双跳跃仿射扩散模型的几何平均型水平重置期权定价

在资产收益率及其波动率均满足随机跳跃且具有跳跃相关性的仿射扩散模型下,用广义双指数分布和伽玛分布分别刻画非对称性收益率及其波动率的跳跃波动变化,研究了具有几何平均特征的水平重置期权定价问题.通过Girsanov测度变换和多维Fourier逆变换方法,给出了此类重置期权定价的解析公式.最后,通过数值实例着重分析了联合跳跃...     

Stochastic differential equations with diffusion and jumps modeling currency markets

An efficient currency market with zero transaction costs is considered. The dynamics of the exchange rate in this market is described by stochastic differential equations (SDEs) with diffusion and jumps; the latter are assumed to be described by a Lévy process. Adjusting theoretical arbitrage-free option prices computed within these models to market option prices requires properly choosing the coefficients in the SDEs. For this purpose, an expression for local volatility in a diffusion model is found and a relation between local and implied volatilities is determined. For a market model with diffusion and jumps, expressions for the local volatility and the local rate function are given. Moreover, in Merton’s model, where the jump component is a compound Poisson process with normal jumps, a relation between the local and the implied volatilities is determined.     

The option value of advanced R & D

Existing tools for making R&D investment decisions cannot properly capture the option value in R&D. Since many new products are identified as failures during the R&D stages, the possibility of refraining from market introduction may add a significant value to the NPV of the R&D project. This paper presents new theoretical insight by developing a stochastic jump amplitude model in a real setting. The option value of the proposed model depends on the expected number of jumps and the expected size of the jumps in a particular business. The model is verified with empirical knowledge of current research in the field of multimedia at Philips Corporate Research. This way, the gap between real option theory and the practice of decision making with respect to investments in R&D is diminished.     

Pricing VIX options in a stochastic vol‐of‐vol model

This paper proposes and makes a study of a new model for volatility index option pricing. Factors such as mean‐reversion, jumps, and stochastic volatility are taken into consideration. In particular, the positive volatility skew is addressed by the jump and the stochastic volatility of volatility. Daily calibration is used to check whether the model fits market prices and generates positive volatility skews. Overall, the results show that the mean‐reverting logarithmic jump and stochastic volatility model (called MRLRJSV in the paper) serves as the best model in all the required aspects. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

随机利率下股价服从多个跳源的跳-扩散模型的连续履约价期权定价

假定标的资产服价格的跳过程服从一类特殊的更新跳过程,考虑多个跳源影响,在Vasicek扩展利率模型下,利用鞅方法给出连续履约价期权的定价公式.     

Optimal stopping, free boundary, and American option in a jump-diffusion model

This paper considers the American put option valuation in a jump-diffusion model and relates this optimal-stopping problem to a parabolic integro-differential free-boundary problem, with special attention to the behavior of the optimal-stopping boundary. We study the regularity of the American option value and obtain in particular a decomposition of the American put option price as the sum of its counterpart European price and the early exercise premium. Compared with the Black-Scholes (BS) [5] model, this premium has an additional term due to the presence of jumps. We prove the continuity of the free boundary and also give one estimate near maturity, generalizing a recent result of Barleset al. [3] for the BS model. Finally, we study the effect of the market price of jump risk and the intensity of jumps on the American put option price and its critical stock price.     

Unifying pricing formula for several stochastic volatility models with jumps

In this paper, we introduce a unifying approach to option pricing under continuous‐time stochastic volatility models with jumps. For European style options, a new semi‐closed pricing formula is derived using the generalized complex Fourier transform of the corresponding partial integro‐differential equation. This approach is successfully applied to models with different volatility diffusion and jump processes. We also discuss how to price options with different payoff functions in a similar way. In particular, we focus on a log‐normal and a log‐uniform jump diffusion stochastic volatility model, originally introduced by Bates and Yan and Hanson, respectively. The comparison of existing and newly proposed option pricing formulas with respect to time efficiency and precision is discussed. We also derive a representation of an option price under a new approximative fractional jump diffusion model that differs from the aforementioned models, especially for the out‐of‐the money contracts. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Option pricing when asset returns jump interruptedly

This paper proposes an extension of Merton's jump‐diffusion model to reflect the time inhomogeneity caused by changes of market states. The benefit is that it simultaneously captures two salient features in asset returns: heavy tailness and volatility clustering. On the basis of an empirical analysis where jumps are found to happen much more frequently in risky periods than in normal periods, we assume that the Poisson process for driving jumps is governed by a two‐state on‐off Markov chain. This makes jumps happen interruptedly and helps to generate different dynamics under these two states. We provide a full analysis for the proposed model and derive the recursive formulas for the conditional state probabilities of the underlying Markov chain. These analytical results lead to an algorithm that can be implemented to determine the prices of European options under normal and risky states. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate how time inhomogeneity influences return distributions, option prices, and volatility smiles. The contrasting patterns seen in different states indicate the insufficiency of using time‐homogeneous models and justify the use of the proposed model. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Analysis of the expected discounted penalty function for a general jump-diffusion risk model and applications in finance

