Ni2P/Cu(OH)2催化剂的制备及其全解水性能研究

通过化学处理法在泡沫铜基底表面生成Cu(OH)₂纳米线,大大增加了基底材料的表面积和导电性.采用水热法在Cu(OH)₂纳米线表面制备片状Ni-CH/Cu(OH)₂前驱体,对Ni-CH/Cu(OH)₂前驱体进行低温磷化得到多级结构Ni₂P/Cu(OH)₂催化剂.通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对催化剂的物质结构和表面形貌进行了表征.采用线性伏安法、恒电位等技术对催化剂的电化学性能进行测试.在1.0 mol·L^-1 KOH碱性溶液中,当电流密度为10 mA·cm^-2时,Ni₂P/Cu(OH)₂的析氢反应(HER)和析氧反应(OER)过电位分别为133和333 mV,且均具有较好的稳定性.将这种多级结构Ni₂P/Cu(OH)₂催化剂分别用作阳极和阴极进行全解水电解,电流密度达到10 ...     

Cu3P辅助诱导Ni2P电荷定向转移和表面重构以获得高效析氧活性

与助催化剂形成异质结,通过调整活性位点的电子结构和电荷输运来提高Ni₂P的电催化活性是一种可行的方法。本文成功构建了一种高效的Cu₃P/Ni₂P异质结催化剂,其中Cu₃P本身仅作为助催化剂,通过调节Ni₂P的电子转移和表面重构来提高电催化活性。结果表明,在10 mA·cm^-2的电流密度下,Cu₃P/Ni₂P具有优异的析氧反应(OER)活性,过电位为213 mV。结合实验结果和理论计算可知,Cu₃P助催化剂可以有效调整Ni中心的电子结构,实现电荷重分布,降低反应能垒,从而显著提高OER催化活性。此外,Cu₃P助催化剂诱导的丰富的晶界和晶格畸变促进了表面重构,形成Ni₅O(OH)₉,为OER提供了有效的活性位点。本工作通过引入助催化剂构建了一种新型异质结电催化剂,为优化过渡金属磷化物的电催化性能提供了一条有效途径。     

磷化镍/氮硫双掺杂石墨烯复合材料的制备及电催化析氢性能

采用水热法合成了具有高活性的磷化镍纳米晶(Ni₂P), 并合成了氮、 硫共掺杂石墨烯负载磷化镍纳米催化剂(Ni₂P/NSRGO). 对该催化剂的结构和形貌进行了表征, 并研究其电催化析氢性能. 电化学测试结果表明, Ni₂P/NSRGO复合电催化剂的析氢性能优于Ni₂P/RGO催化剂, 具有较小的Tafel斜率(35 mV/dec)、 较低的过电位(η₁₀=140 mV)和良好的稳定性.     

前驱体物相转变对浆态床合成甲醇催化剂活性的影响

采用并流共沉淀法, 通过考察老化温度, 研究CuO/ZnO/Al₂O₃催化剂前驱体晶相及组成的变化对浆态床催化合成甲醇的反应活性的影响. 结果表明, 前驱体的物相转变对浆态床合成甲醇活性影响显著, 单斜晶系锌孔雀石(Cu,Zn)₂CO₃(OH)2和斜方晶系绿铜锌矿(Cu,Zn)₅(CO₃)₂(OH)₆晶体是产生高活性催化剂的主要物相. 随着Cu²⁺/Zn²⁺进入Zn₅(CO₃)₂(OH)₆/Cu₂CO₃(OH)₂晶格, 离子同晶取代量增加, 催化剂前驱体中形成了固定铜锌比的锌孔雀石和绿铜锌矿物相. 焙烧后催化剂比表面积增大, CuO-ZnO固溶体协同作用加强, 浆态床催化合成甲醇的活性提高.     

