线性Kerr相互作用对于原子与光腔之间的量子信息流动的影响,发现Kerr相互作用可以加快量子信息回流到原子子系统中,抑制原子子系统与其余子系统间的量子信息交换,阻碍量子信息在系统中不同子系统间的流动,从而保护原子子系统中拥有的量子信息.     

具有Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya相互作用的XY模型的量子相干性

研究了具有Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya(DM)相互作用的一维横场XY自旋链的量子相变和量子相干性.采用约旦-维格纳变换严格求解了哈密顿量,并描绘了体系的关联函数和相图,相图包含反铁磁相、顺磁相和螺旋相.利用相对熵和Jensen-Shannon熵讨论了XY模型的量子相干性.研究发现,相对熵与Jensen-Shannon熵所表现的行为都可以很好地表征该模型的量子相变.非螺旋相中量子相干性不依赖DM相互作用,而在螺旋相DM相互作用对量子相干性有显著影响.此外,指出了在带有DM相互作用的这一类反射对称破缺体系中关联函数计算的常见问题.     

生物光子的相干性

所有活的生物都有自发的微弱发光,它与生命运动的许多基本过程和生物的许多重要功能有着内在联系,以ｐｏｐｐ为首的生物物理学家认为这种发光全部或部分来自生物体内存在的高度相干的电磁场,并把这样来源的光子叫做“生物光子”。文章介绍了支持生物光子相干性的主要实验事实,即生物体内远离热平衡态的激发态能级分布、生物群体发光的非线性效应和“延迟发光”的双曲线衰减动力学,还介绍了实验验证生物光子相干性的光子计数统计。     

空间相干性的实验观测

扼要说明了空间相干的意义及干涉条纹反衬度的表达式，介绍了一种多数物理实验室可实现的可空间相干性定性观察和定量测量的方法。     

集体测量估计量子相干性的性能研究

量子相干性作为资源理论提出后,对它的量化和实验测量的研究一直受到大家广泛的关注。目前已有研究证明集体测量可以提高相干性的测量精度,但在具体实验中实验条件对集体测量估计量子相干性的性能影响还尚不清晰。分别数值模拟了在不同探测效率和资源数条件下集体测量估计相干性的误差,并与其他方法进行了比较。分析发现存在一定参数范围使集体测量的方法在探测效率为60%的情况下比探测效率为90%的态层析的方法更优;此外,随着资源数的增多,集体测量的性能几乎不依赖于量子态和相干性的度量方式,误差均以相同尺度在减小。     

第九讲 生物光子的相干性

所有活的生物都有自发的微弱发光，它与生命运动的许多基本过程和生物的许多重要功能有着内在联系，以ｐｏｐｐ为首的生物理学家认为，这种发光全部或部分来自生物体内存在的高度相干的电磁场，并把这样来源的光子叫做“生物光子”。文章介绍了支持生物光子相干性的主要实验事实，即生物体内远离热平衡态的激发态能级分布、生物群体发光的非线性效应和“延迟发光”的双曲线衰减动力学，还介绍了实验证生物光子相干性的光子计数统计。     

用外加驱动场压缩有热槽相互作用二态量子系统的退相干性

讨论了具有热槽相互作用二态量子系统在外加驱动场作用下的退相干性问题,推导了二态量子系统密度算子非对角矩阵元的时间演化关系.确定了外加驱动场与退相干性之间的关系,并建立了退相干性消除时外加场必须满足的约束方程. 关键词：     

逻辑门操控腔内多光子过程中原子最大相干性恢复

考虑初始处于最大纠缠态的两全同二能级原子,将其中一个注入单模真空态腔场中发生多光子共振相互作用,将腔外原子及腔场视为腔内原子的环境,研究通过操作腔外原控制腔内原子最大相干性恢复。考察对腔外原子作Haddmard(H)逻辑门操作及基态测量前后,腔内原子约化密度矩阵非对角元时间演化曲线。结果表明：对腔外原子操作前,腔内任意 光子过程原子密度矩阵非对角元任意时刻都为零,总是处于混合态或经典态,相干性不能恢复。对腔外原子操作后,在光子数 过程中,腔内原子密度矩阵非对角元呈现周期为 的时间演化,在 时刻最大相干性恢复及态被制备。对于多光子（ ）的过程,腔内原子密度矩阵非对角元时间演化呈高频振荡,振幅呈非线性变化,最大相干性恢复周期变小、恢复次数增多。通过利用腔场与原子之间的共振相互作用和原子之间的纠缠,可实现腔内原子相干性恢复远程控制。与单光之过程相比,多光子过程更有利于原子相干性的恢复。     

