Failure of spot welds under in-plane static loading

Under in-plane loading conditions, two independent modes contribute to the failure of a spot weld: the in-plane shear mode and the in-plane rotational mode. In this work, the failures of both modes under large static load are examined individually. To study the combined failure of these two modes, two special test coupons are designed. The first coupon contains one spot weld. The second coupon contains five spot welds. Tests conducted in this work show that a very simple force-based failure criterion can be used to predict the failure of a spot weld under large in-plane combined static loads. Current multiaxial failure theory cannot explain this combined failure. This force-based spot weld failure criterion fits current automotive industry needs for body shell finite element application very well.     

Materially and geometrically non-linear woven composite micro-mechanical model with failure for finite element simulations

A computational micro-mechanical material model of woven fabric composite material is developed to simulate failure. The material model is based on repeated unit cell approach. The fiber reorientation is accounted for in the effective stiffness calculation. Material non-linearity due to the shear stresses in the impregnated yarns and the matrix material is included in the model. Micro-mechanical failure criteria determine the stiffness degradation for the constituent materials. The developed material model with failure is programmed as user-defined sub-routine in the LS-DYNA finite element code with explicit time integration. The code is used to simulate the failure behavior of woven composite structures. The results of finite element simulations are compared with available test results. The model shows good agreement with the experimental results and good computational efficiency required for finite element simulations of woven composite structures.     

爆炸荷载作用下钢筋混凝土梁的动力响应及破坏形态分析

对基于Timoshenko梁理论建立的非线性动力有限元法作了改进。根据压区理论得到混凝土的平均剪应力和平均剪应变关系,建立了能反映箍筋的抗剪作用的材料模型;此外,对结构在爆炸荷载作用下可能出现的各种响应现象进行了描述,以准确地预测梁破坏时不同位置截面上钢筋和混凝土的受力、变形及破坏情况。应用改进的材料模型,对爆炸荷载作用下的五个钢筋混凝土试验梁的动力响应和破坏形态进行了数值模拟,结果表明,该数值方法能较好地模拟钢筋混凝土梁的弯曲、弯剪和剪切等破坏形态。     

波流场中的桩柱结构地震反应研究

采用理论分析及有限元模拟的方法, 对波流场中桩柱结构的地震动力反应进行了研究. 除考虑波流场作用在桩柱上的波流力和动水压力外, 根据模型试验结果认为还需考虑作用在 桩柱上的涡振横向力. 通过地震作用下波流场中四桩平台的有限元模拟计算, 发现 水中地 震放大了桩柱结构的动力反应; 波流力和涡振横向力共同作用导致桩的相对位移、剪力及弯 矩值大幅提高, 但是对桩身加速度影响较小; 桩底部位易于发生地震破坏.     

抗战斗部侵彻爆炸作用的混凝土遮弹层设计

准确评估战斗部侵彻爆炸作用下混凝土遮弹层的损伤破坏可为防护工程设计提供重要参考。首先基于Karagozian&Case(K&C)模型框架建立了新型混凝土动态损伤本构模型,其中强度面综合考虑了静水压力、Lode角、应变率和损伤;独立描述了拉伸和压缩损伤,并考虑了拉压之间的连续过渡以及剪切变形和体积压缩对损伤的贡献。随后,开展了半无限厚混凝土靶体的105 mm口径弹体侵彻爆炸联合作用试验。进一步通过对上述试验和已有有限厚混凝土靶板的预制孔埋置装药爆炸试验进行数值仿真分析,验证了所建立的本构模型、参数取值和有限元分析方法在描述混凝土动态阻力、损伤演化和开裂行为方面的准确性。最后,确定了SDB、WDB-43/B和BLU-109/B三种典型战斗部以声速侵彻爆炸普通混凝土的临界贯穿和临界震塌厚度。结果表明：SDB、WDB-43/B和BLU-109/B战斗部侵彻爆炸作用下混凝土的临界贯穿厚度分别为1.4、3.4和3.8 m,临界震塌厚度分别为3.6、6.3和8.3 m;由于携带炸药量的差异,不同战斗部侵彻爆炸下的临界贯穿和临界震塌厚度与侵彻深度的比值非定值,相应的比值范围分别为1.4...     