血小板状Ru掺杂Ni2P纳米催化剂的合成及其双功能电催化析氢和析氧性能

采用简单的一锅法制备了血小板状Ru掺杂Ni_2P纳米片催化剂。金属Ru的引入不但显著增强了催化剂的电子传输性能,而且导致血小板状纳米片表面产生了大量阶梯/位错缺陷;此外,电催化活性位点测试表明Ru和Ni_2P均是电催化的有效活性组分。这些因素共同促进了电催化析氢(HER)和析氧反应(OER)过程。对于HER,该催化剂表现出明显优于单一Ni_2P和Ru且接近商用20%(w/w)Pt/C催化剂的初始电位(35 mV)和Tafel斜率(34 mV·dec~(-1))以及长久的稳定性(3 000圈)。对于OER,该催化剂表现出优于Ni_2P、Ru、20%Pt/C且接近商用IrO_2催化剂的初始电位(1.54 V)和过电势η10(0.49 V)。     

原位生长Pd/Ni(OH)2/NF复合催化剂及其析氢性能

采用水热合成法在泡沫镍上原位构建了低贵金属含量的钯/氢氧化镍纳米复合催化剂（Pd/Ni（OH）₂/NF）。通过扫描电镜,能谱仪,X射线衍射仪和X射线光电子谱仪等分析技术表征了催化剂的形貌和微观结构;运用线性扫描伏安法,电化学阻抗谱和计时电流法等手段研究了催化剂的催化析氢性能。实验结果显示复合催化剂具有特殊的微观构型,超薄的Ni（OH）₂薄片生长在泡沫镍表面,纳米尺寸的钯均匀地镶嵌在氢氧化镍薄片中。催化剂表面的氢氧化镍有利于促进水的解离,加快氢中间体的形成;均匀分散的钯极易吸附解离的氢中间体,快速地复合成氢气分子。我们发现复合催化剂能协同加快析氢反应过程,极大地降低析氢过电位,提高了析氢活性。此外,复合催化剂原位生长在泡沫镍上,有效地提高了催化电极的稳定性。     

氧空位和磷掺杂协同增强铁钴基材料电解水催化性能

为了研发高效、稳定的电解水催化剂,我们以氧空位和磷掺杂为基础,通过原位浸泡生长和两步热处理的方法,在泡沫铁上合成具有氧空位和磷掺杂的纳米花结构作为析氢反应(HER)和析氧反应(OER)双功能电催化剂。CoFe₂O₄已被报道为一种很有前途的OER和氧还原反应(ORR)电催化剂,然而CoFe₂O₄在HER中表现出电导率差、电催化反应慢的特性。CoFe₂O₄中氧空位(Ov)的形成可以有效调控催化剂表面的电子结构,有助于产生更多的缺陷和空位,从而提高OER的活性。随后,引入磷原子填充在空位中,制备的P-Ov-CoFe₂O₄/IF在碱性电催化测试中展现出优异的HER和OER性能,在10 mA·cm^-2电流密度下HER和OER过电位仅为54和191 mV,Tafel斜率分别为57和54 mV·dec^-1,并具有良好的循环稳定性。     

过渡金属钌、铑配合物在室温离子液体中催化硅氢加成反应的研究

研究了在室温离子液体以及室温离子液体/有机溶剂复合介质体系中, Rh(PPh₃)₃Cl, Ru(PPh₃)₃Cl₂等催化烯烃与三乙氧基硅烷的硅氢加成反应. 实验结果表明, 在乙二醇二甲醚/离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐(BMImBF₆) (V/V＝1/4)介质中, 于90 ℃下, 己烯与三乙氧基硅烷反应的转化率为100%, β加成物的选择性可达89.0%. 而用Rh(PPh₃)₃Cl作为反应的催化剂, 在纯离子液体BMImPF₆中, 就可以高效催化烯烃与三乙氧基氢硅烷的加成反应. 过渡金属Rh(PPh₃)₃Cl, Ru(PPh₃)₃Cl₂催化剂/离子液体BMImPF₆催化体系, 不仅解决了产物与催化剂分离困难这一难题, 同时, 离子液体BMImPF₆的存在提高了过渡金属Rh(PPh₃)₃Cl, Ru(PPh₃)₃Cl₂催化硅氢加成反应的活性, 特别是β加成物的选择性. 反应结束后, 催化剂/离子液体与产物易于分离, 并且可以重复使用.     

