基于软件无线电的无源超高频RFID标签性能测试

讨论了无源超高频射频识别(UHF RFID)系统的信号传输过程及性能测试方法,以软件定义无线电方式实现了符合ISO/IEC18000-6C标准的无源标签的部分性能测试,研究了部分通信参数动态变化时标签应答功率的变化,并对不同标签的灵敏度进行了测试.所有实验在常规条件下完成,测试研究表明在基带编码采用较小的Tari值、PW为50％以及较高的调制系数时,阅读器能够接收到标签反射回来的最大功率,系统的识别距离最远. 关键词： 射频识别 无源电子标签 标签灵敏度 性能测试     

基于BP神经网络的智能轮胎标签仿真研究

轮胎中植入的RFID标签,可以长时间的很好的存储轮胎的型号、胎压、出厂日期等信息。RFID标签在空气中的阅读距离可以达到很大的距离,但是一旦植入轮胎中,很容易受到轮胎中的金属层和炭黑等电介质的影响,导致读取距离下降。所以,需要寻找合适的方法来预测不同RFID标签情况下的阅读器读取距离,就显得尤为重要了。 为了更加快捷方便的研究两者之间的关系,在天线长度、轮胎的介电常数、与钢丝层的距离都变化的情况下,利用FEKO电磁仿真软件建立了不同情况下的天线,并仿真得到反射系数S_11,然后利用弗林斯传输方程（Friis）计算得到仿真读取距离。MATLAB中有可供调用的神经网络工具箱,利用MATLAB强大的数据处理能力,建立BP神经网络预测模型,从而建立起标签天线长度、轮胎中标签与钢丝层的距离、轮胎介电常数和已得到的仿真读取距离之间的BP神经网络模型。实际测量值与训练后得到的预测仿真值在误差允许的范围内可以认定为实际测量距离。 因此,可以通过建立BP神经网络模型的方法,快速方便的在一定精度范围内预测阅读器的阅读距离。     

Use of copper ink for fabricating conductive electrodes and RFID antenna tags by screen printing

We have synthesized nano-sized copper hydroxide powder and copper (II) neodecanoate complex that can be decomposed to form copper metal films. Copper conductive ink was then prepared by mixing the powder and complex with a binder in terpineol. The lowest resistivity of 12.5 μΩ cm and 5B level of adhesion strength were obtained with 5% addition of epoxy resin as a binder. The copper ink was then applied to fabricate a loop-type RFID antenna tag and the performance of the antenna was compared with that of conventional copper-etched and silver-paste antenna. The fabricated RFID antenna showed comparable performance to the conventional RFID antenna.     

Harmonic signal generation and frequency upconversion using selective sideband Brillouin amplification in single-mode fiber

Harmonic signal generation and frequency upconversion at millimeter-wave bands are experimentally demonstrated by using selective sideband Brillouin amplification induced by stimulated Brillouin scattering in a single-mode fiber. The harmonic signals and frequency upconverted signals are simultaneously generated by the beating of optical sidebands, one of which is Brillouin amplified. By using this method, we successfully demonstrate generation of third-harmonic millimeter waves at 32.55 GHz with f(LO) of 10.85 GHz and upconversion of 10 Mbps quadrature-shift keyed data at f(IF) of 1.55 GHz into a 30 GHz band with more than 17 dB RF power gain.     

Nonlinear analysis of relativistic harmonic generation by intenselasers in plasmas

A linearly polarized, ultraintense laser field induces transverse plasma currents which are highly relativistic and nonlinear, resulting in the generation of coherent harmonic radiation in the forward direction (i.e., copropagating with the incident laser field). A nonlinear cold fluid model, valid for ultrahigh intensities, is formulated and used to analyze relativistic harmonic generation. The plasma density response is included self-consistently and is shown to significantly reduce the current driving the harmonic radiation. Phase detuning severely limits the growth of the harmonic radiation. The effects of diffraction are considered in the mildly relativistic limit. No third-harmonic signal emerges from a uniform plasma of near-infinite extent. A finite third-harmonic signal requires the use of a semi-infinite or finite slab plasma. For an initially uniform plasma, no second-harmonic radiation is generated. Generation of even harmonics requires transverse gradients in the initial plasma density profile     