渐开线直齿圆柱齿轮接触疲劳失效成因再分析

联合采用表面失效分析和有限元应力分析的方法,研究了渐开线直齿圆柱齿轮接触疲劳失效的成因.结果表明:由啮入线至第一次双对轮齿啮合结束部分齿面上密集的表面点蚀与该段啮合齿面相对滑移大,所消耗的摩擦功最大,摩擦应力大于第二次双齿啮合部分,而且最大剪应力更靠近齿面等因素有关.靠近节线的齿根齿面上的片状大块剥落属次表面点蚀,是由于该部位的次表面剪应力最大,位置最深,并且承受了前一对轮齿脱离啮合带来的冲击作用.紧邻啮入线附近齿面的较浅的剥落点蚀是由于承受啮入冲击,最大剪应力较大且出现位置较浅,齿面相对滑移最大所造成的,并与该处的表面点蚀坑有关.     

节理岩体的爆破松动机理

利用应力波理论对节理岩体的爆破松动机理进行了探讨,同时利用动力有限元数值模拟方法验证了理论分析结果。研究表明,爆破荷载的加载阶段对岩体的挤压蓄能和快速卸载阶段的弹性回复是岩体产生后续松动位移的根本原因;节理岩体的爆破松动在开挖面的法向表现为岩体的剪切错动,在平行于开挖面方向表现为结构面的张开;拉格朗日坐标下的动力有限元数值方法,如ANSYS/LS-DYNA程序,能够较好地用来模拟节理岩体的爆破松动过程。     

利用无网格方法分析斜拉破坏钢筋混凝土梁

从传统的混凝土分离裂缝模型和弥散裂缝模型出发，使用不同的模型模拟不同发展阶段的混凝土裂缝，并利用无网格方法可以灵活布置节点和边界的优点，使分离裂缝模型的使用得到很大的简化。通过在宏观裂缝表面布置基于试验结果的混凝土与混凝土界面单元，正确地模拟了裂缝表面抗剪能力的变化。算例表明，使用本文方法可以准确模拟斜拉破坏混凝土梁的破坏过程，且精度和数值稳定性要高于传统的有限元弥散裂缝方法。     

New universal relations for nonlinear isotropic elastic materials

A nonlinear isotropic elastic block is subjected to a homogeneous deformation consisting of simple shear superposed on triaxial extension. Two new relations are established for this deformation which are valid for all nonlinear elastic isotropic materials, and hence are universal relations. The first is a relation between the stretch ratios in the plane of shear and the amount of shear when the deformation is supported only by shear tractions. The second relation is established for a thin-walled cylinder under combined extension, inflation and torsion. Each material element of the cylinder undergoes the same local homogeneous deformation of shear superposed on triaxial extension. The properties of this deformation are used to establish a relation between pressure, twisting moment, angle of twist and current dimensions when no axial force is applied to the cylinder. It is shown that these relations also apply for a mixture of a nonlinear isotropic solid and a fluid.     

典型密封元件的失效分析与失效过程研究

飞机整体油箱结构的密封性对飞机安全性和续航能力有很大影响,所以密封胶失效分析和失效过程研究就显得相当重要．为了研究密封胶的失效,根据密封胶的受力特点,本文设计了典型元件的密封试验（平板型和T型）,通过试验得到了这两种结构的失效载荷和最大载荷．同时,利用有限元模拟软件ABAQUS对试验进行了模拟计算,使用cohesive模块实现对密封胶层的模拟．通过观察胶层失效过程,得到了胶层失效后的破坏路径,找到了容易发生泄漏的位置,并给出了失效载荷与最大载荷的关系．通过对比试验结果和模拟计算结果,验证了有限元模拟分析的可靠性,并对结果进行了讨论．     

钢管混凝土K型相贯节点试验研究与数值模拟

从钢管混凝土格构式风电塔架原型中取出节点模型,对5个K型焊接相贯节点进行了试验研究和理论分析,研究了不同几何参数条件下节点的破坏过程和特征、荷载-变形关系和承载能力等。建立了有限元模型,分析了各研究参数对节点破坏形态和极限承载力的影响规律,得到了节点失效机制的判别参数与准则。试验结果表明:圆钢管混凝土K型相贯节点在丧失承载力前弦杆的宏观变形特征不明显,腹杆失效是主要破坏形态;与空心圆钢管相贯节点相比,刚度大大增加,相贯线周围应力集中程度也降低。有限元分析结果表明:圆钢管混凝土K型相贯节点的控制破坏形态包括腹杆失效和弦杆冲剪破坏,控制破坏类型的关键指标是腹杆与弦杆的壁厚比τ和夹角θ。为避免钢管混凝土格构式风电塔架出现节点失效,须限制参数τ、θ的取值。本文建议τ≤1,θ≤45°。     