高熵合金金属烯用于酸性条件下全水分解（英文）

质子交换膜水电解槽(PEMWE)因其在低温下的高效率和高功率密度,成为新一代电解槽的发展方向.在水的电解过程中,设计高效稳定的析氢反应(HER)和析氧反应(OER)催化剂是进一步提高电解槽应用的前提.根据HER和OER “火山型”分布曲线,贵金属(Ir,Ru等)依然是主要的基准电催化剂.对于酸性条件下全水分解,Ir基和Ru基双功能催化剂仍然是最常见的选择.然而,与Ir基催化剂相比,Ru基催化剂在酸性条件下的高溶解速率易导致催化剂快速失活,大大降低了其实际应用价值.目前,酸性条件下全水分解的Ir基催化剂也取得了一些成果,如合金(如PdCu/Ir,Au@AuIr₂,IrTe纳米棒和IrNi合金纳米花)、钙钛矿(如AIrO₃)、硒化物(如Li-IrSe₂)和团簇(如Ir纳米团簇,IrNi纳米团簇)等.然而,Ir基材料在高电流密度下仍然面临质量活性低和稳定性有限的挑战(100 mA cm^-2时的过电位超过420 mV,酸性整体水分解在高电流密度下的长期稳定性差).上述问题使得电催化剂无法满足PEMWE的应用...     

沉淀及老化温度对浆态床合成甲醇CuO/ZnO/Al2O3催化剂活性及稳定性的影响

利用浆态床反应器,考察了沉淀及老化温度对CuO/ZnO/Al₂O₃催化剂催化合成甲醇的活性及稳定性的影响,并用XRD、BET、FT-IR以及XPS等技术对前驱体及催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,前驱体物相主要以孔雀石(Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂)和类孔雀石((Cu,Zn)₂(CO₃)(OH)₂)为主,其中,70 ℃沉淀和80 ℃老化条件下制备的前驱体具有适当的结晶度,焙烧后的催化剂中CuO分布均匀,Cu元素的电子结合能位移最大,CuO与ZnO之间作用较强,催化剂的性能最佳,时空收率和失活率分别达到了153.3 g/(kg_cat·h)和1.44%/d。     

Ruthenium nanoclusters anchored on cobalt phosphide hollow microspheres by green phosphating process for full water splitting in acidic electrolyte

Transition metal phosphide(TMP) based electrocatalysts possessing special crystal and electronic structures attract broad attention in the field of electrocatalysis.Immense effort is made to optimize TMP catalysts aiming to satisfy the electrochemical catalysis performance.In this work,an environmentally friendly in situ green phosphating strategy and spatial limiting effect of the RuCo precursor is employed to fabricate the ruthenium nanoclusters anchored on cobalt phosphide hollow microspheres(Ru NCs/Co₂P HMs).The obtained Ru NCs/Co₂P HMs electrocatalysts exhibit high hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) activity at wide pH ranges,which require an overpotential of 77 mV to achieve the current density of 10 mA/cm² in 0.5 mol/L H₂SO₄ and 118 mV in 1.0 mol/L KOH.Besides,the multifunctional Ru NCs/Co₂P HMs exhibit good oxygen evolution reaction(OER) activity with an overpotential of 197 mV to reach the current density of 10 mA/cm² in 0.5 mol/L H₂SO₄,which is below that of the commercial RuO₂ electrocatalyst(248 mV).A two-electrode electrolyzer is assembled as well,in acid electrolyte,it achieves a current density of 10 mA/cm² at a voltage of 1.53 V,which is superior to that of the benchmark of precious metal-based electrolyzer(1.58 V).     

Solid-state static Cu and P CP/MAS NMR, and liquid-state EXAFS studies on copper(I) O,O′-dialkyldithiophosphate cluster compounds: Formation of the copper(I) O,O′-di-iso-amyldithiophosphate cluster compound on the surface of synthetic chalcocite