Third-harmonic generation in relative-phase-controlled two-color laser field

We experimentally demonstrate third-harmonic generation (THG) by intense femtosecond laser pulse at a central wavelength of ??800?nm superposed by its second harmonic in air. The third-harmonic signal shows a periodic modulation with a period of ??0.67?fs when the delay between fundamental and second-harmonic wave is continuously changed. The periodic modulation of THG can be attributed to the interference of third-harmonic signals generated from a direct THG channel (3??=??+??+??) and a four-wave mixing (FWM) channel (3??=2??+2?????). With high pump intensity, the fitting of the measured TH spectrum as a function of delay implies that the pump pulse undergoes a strong pulse splitting and self-phase modulation at the focus.     

Depth-resolved multiphoton polarization microscopy by third-harmonic generation

We achieve depth-resolved polarization microscopy by measuring third-harmonic generation induced by a tightly focused circularly polarized beam. In crystals exhibiting strong birefringence this signal is dominated by positively phase-matched third-harmonic generation. This process occurs in only optically anisotropic media, in which the birefringence compensates for the phase mismatch between the fundamental and the third harmonic induced by dispersion. Both the intensity and the polarization of the emitted signal provide information on the local optical anisotropy. We demonstrate the technique by imaging biogenic crystals in sea urchin larval spicules.     

混沌干扰中基于同步挤压小波变换的谐波信号提取方法

针对混沌干扰背景下多个谐波信号的提取问题, 提出了一种基于同步挤压小波变换(SST)的谐波信号抽取方法. 首先利用SST将混沌信号和谐波信号组成的混合信号分解为不同的内蕴模态类函数, 然后利用Hilbert变换对分离出的内蕴模态类函数进行频率识别, 从中分离出各谐波信号. 以Duffing混沌背景为例, 对混沌干扰下多谐波信号的提取进行了实验分析. 实验结果表明: 对于不同频率间隔的多个谐波分量, 本文方法的提取结果都具有较高的精度, 而且所提方法对高斯白噪声的干扰具有较好的鲁棒性, 综合提取效果优于经典的经验模态分解方法.     

Adaptive correction of a tightly focused, high-intensity laser beam by use of a third-harmonic signal generated at an interface

By using the third-harmonic signal generated at an air-dielectric interface, we demonstrate a novel way of correcting wavefront aberrations induced by high-numerical-aperture optics. The third harmonic is used as the input physical parameter of a genetic algorithm working in closed loop with a 37-actuator deformable mirror. This method is simple and reliable and can be used to correct aberrations of tightly focused beams, a regime where other methods have limitations. Improvement of the third-harmonic signal generated with an f/1.2 parabolic mirror by 1 order of magnitude is demonstrated.     

Harmonic signal extraction from noisy chaotic interference based on synchrosqueezed wavelet transform

For the harmonic signal extraction from chaotic interference, a harmonic signal extraction method is proposed based on synchrosqueezed wavelet transform(SWT). First, the mixed signal of chaotic signal, harmonic signal, and noise is decomposed into a series of intrinsic mode-type functions by synchrosqueezed wavelet transform(SWT) then the instantaneous frequency of intrinsic mode-type functions is analyzed by using of Hilbert transform, and the harmonic extraction is realized. In experiments of harmonic signal extraction, the Duffing and Lorenz chaotic signals are selected as interference signal, and the mixed signal of chaotic signal and harmonic signal is added by Gauss white noises of different intensities.The experimental results show that when the white noise intensity is in a certain range, the extracting harmonic signals measured by the proposed SWT method have higher precision, the harmonic signal extraction effect is obviously superior to the classical empirical mode decomposition method.     