Numerical analysis of the compressive and shear failure behavior of rock containing multi-intermittent joints

The failure behavior of intermittent jointed rocks is dependent on joint configurations. Joint inclination angle and continuity factor determined the joint arrangement in a rectangular numerical sample that was established by using the particle flow code approach. To identify the differences in the failure processes of identical intermittent jointed samples, uniaxial compressive and shear loads were applied on each sample. The crack growth path presented the four typical crack coalescence patterns identified via compressive and shear numerical tests. The crack coalescence pattern was associated with joint slant angle and continuity factor. The observed crack coalescence patterns of every sample with the same inclination angle and continuity factor were partially identical under compressive and shear loading. The differences in the crack patterns of the compressive and shear failure processes were described and compared. Typical compressive and shear failure processes were illustrated. Four compressive and three shear failure modes were identified. The cracking location and number of cracks in each failure mode were different. Additionally, the contact force evolution among particles during shear and compressive loading was different and likely accounted for the differences in cracking patterns. Under compressive or shear loading, the contact force concentration in each sample underwent the following stages: uniform distribution before loading, concentrated distribution, and scattered distribution after failure.     

Modeling adiabatic shear failure from energy considerations

The numerical simulation of dynamic structural failure by localized shear is quite complex in terms of constitutive models and choice of adequate failure criteria, along with a pronounced mesh-sensitivity. As a result, the existing numerical procedures are usually quite sophisticated, so that their application for design purposes is still limited. This study is based on the implementation of a simple energy-based criterion, which was developed on experimental considerations (Rittel et al., 2006), and uses a minimal number of adjustable parameters. According to this criterion, a material point starts to fail when the total strain energy density reaches a critical value. Thereafter, the strength of the element decreases gradually to zero to mimic the actual structural behavior. The criterion was embedded into commercial finite element software and tested by simulating numerically four typical high-rate experiments. The first is the dynamic torsion test of a tubular specimen. The second concerns the failure mode transition in mode II fracture of an edge crack in plain strain. The last two involve dynamic shear localization under high rate compression of a cylindrical and a shear compression specimen. A very good adequation was found both qualitatively and quantitatively. Qualitatively, in terms of failure path selection, and quantitatively, in terms of local strains, temperatures and critical impact velocity. The proposed approach is enticing from an engineering perspective aimed at predicting the onset and propagation of dynamic shear localization in actual structures.     

Influence of the loading path on the strength of fiber-reinforced composites subjected to transverse compression and shear

The influence of the loading path on the failure locus of a composite lamina subjected to transverse compression and out-of-plane shear is analyzed through computational micromechanics. This is carried out using the finite element simulation of a representative volume element of the microstructure, which takes into account explicitly fiber and matrix spatial distribution within the lamina. In addition, the actual failure mechanisms (plastic deformation of the matrix and interface decohesion) are included in the simulations through the corresponding constitutive models. Two different interface strength values were chosen to explore the limiting cases of composites with strong or weak interfaces. It was found that failure locus was independent of the loading path for the three cases analyzed (pseudo-radial, compression followed by shear and shear followed by compression) in the composites with strong and weak interfaces. This result was attributed to the fact that the dominant failure mechanism in each material was the same in transverse compression and in shear. Failure is also controlled by the same mechanisms under a combination of both stresses and the failure locus depended mainly on the magnitude of the stresses that trigger fracture rather than in the loading path to reach the critical condition.     

An investigation of the step-wise propagation of a mode-II fracture in a poroelastic medium

In this paper we use an eXtended Finite Element Method based model for the simulation of shear fracture in fully saturated porous materials. The fracture is incorporated as a strong discontinuity in the displacement field by exploiting the partition of unity property of finite element shape functions. The pressure is assumed to be continuous across the fracture. However, the pressure gradient, i.e. the fluid flow, can be discontinuous. The failure process is described by the cohesive zone approach and a Tresca fracture condition without dilatancy. We investigate the propagation of a shear fracture under compression asking the question whether or not a Tresca criterion can result in stepwise propagation in a poroelastic medium. In order to evaluate possible numerical artefacts, we also look at the influence of the element size and the magnitude of a time increment. The performance of the X-FEM model and the influence of the pore pressure on the fracture propagation are addressed. Our simulations do not show evidence for step wise progression in mode II failure.     