In this paper, we extend the Cramér-Lundberg risk model perturbed by diffusion to incorporate the jumps of surplus investment return. Under the assumption that the jump of surplus investment return follows a compound Poisson process with Laplace distributed jump sizes, we obtain the explicit closed-form expression of the resulting Gerber-Shiu expected discounted penalty (EDP) function through the Wiener-Hopf factorization technique instead of the integro-differential equation approach. Especially, when the claim distribution is of Phase-type, the expression of the EDP function is simplified even further as a compact matrix-type form. Finally, the financial applications include pricing barrier option and perpetual American put option and determining the optimal capital structure of a firm with endogenous default.     

Jump-adapted discretization schemes for Lévy-driven SDEs

We present new algorithms for weak approximation of stochastic differential equations driven by pure jump Lévy processes. The method uses adaptive non-uniform discretization based on the times of large jumps of the driving process. To approximate the solution between these times we replace the small jumps with a Brownian motion. Our technique avoids the simulation of the increments of the Lévy process, and in many cases achieves better convergence rates than the traditional Euler scheme with equal time steps. To illustrate the method, we discuss an application to option pricing in the Libor market model with jumps.     

Pricing American currency options in an exponential Lévy model

In this article the problem of the American option valuation in a Lévy process setting is analysed. The perpetual case is first considered. Without possible discontinuities (i.e. with negative jumps in the call case), known results concerning the currency option value as well as the exercise boundary are obtained with a martingale approach. With possible discontinuities of the underlying process at the exercise boundary (i.e. with positive jumps in the call case), original results are derived by relying on first passage time and overshoot associated with a Lévy process. For finite life American currency calls, the formula derived by Bates or Zhang, in the context of a negative jump size, is tested. It is basically an extension of the one developed by Mac Millan and extended by Barone‐Adesi and Whaley. It is shown that Bates' model generates pretty good results only when the process is continuous at the exercise boundary.     

WAVELET ESTIMATION FOR JUMPS IN A HETEROSCEDASTIC REGRESSION MODEL

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A self-exciting threshold jump–diffusion model for option valuation

A self-exciting threshold jump–diffusion model for option valuation is studied. This model can incorporate regime switches without introducing an exogenous stochastic factor process. A generalized version of the Esscher transform is used to select a pricing kernel. The valuation of both the European and American contingent claims is considered. A piecewise linear partial-differential–integral equation governing a price of a standard European contingent claim is derived. For an American contingent claim, a formula decomposing a price of the American claim into the sum of its European counterpart and the early exercise premium is provided. An approximate solution to the early exercise premium based on the quadratic approximation technique is derived for a particular case where the jump component is absent. Numerical results for both European and American options are presented for the case without jumps.     

基于修正的已实现阈值幂变差的股市跳跃波动行为研究

基于非参数统计方法,利用考虑金融资产价格跳跃和杠杆效应的时点波动估计方法修正已实现阈值幂变差,构造甄别跳跃的检验统计量,对金融资产价格中的随机波动、有限活跃跳跃和无限活跃跳跃等问题进行综合研究。为同时吸收波动率的异方差集聚效应和收益率的非对称效应,对原有的已实现波动率异质自回归预测模型进行拓展,将非对称的异质性自回归模型的误差项设定为GARCH模型,以考察跳跃波动序列与连续波动序列之间的复杂关系。利用沪深股指高频数据进行实证研究,包括进行跳跃识别,跳跃活动程度检验和波动率预测效果对比。研究结果表明,沪深股市同时存在布朗运动成分、有限活跃跳跃和无限活跃跳跃成分,其中连续路径方差占主体。同时,收益和波动间的杠杆效应显著,无论短期还是长期,连续波动和跳跃波动对波动率的预测均具有显著影响,同时考虑股价的跳跃、波动和杠杆效应因素有助于更准确地刻画资产价格动态过程。     

Pricing VIX options with stochastic skew and asymmetric jumps

This paper performs several empirical exercises to provide evidence that the stochas-tic skew behavior and asymmetric jumps exist in VIX markets.In order to adequately capture all of the features,we develop a general valuation model and obtain quasi-analytical solutions for pricing VIX options.In addition,we make comparative studies of alternative models to illustrate the e ects after taking into account these features on the valuation of VIX options and investigate the relative value of an additional volatility factor and jump components.The empirical results indicate that the multi-factor volatility structure is vital to VIX option pricing due to providing more exibility in the modeling of VIX dynamics,and the need for asymmetric jumps cannot be eliminated by an additional volatility factor.     