超短强激光作用下空气的三次谐波辐射

进行了飞秒强激光与自由空气和充气毛细管相互作用产生三次谐波的实验研究，成功地获得了功率达0.17GW、重复频率为10Hz的紫外三次谐波信号，谐波的转换效率达到0.04%。对自由空气和充气毛细管中的谐波转换效率和谐波空间分布特性进行了比较。实验表明微毛细管虽然使谐波转换效率略有降低，但能有效地改善谐波的空间分布，使其更好地满足实际应用的需要。     

Multimegawatt relativistic harmonic gyrotron traveling-wave tubeamplifier experiments

The first multimegawatt (4 MW, η=8%) harmonic (ω=sΩ_c, s=2,3) relativistic gyrotron traveling-wave tube (gyro-twt) amplifier experiment has been designed, built, and tested. Results from this experimental setup, including the first ever reported third-harmonic gyro-twt results, are presented. Operation frequency is 17.1 GHz. Detailed phase measurements are also presented. The electron beam source is SNOMAD-II, a solid-state nonlinear magnetic accelerator driver with nominal parameters of 400 kV and 350 A. The flat-top pulsewidth is 30 ns. The electron beam is focused using a Pierce geometry and then imparted with transverse momentum using a bifilar helical wiggler magnet. The imparted beam pitch is a α≡β_⊥/β_∥≈1. Experimental operation involving both a second-harmonic interaction with the TE₂₁ mode and a third-harmonic interaction with the TE ₃₁ mode, both at 17 GHz, has been characterized. The third-harmonic interaction resulted in 4-MW output power and 50-dB single-pass gain, with an efficiency of up to ~8% (for 115-A beam current). The best measured phase stability of the TE₃₁ amplified pulse was ±10° over a 9-ns period. The phase stability was limited because the maximum RF power was attained when operating far from wiggler resonance. The second harmonic, TE₂₁ had a peak amplified power of 2 MW corresponding to 40 dB single-pass gain and 4% efficiency. The second-harmonic interaction showed stronger superradiant emission than the third-harmonic interaction. Characterizations of the second- and third-harmonic gyro-twt experiments presented here include measurement of far-field radiation patterns, gain and phase versus interaction length, phase stability, and output power versus input power     

基于RFID和无人机的畜牧定位系统

针对牲畜放养情况下出现的易走丢,难以定位和统计问题,设计实现了基于RFID和无人机的畜牧定位系统。系统主要由数据采集、数据处理和终端显示三个功能模块组成。通过给每个牲畜绑定一个有源RFID标签,结合装配有RFID阅读器和手机的无人机进行自动巡航,实现把RFID数据和扫描到RFID时所对应的经纬度数据经手机进行预处理,再使用移动数据网络发送到数据服务器。服务器端对数据进行进一步分析和处理后,将牲畜位置数据和统计数据在养殖户手机终端显示,方便养殖户进行牲畜查看和管理。最后通过实地实验,对获取到的数据进行结果分析,显示牲畜定位误差在系统估计误差范围之内,具有较高准确性。对比原有的修筑围栏等方式,本系统具有成本较低、使用方便、可行性高的优点。     

Evaluation of MRI issues for an access port with a Radiofrequency Identification (RFID) tag

ObjectiveA medical implant that contains metal, such as an RFID tag, must undergo proper MRI testing to ensure patient safety and to determine that the function of the RFID tag is not compromised by exposure to MRI conditions. Therefore, the objective of this investigation was to assess MRI issues for a new access port that incorporates an RFID tag.Materials and MethodsSamples of the access port with an RFID tag (Medcomp Power Injectable Port with CertainID; Medcomp, Harleysville, PA) were evaluated using standard protocols to assess magnetic field interactions (translational attraction and torque; 3-T), MRI-related heating (3-T), artifacts (3-T), and functional changes associated with different MRI conditions (nine samples, exposed to different MRI conditions at 1.5-T and 3-T).ResultsMagnetic field interactions were not substantial and will pose no hazards to patients. MRI-related heating was minimal (highest temperature change, 1.7 °C; background temperature rise, 1.6 °C). Artifacts were moderate in size in relation to the device. Exposures to MRI conditions at 1.5-T and 3-T did not alter or damage the functional aspects of the RFID tag.ConclusionsBased on the findings of the test, this new access port with an RFID tag is acceptable (or, MR conditional, using current MRI labeling terminology) for patients undergoing MRI examinations at 1.5-T/64-MHz and 3-T/128-MHz.     