逻辑门操控腔内多光子过程中原子最大相干性恢复

考虑初始处于最大纠缠态的两全同二能级原子,将其中一个注入单模真空态腔场中发生多光子共振相互作用,而将腔外原子及腔场视为腔内原子的环境,研究通过操作腔外原子实现腔内原子最大相干性恢复调控.考察对腔外原子作Hadamard门操作及基态测量前后两种情况下,腔内原子约化密度矩阵非对角元时间演化曲线.结果表明:对腔外原子操作前,腔内原子总是处于混合态或经典态,相干性不能恢复;对腔外原子操作后,腔内原子密度矩阵非对角元呈现周期性演化,最大相干性可周期性恢复,而且最大相干性恢复周期随光子数目k增大而变小.通过利用腔场与原子之间的共振相互作用和原子之间的纠缠,可实现腔内原子相干性恢复远程控制,与单光之过程相比,多光子过程更有利于原子相干性的恢复.     

从离散Wigner函数的角度探讨量子相干性度量

量子相干性是量子信息处理的基本要素,在量子计算中扮演着重要的角色.为了便于讨论量子相干性在量子计算中的作用,本文从离散Wigner函数角度对量子相干性进行了探讨.首先对奇素数维量子系统的离散Wigner函数进行了分析,分离出表征相干性的部分,提出了一种可能的基于离散Wigner函数的量子相干性度量方法,并对其进行了量子相干性度量规范的分析;同时也比较了该度量与l_1范数相干性度量之间的关系.重要的是,这种度量方法能够明确给出量子相干性程度与衡量量子态量子计算加速能力的负性和之间不等式关系,由此可以解析地解释量子相干性仅是量子计算加速的必要条件.     

Enhancement of the Quantum Coherence in a Hierarchical Environment System by Weak Measurement and Weak Measurement Reversal

The quantum coherence of a two-qubit system in which each qubit is coupled to its own hierarchical environment is studied. The effect of the hierarchical environment is explored in order to improve the coherence effectively. It is discovered that the dynamics of coherence can be manipulated by the number N of the second-layer cavities ($m_n$), the coupling strengths Ω₀, Ω, κ, respectively for the qubit-cavity (m₀), nearest-neighbor, and m₀-$m_n$ cavities. It depends also on the decay rate Γ of second-layer cavities. Furthermore, an effective scheme for enhancing coherence is proposed by using weak measurement and weak measurement reversal. The explicit conditions of the optimal measurement strengths to improve the coherence comparatively are derived. It is seen that the final stable value of the coherence is independent of the number N of second-layer cavities but is related to the weak measurement strength m when the coupling strength between two nearest-neighbor cavities is taken into account.     

与非等同双原子相互作用下光场的相干性质

研究了具有不同偶极矩的两个原子与双模压缩真空场相互作用系统中光场的相干性质.讨论了两个原子与双模压缩真空场的相对耦合常量(R=g1/g2)和光场的初始压缩因子r对二阶相干度、光场的模间相关性、Cauchy-Schwartz不等式的影响.结果表明,光场的初始压缩因子较小时,光子的聚束效应和反聚束效应交替出现,且光场的模间相关程度较强.光场的初始压缩因子较大时,光子呈现聚束效应,且模间相关程度较弱.双原子的相对耦合常量R对二阶相干度、光场的模间相关性、Cauchy-Schwartz不等式的时间演化规律有影响,但不能改变光场模间相关的非经典性质.     

Coherence control for photonic logic gates via Y-configuration double-control quantum interferences

Destructive and constructive quantum interferences exhibited in a four-level Y-configuration double-control atomic system are suggested. It is shown that the probe transition (driven by the probe field) can be manipulated by the quantum interferences between two control transitions (driven by the control fields) of the four-level system. The atomic vapor is opaque (or transparent) to the probe field if the destructive (or constructive) quantum interference between the control transitions emerges. The optically sensitive responses due to double-control quantum interferences can be utilized to realize some quantum optical and photonic devices such as the logic-gate devices, e.g., the NOT, OR, NOR and EXNOR gates.     