Pricing currency derivatives with Markov-modulated Lévy dynamics

Using a Lévy process we generalize formulas in Bo et al. (2010) for the Esscher transform parameters for the log-normal distribution which ensure that the martingale condition holds for the discounted foreign exchange rate. Using these values of the parameters we find a risk-neural measure and provide new formulas for the distribution of jumps, the mean jump size, and the Poisson process intensity with respect to this measure. The formulas for a European call foreign exchange option are also derived. We apply these formulas to the case of the log-double exponential distribution of jumps. We provide numerical simulations for the European call foreign exchange option prices with different parameters.     

Analog of the black-scholes formula for option pricing under conditions of (b, s, x)-incomplete market of securities with jumps

We describe a (B, S,X )-incomplete market of securities with jumps as a jump random evolution process that is a combination of an ltô process in random Markov medium and a geometric compound Poisson process. For this model, we derive the Black-Scholes equation and formula, which describe the pricing of the European call option under conditions of (B,S,X)-mcomplete market.     

Progressive Enlargement of Filtrations and Backward Stochastic Differential Equations with Jumps

This work deals with backward stochastic differential equations (BSDEs for short) with random marked jumps, and their applications to default risk. We show that these BSDEs are linked with Brownian BSDEs through the decomposition of processes with respect to the progressive enlargement of filtrations. We prove that the equations have solutions if the associated Brownian BSDEs have solutions. We also provide a uniqueness theorem for BSDEs with jumps by giving a comparison theorem based on the comparison for Brownian BSDEs. We give in particular some results for quadratic BSDEs. As applications, we study the pricing and the hedging of a European option in a market with a single jump, and the utility maximization problem in an incomplete market with a finite number of jumps.     

Real (investment) options with multiple sources of rare events

We value real (investment) options when the underlying asset follows a mixed jump-diffusion process involving various types (sources) of rare events (jumps). These jumps are assumed independent of each other, with each type having a log-normally distributed jump size and a random (Poisson-distributed) arrival time. They may represent uncertainties about the arrival and impact (on the underlying investment) of new information concerning technological innovation, competition, political risk, regulatory effects and other sources. An analytic solution is presented for European claims (call or put options) with multiple sources of jumps. A discrete-time (Markov-chain) methodology (implemented within a finite-difference scheme) is proposed for the valuation of American as well as European options. The approach is also applicable to financial options with multiple types of rare events. The approach is illustrated through valuing complex real options with compound features involving interactions between optimal investment and subsequent operating decisions. Specifically, we value a growth option and an extension option.     

A jump-diffusion model for option pricing under fuzzy environments

Owing to fluctuations in the financial markets from time to time, the rate λ of Poisson process and jump sequence {V_i} in the Merton’s normal jump-diffusion model cannot be expected in a precise sense. Therefore, the fuzzy set theory proposed by Zadeh [Zadeh, L.A., 1965. Fuzzy sets. Inform. Control 8, 338-353] and the fuzzy random variable introduced by Kwakernaak [Kwakernaak, H., 1978. Fuzzy random variables I: Definitions and theorems. Inform. Sci. 15, 1-29] and Puri and Ralescu [Puri, M.L., Ralescu, D.A., 1986. Fuzzy random variables. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 114, 409-422] may be useful for modeling this kind of imprecise problem. In this paper, probability is applied to characterize the uncertainty as to whether jumps occur or not, and what the amplitudes are, while fuzziness is applied to characterize the uncertainty related to the exact number of jump times and the jump amplitudes, due to a lack of knowledge regarding financial markets. This paper presents a fuzzy normal jump-diffusion model for European option pricing, with uncertainty of both randomness and fuzziness in the jumps, which is a reasonable and a natural extension of the Merton [Merton, R.C., 1976. Option pricing when underlying stock returns are discontinuous. J. Financ. Econ. 3, 125-144] normal jump-diffusion model. Based on the crisp weighted possibilistic mean values of the fuzzy variables in fuzzy normal jump-diffusion model, we also obtain the crisp weighted possibilistic mean normal jump-diffusion model. Numerical analysis shows that the fuzzy normal jump-diffusion model and the crisp weighted possibilistic mean normal jump-diffusion model proposed in this paper are reasonable, and can be taken as reference pricing tools for financial investors.