Spectral modulation of third-harmonic generation by molecular alignment and preformed plasma

We demonstrate spectral modulation of third-harmonic generation from molecular alignment effects. The third harmonic spectrum is broadened or narrowed under different influences of cross-phase modulations originating from various molecular alignment revivals. Furthermore, the spectrum and spatial distribution of the generated third harmonic pulse change dramatically in the presence of a preformed plasma. Under the influence of a preformed plasma, a narrower third harmonic spectrum is observed, and the conical third-harmonic pulse increases while the axial part decreases. The investigation provides an effective method to modulate the spectral characteristic and spatial distribution of third-harmonic generation from intense femtosecond filament.     

基于RFID无阻塞扫描控制的机器人室内定位设计

针对RFID移动机器人室内定位中的标签扫描问题,提出一种基于六边形分布模式的RFID无阻塞扫描控制方案,用于机器人的室内定位系统设计和误差检测。首先,将RFID标签根据六边形模式进行分布,减小位置估计的静态误差;然后,阅读器利用固定信道分配(FCA)方法给每个标签分配ID,使阅读范围内标签ID都不相同;最后,当阅读器读取信息时,发送查询请求给范围内的标签,标签根据自身ID决定应答时隙,避免冲突。实验结果表明,相比基于树的扫描控制方案,本文方案能够降低标签/阅读器的复杂度,同时具有较小的位置估计误差和扫描延迟,可帮助机器人实现精确定位。     

THIRD-HARMONIC COEFFICIENT IN A BILATERAL ROUGH GOLD FILM PERCOLATION SYSTEM

In this paper, the third-harmonic coefficient in a bilateral rough Au-film percolation system deposited on the self-affine substrates is studied. It is proved experimentally that both the critical current and the film resistivity an functions of the third-harmonic coefficient yield power law critical behaviors. However, compared with flat systems, the critical exponents are significantly changed. The discussion for the universality behavior in this special system is also presented.     

The impact of ADC nonlinearity in a mixed-signal compressive sensing system for frequency-domain sparse signals

Compressive sensing (CS) holds new promises for the digitization of wideband frequency-domain sparse signals at sub-Nyquist rate sampling without compromising the reconstruction quality. In this paper, the impact of ADC nonlinearity in a CS receiver for frequency-domain sparse signals is investigated. In a mixed-signal CS system, signals are randomized before sampling. The signal spectrum at each building block in the mixed-signal CS system is analyzed and compared to a conventional Nyquist-rate sampling system. It is shown that the signal randomization in a mixed-signal CS system is able to spread the spurious energy due to ADC nonlinearity along the signal bandwidth, rather than the concentration of harmonic distortion on a few frequencies as it is the case for a conventional ADC. As a result, this paper shows that a significant ADC SFDR (Spurious Free Dynamic Range) improvement is achieved in a CS receiver when processing sparse signals. Simulation results are reported which are in good agreement with the qualitative analysis.     

改进的无线射频识别阅读器定位算法

针对RFID故障频率较高而导致RFID阅读器定位准确性较低的问题,提出一种改进的RFID阅读器定位算法。首先对RFID阅读器的故障类型进行分析,然后基于识别区域几何知识和线性二阶锥形规划处理长时大范围故障,并且采用质量指数指标对定位结果进行评价,最后对算法进行仿真测试。仿真结果表明,相对于当前的RFID阅读器定位算法,本文算法不仅提高了定位精度,而且可以提供定位质量信息。     

复合基底圆极化微带贴片天线建模与仿真

设计了一种用于无源射频识标签,中心谐振频率为2.45GHz的圆极化微带贴片天线。设计中引入了Rogers RO4232 (tm),Rogers RO4003 (tm)以及玻璃短纤维增强聚四氟乙稀三种材质的复合基底,利用Ansoft HFSS 10.0进行建模,并对设计模块进行仿真和优化处理,仿真结果表明天线的方向性良好,有效增益为5.534dB, 带宽>50MHz(S11<-15dB),阻抗匹配良好。驻波比、辐射效率均与理论期望吻合,各项指标达到了航空配件管理及维修记录的实际需求且易于实现,价格低廉,可靠性好。