倒Y型四能级系统中自发辐射诱导相干对弱探测场的色散和吸收特性的影响

本文研究了倒Y型四能级系统中自发辐射诱导相干对探测场的色散和吸收特性的影响。在稳态条件下利用密度矩阵微扰理论推导出了密度矩阵的迭代解。数值分析了自发辐射诱导相干对线性和非线性折射率和吸收系数的影响,分析了泵浦场和耦合场偏离双光子共振对弱探测场色散和吸收特性的影响。研究发现自发辐射诱导相干使弱探测光的线性和非线性折射率增强,同时形成一个较宽的透明窗。在没有自发辐射诱导相干的情况下,泵浦场和耦合场偏离双光子共振对探测场的线性和非线性折射率影响明显,在有自发辐射诱导相干的情况下,泵浦场和耦合场偏离双光子共振使得探测场的线性透明窗变窄,非线性吸收增加。     

Dimer adsorption on square surfaces with first- and second-neighbor interactions

Dimer adsorption on surfaces simulates the adsorption of particles that bind onto two nearest-neighbor sites. In 1993, we constructed a transfer matrix (T-matrix) for the study of dimers on stepped surfaces, consisting of M-sites wide square terraces, considering only first-neighbor interaction energies. Here, we consider a more realistic model by including both first- and second-neighbor interaction energies, V and W. The non-trivial construction of the T-matrix to include second-neighbor interactions is used to obtain the low-temperature energy phase diagrams of the dimer system for any M, when first-neighbors are attractive, and for values of M<7 when first-neighbors are repulsive. New crystallization patterns and phases are observed and extrapolated to infinite M. Monte Carlo simulation techniques confirm our T-matrix results, but the T-matrix method is found to be computationally more efficient and more precise. However, Monte Carlo parallel tempering simulations combined with finite-size scaling, while limited in precision, are more efficient to obtain the critical temperature of the various order-disorder transitions as a function of W/|V|, from the study of the heat capacity and the order parameter as functions of temperature. We also discuss the relevance of these results to experiments.     

Improved quantum state transfer via quantum partially collapsing measurements

In this work, we present a general scheme to improve quantum state transfer (QST) by taking advantage of quantum partially collapsing measurements. The scheme consists of a weak measurement performed at the initial time on the qubit encoding the state of concern and a subsequent quantum reversal measurement at a desired time on the destined qubit. We determine the strength q_r$q_r$ of the post quantum reversal measurement as a function of the strength p$p$ of the prior weak measurement and the evolution time t$t$ so that near-perfect QST can be achieved by choosing p$p$ close enough to 1, with a finite success probability, regardless of the evolution time and the distance over which the QST takes place. The merit of our scheme is twofold: it not only improves QST, but also suppresses the energy dissipation, if any.     

基于操作腔外原子比特控制腔内原子比特相干性时间演化

考虑初始处于两类Bell态的两原子比特,将其中一个注入真空态腔中发生共振相互作用的情况,研究基于操作腔外原子比特控制腔内原子比特相干性时间演化.考察对腔外原子比特施Hadamard(H)门,H类门,Y门及位相门四种逻辑门操作及态选择测量前后,腔内原子比特约化密度矩阵非对角元时间演化曲线,讨论两类Bell态之间的关联性.结果表明,对腔外原子比特操作前,腔内原子比特密度矩阵非对角元在任意时刻都为零,总是处于混合态或经典态,因此始终退相干.而对腔外原子比特施H门和H类门操作及基态测量后,腔内原子比特密度矩阵非对角元呈现周期为2π的时间演化,除(2n+1)π/2时刻外,其相干性得到恢复;在nπ时刻,其最大相干叠加态和一般相干叠加态被制备;两类Bell态之间存在R∧(π/2)旋转关联性.而对腔外原子比特施Y门及位相门操作后,腔内原子比特的相干性得不到恢复.发现腔内原子比特的相干性得到恢复的必要条件是,逻辑门操作能够调节腔内原子比特与环境的相互作用,并使两原子比特与场分离的同时,它们之间形成强相干性的纠缠态分布.     

Amplifying and freezing of quantum coherence using weak measurement and quantum measurement reversal

We analyze universal conditions where the l_1 norm and relative entropy of coherence are amplified and frozen under identical bit-flip channels;that is,using pre-measurements(quantum weak measurements or quantum measurement reversals) on the systems before undergoing local bit-flip channels.With the option of quantum weak measurements or quantum measurement reversals,the measurement strength and the success probability are all determined by the initial state of the quantum system.     

Dense coding capacity in correlated noisy channels with weak measurement

Capacity of dense coding via correlated noisy channel is greater than that via uncorrelated noisy channel. It is shown that the weak measurement and reversal measurement need to further improve their quantum dense coding capacity in correlated amplitude damping channel, but this improvement is very small in correlated phase damping channel and correlated depolarizing channel.     

Coherence properties of Stokes beams

A Stokes beam is a light beam which is expressible as a superposition of a completely polarized and a completely unpolarized beam. In this note we study coherence properties of a wide class of beams of this kind. The behaviors of the degree of coherence of a Stokes beam produced by a circular planar source are expressed in terms of Lommel functions and theoretical results are illustrated by computed examples.