First-ply failure of laminated composite plates

Composite laminates offer superior load carrying capacity. Reliable application of structures requires a knowledge of their stress/strain and failure behavior. past treatments involved assumptions in both the stress and failure analyses; they become increasingly more difficult when the failure of the microstructure constituents is to be included in the continuum analysis of the laminates. Recognizing the conventional failure criteria used for composite material analyses, this work adopts the first-ply failure criterion by application of a polynomial function and the finite element procedure.The laminates are modeled by the Reissner-Mindlin plate theory that accounts for moderate rotation. This is because shear effects are more pronounced in composite laminates whose transverse shear modulus is low relative to the Young's modulus. Failure loads are obtained for different laminate thicknesses, stacking sequences and aspect ratios and different failure criteria. The results show that predictions made from the maximum stress criterion are nearly the same as the others, except for those obtained by the Hill criterion.     

基于应力三轴度和罗德参数的6061和7075铝合金材料断裂失效分析

分别对6061铝合金和7075铝合金材料的缺口圆棒试件和凹槽平板试件进行准静态拉伸试验,并采用ABAQUS软件对拉伸过程进行数值模拟。模拟结果与试验测试结果吻合很好,验证了有限元模型的合理性和可靠性。通过有限元模拟,分别给出了不同试件的应力三轴度和罗德参数随等效塑性应变的变化曲线以及两种材料的失效轨迹,并对它们进行了分析讨论。结果表明:形状相同、材料性质不同的试件,应力三轴度的演化规律不同;材料的失效应变受应力三轴度和罗德参数的影响,并且不同性质的材料对罗德参数的敏感性不同。     

岩石结构面直剪力学特征的颗粒流宏细观分析

目前,由于颗粒尺寸和位置随机分布而产生的粗糙度,导致在模拟过程中出现应力集中现象,从而无法利用PFC2D准确模拟岩石结构面的剪切力学行为。为了避免以上弊端,采用结构面两侧颗粒组接触判别法分别对倾角为20°和30°的三角形单锯齿结构面进行不同法向应力下的直剪模拟。模拟结果与物理试验结果基本吻合,表明此模拟方法可以真实模拟岩石结构面剪切力学行为。为了进一步验证此模拟方法在天然结构面模拟试验中的可行性,利用PFC2D对Barton标准十条节理轮廓线模型进行不同法向应力下的直剪试验,模拟结果与理论值吻合,表明模拟方法具有可行性,为剪切破坏过程和机理分析提供可靠的理论依据,为研究粗糙结构面强度特征提供了一种思路。     

应用三维有限元法探讨RC梁柱节点的破坏机理

为了探究节点加强后RC梁柱节点的抗剪承载力、延性提高以及节点破坏模式由剪切破坏转变为梁弯曲破坏的实质,本文在RC节点的三维有限元分析的基础上探讨RC梁柱节点加强后的破坏机理。通过详细考察加固前后节点内部不同位置混凝土的应力-应变发展规律,探讨加强前后节点混凝土的宏观损伤发展过程;同时,通过考察核心混凝土的应力-应变关系及发展过程定量探讨加强钢板、梁柱主筋及箍筋对核心混凝土的约束作用。基于上述混凝土损伤过程的宏观分析,可以得出由于梁主筋的粘结加强、加强钢板以及箍筋对混凝土约束作用,使节点核心混凝土的实际强度增大、损伤延迟,RC节点由加强前的节点剪切破坏模式转变成梁端的弯曲破坏模式,从而提高RC梁柱节点的抗剪承载力和延性。     

输电塔线体系断线动力响应及杆塔破坏模拟研究

利用ABAQUS软件建立500kV典型输电线路段塔线耦合体系的精细有限元模型,数值模拟覆冰塔线耦合体系断线后的动态响应和杆塔破坏过程。对杆塔引入等效塑性应变破坏准则,当单元的最大等效塑性应变达到许用值时,删除单元以模拟杆塔的破坏。数值模拟结果与按我国电力设计规程以及IEC设计规程的计算结果比较表明:地线断线时用塔线模型和规程计算得到的杆塔应力的差别较导线断线时大,地线和导线断线时杆塔的最大应力均大于两种规程的计算值;杆塔上与地线连接的角担是断线时的薄弱区域。现行电力设计规程中采用静力分析方法对断线产生的冲击动力作用的估计不足。