Polycrystalline octa-nuclear copper(I) O,O′-di-i-propyl- and O,O′-di-i-amyldithiophosphate cluster compounds, {Cu₈[S₂P(OR)₂]₆(μ₈-S)} where R = ⁱPr and ⁱAm, were synthesized and characterized by ³¹P CP/MAS NMR at 8.46 T and static ⁶⁵Cu NMR at multiple magnetic field strengths (7.05, 9.4 and 14.1 T). The symmetries of the electronic environments around the P sites were estimated from the ³¹P chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) parameters, δ_aniso and η. Analyses of the ⁶⁵Cu chemical shift and quadrupolar splitting parameters for these compounds are presented with the data being compared to those for the analogous octa-nuclear cluster compounds with R = ⁿBu and ⁱBu. The ⁶⁵Cu transverse relaxation for the copper sites in {Cu₈[S₂P(OⁱPr)₂]₆(μ₈-S)} and {Cu₈[S₂P(OⁱAm)₂]₆(μ₈-S)} was found to be very different, with a relaxation time, T₂, of 590 μs (Gaussian) and 90 μs (exponential), respectively. The structures of {Cu₄[S₂P(OⁱPr)₂]₄} and {Cu₈[S₂P(OⁱPr)₂]₆(μ₈-S)} cluster compounds in the liquid- and the solid-state were studied by Cu K-edge EXAFS. The disulfide, [S₂P(OⁱAm)₂]₂, was obtained and characterized by ³¹P{¹H} NMR. The interactions of the disulfide and of the potassium O,O′-di-i-amyldithiophosphate salt with the surfaces of synthetic chalcocite (Cu₂S) were probed using solid-state ³¹P NMR spectroscopy and only the presence of copper(I) dithiophosphate species with the {Cu₈[S₂P(OⁱAm)₂]₆(μ₈-S)} structure was observed.     

非贵金属三元复合Ni(PO3)2-Ni2P/CdS NPs异质结的构建及可见光高效催化产氢性能

结合异质结构建与共催化剂改性, 以花球状Ni(OH)₂为前驱体, 经热磷酸化后得到Ni(PO₃)₂-Ni₂P二元助催化剂, 借助超声化学合成法, 与CdS NPs复合, 形成非贵金属CdS基三元光催化材料Ni(PO₃)₂-Ni₂P/CdS NPs. 以Na₂S-Na₂SO₃为牺牲剂, 在可见光(λ＞420 nm)照射下, 在不借助任何贵金属的情况下, 负载量为8%(质量分数)的Ni(PO₃)₂-Ni₂P/CdS NPs复合材料的光催化产氢速率达到4237 μmol·g^?1·h^?1, 为CdS NPs(217 μmol·g^?1·h^?1)的19倍. 在产氢循环实验中, 反应进行到第6次循环(18 h)后, 复合材料的产氢速率约为初始的89%, 具有较好的稳定性. 与CdS NPs相比, Ni(PO₃)₂-Ni₂P/CdS NPs的吸收边明显红移, 禁带宽度降至1.86 eV, 并降低了H⁺还原的过电位, 显示出增强的光吸收性能和适宜的带隙结构. 通过Ni(PO₃)₂-Ni₂P与CdS NPs之间的协同效应, 有效促进了光生载流子的分离, 提高了产氢活性和稳定性.     

氨浓度对氨蒸发法制备Pd-Cu/凹凸棒土催化剂常温CO氧化性能的影响

以凹凸棒土(APT)作载体,采用氨蒸发法制备了Pd-Cu/APT催化剂,以CO氧化为探针反应,在连续流动微反应装置上,考察了初始氨浓度对催化剂CO常温催化氧化性能的影响。通过N₂-physisorption、XRD、FT-IR、TEM和H₂-TPR等手段对催化剂的结构和性质进行了表征。结果表明,在较低或过高氨浓度条件下,制备的Pd-Cu/APT中Cu物种均主要以CuO为主,仅有少量Cu₂(OH)₃Cl;适宜的氨浓度有利于稳定Cu₂(OH)₃Cl物相的形成,其薄片状的形貌特征、良好的分散状态以及与Pd物种间较强的相互作用,显著提高了CO催化氧化性能。在空速6 000 h^-1、CO体积分数1.5%、水蒸气体积分数3.3%的反应条件下,Pd-Cu/APT催化剂表现出优异的CO室温催化氧化活性和稳定性。     

One-step synthesis of Fe-Ni hydroxide nanosheets derived from bimetallic foam for efficient electrocatalytic oxygen evolution and overall water splitting

For the first time, the Fe-Ni LDH nanosheets were prepared through simple one-step hydrothermal treatment of Fe-Ni bimetallic foam both as the substrate and Fe/Ni sources. The ratio of Ni/Fe elements played the important role in realizing the optimal catalytic activities for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). An alkaline water electrolyzer was constructed with the Fe-Ni hydroxide nanosheets/Fe-Ni alloy foam-60% Fe as anode and Ni(OH)₂/Fe-Ni alloy foam-25% Fe as cathode, which displays superior electrolytic performance (affording 10 mA/cm² at 1.62 V) and lasting durability.     

Ru-Doping Enhanced Electrocatalysis of Metal–Organic Framework Nanosheets toward Overall Water Splitting

An Ru-doping strategy is reported to substantially improve both hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalytic activity of Ni/Fe-based metal–organic framework (MOF) for overall water splitting. As-synthesized Ru-doped Ni/Fe MIL-53 MOF nanosheets grown on nickel foam (MIL-53(Ru-NiFe)@NF) afford HER and OER current density of 50 mA cm⁻² at an overpotential of 62 and 210 mV, respectively, in alkaline solution with a nominal Ru loading of ≈110 μg cm⁻². When using as both anodic and cathodic (pre-)catalyst, MIL-53(Ru-NiFe)@NF enables overall water splitting at a current density of 50 mA cm⁻² for a cell voltage of 1.6 V without iR compensation, which is much superior to state-of-the-art RuO₂-Pt/C-based electrolyzer. It is discovered that the Ru-doping considerably modulates the growth of MOF to form thin nanosheets, and enhances the intrinsic HER electrocatalytic activity by accelerating the sluggish Volmer step and improving the intermediate oxygen adsorption for increased OER catalytic activity.     

Synthesis of spherical nanoparticles of Cu2L2O5 (L=Ho, Er) from W/O microemulsions

Nanoparticles of Cu₂L₂O₅ (L=Ho, Er) (15–25 nm in size) were synthesised by the intermediate use of W/O microemulsions. In this process the aqueous cores of water/cetyltrimethylammonium bromide/n-octane/1-butanol microemulsions were used as microreactors for the precipitation of Cu₂Ho₂(CO₃)₄(OH)₂ (25–30 nm) and Cu₂Er₂(CO₃)₄(OH)₂ (10–40 nm) as precursors. These mixed salts were separated and further decomposed to the corresponding mixed oxides at 900°C for 16 h. All solids were characterised by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, IR, XRPD, ICP-OES, TGA, XPS measurements and elemental analyses.     

基于磺酰基杯[4]芳烃的Co16笼簇的合成、结构及电化学性质

以氯化钴、 对叔丁基磺酰杯[4]芳烃(H₄TC4A-SO₂)和非对称性3-(1H-四唑-5-基)苯甲酸(H₂L)为原料, 通过溶剂热法合成了一个具有四面体配位笼结构的16核化合物[Co₁₆(TC4A-SO₂)₄(OH)₄(L)₈]·[(C₈H₂₀N)(C₄H₁₂N)₂(C₂H₈N)]·solvent(Co₁₆-TC4A-SO₂). 采用X射线单晶衍射、 X射线粉末衍射、 热重分析、 红外光谱方法对配合物进行了表征. 将Co₁₆-TC4A-SO₂笼簇直接负载到碳纸上(Co₁₆-TC4A-SO₂/CP)用作工作电极, 其对析氧反应(OER)展现出较好的催化性能. 在1 mol/L KOH中, Co₁₆-TC4A-SO₂/CP在343.8 mV的过电位下达到10.0 mA/cm ²电流密度, Tafel斜率为79.31 mV/dec, 并且在20.0 mA/cm ²电流密度下表现出长达48 h的催化稳定性.     

MOF衍生的分层多孔三维N-CoPx/Ni2P大电流密度下加速析氢

氢气(H2)具有能量密度高、环境友好等优点,是一种很有前景的清洁能源载体.目前,电催化水裂解大规模制氢被认为是一种理想可行的方法.析氢反应(HER)涉及多个步骤,首先形成吸附的氢(Volmer步骤),然后是脱附步骤(Heyrovsky步骤)或两个相邻的吸附氢形成H2(Tafel步骤).与酸性介质相比,碱性介质中的HER...