彩超和造影对输卵管积水的诊断价值

目的比较彩超与子宫输卵管造影(hysterosalpingography,HSG)对输卵管积水的诊断率,为宫腹腔镜联合术前输卵管积水的处理提供准确的评估依据。方法选取2011年10月—2015年1月因不孕症在暨南大学医学院附属宝安妇幼保健院生殖健康科就诊,均行彩超和输卵管造影诊断为输卵管积水,且经宫腹腔镜联合手术后证实为输卵管积水的患者共58例,对其彩超结果及输卵管造影结果进行回顾性分析。结果宫腹腔镜术中发现积水输卵管共82条,轻度积水38条,中度积水44条,重度积水7条,彩超结果:轻度积水19条,中度积水24条,重度积水5条;HSG结果:轻度积水26条,中度积水28条,重度积水5条。结论 HSG诊断输卵管积水的准确率明显高于彩超,特别对输卵管轻度积水诊断阳性率更高,两者比较有统计学意义,对中度、重度输卵管积水,特别是重度输卵管积水,两者诊断阳性率差别不大,差异无统计学意义。     

简讯

弱视患儿的发锌含量研究广西医学院眼科对110名弱视患儿进行了微量元素发锌含量测定。疾病组分轻、中、重度弱视三组,其中轻度弱视38人、中度弱视41人、重度弱视31人。对照组为身体健康、视力正常的幼儿园3～6岁儿童31人。结果表明:(1)轻度弱视组头发锌含量均值117.20mg/g,中度弱视组为112.44mg/g,重度弱视为100.96mg/g,而正常对照组头发锌含量为148.88mg/g(P<0.01)。弱视越严重,其发锌含量降低越明显,即呈负相关。(2)在重度弱视患者中,单眼重度弱视组与双眼重度弱视组之间发锌含量分别为116.70mg/g、89.59mg/g,双眼重度弱视组的发锌含量明…     

CT检查及图像后处理对腰椎间盘突出症的诊断价值和射频消融治疗的定位意义

本文探讨CT在腰椎间盘突出症中的诊断价值和射频消融治疗的定位意义.选取腰椎间盘突出症患者103例,给予CT检查和CT引导下射频消融治疗.结果 显示,CT检查诊断腰椎间盘突出症准确率为90.29％;重度患者突出物呈山丘状、神经根受压或粘连比例明显高于轻中度患者(P＜0.05),重度患者椎管矢状径和硬膜囊前后径小于轻中度患...     

肝硬化腹水病人电解质紊乱的临床意义

目的:探讨肝硬化腹水病人电解质紊乱与腹水程度的关系。方法:将136例肝硬化患者根据腹水程度(轻度、中度、重度)进行分组,用AFT-400D全自动电解质测定仪对各组K+、Na+、Cl-、Ca2+进行检测,并进行对比分析。结果:肝硬化腹水患者与正常体检者之间血电解质变化比较,差异有非常显著性(P<0 01)。结论:随着肝硬化腹水患者病情加重,K+、Na+、Cl-、Ca2+也会相应发生改变,腹水严重者电解质紊乱更加显著。     

比拉都地区水系沉积物As元素地球化学特征与环境评价

As元素及其化合物进入人体血液循环后直接作用于毛细血管壁,使其通透性增强,麻痹毛细血管,造成组织营养障碍,产生急性和慢性中毒。通过测定比拉都地区水系沉积物中As元素含量,运用地质累积指数法和平面等值线法,在该区域圈出三个污染区,并对三个污染区的污染程度进行等级划分。Ⅰ号污染区总共四个污染级别,从轻度污染-偏重度污染;Ⅱ号污染区总共四个污染级别,从轻度污染-偏重度污染;Ⅲ污染区总共三个污染级别,从轻度污染-中度污染。三个污染区的污染源都在最高污染级别所圈定的区域内。     

MRI参数对腰椎间盘突出症患者椎间盘退变程度的评估价值及与JOA、VAS评分相关性

选择腰椎间盘突出症(LDH)患者60例,分为轻度退变组、中度退变组、重度退变组.患者均行MRI检查,比较3组的MRI参数,包括髓核(NP)区、纤维环(AF)区T2值.检测比较发现,3组LDH患者NP区、AF区T2值间存在明显差异,且与腰椎功能评分(JOA)呈正相关,与腰部疼痛评分(VAS)呈负相关(P＜0.05).NP...     

药物流产后宫内残留物的腹部超声检测及其对清宫术时机的指导作用

本文对药物流产后宫内残留物的腹部超声检测及其对清宫术时机的指导作用进行了探讨。研究对象为2017年4月~2018年10月我院妇科收治的164例药物流产后宫内组织残留患者,所有患者均行经腹彩色多普勒超声检查,观察宫腔内异常回声团和宫内血流信号及频谱,并记录患者治疗情况和病理结果。依据患者保守治疗成功或转归清宫术分为成功组和转归组,采用多因素Logistic回归方程分析对保守治疗失败转归清宫术有影响的因素。结果显示,164例患者中,79例(48.17%)患者超声检查显示存在滋养血流,其中47例(59.49%)患者采取了清宫术治疗,其余32例(40.51%)患者保守治疗失败转归清宫术治疗;85例(51.83%)患者超声检查显示无滋养血流,其中73例(85.88%)采取保守治疗成功,其余12例(14.12%)患者保守治疗失败转归清宫术;成功组(n=73)和转归组(n=44)患者在就诊时阴道出血时间、阴道出血持续时间、流产次数、宫内残留物大小、滋养血流信号检出率等方面的比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归方程分析结果显示,就诊时阴道出血时间、残留物大小、流产次数、超声检查存在滋养血流均为保守治疗转归清宫术的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。本文结果证实,腹部超声检测显示宫腔内异常回声团块存在滋养血流信号,可作为药物流产不全患者行清宫术治疗的手术指征,有利于改善患者预后。     

螺旋CT与脑电图在病毒性脑炎的诊断及转归评价应用中的对比分析

目的总结探讨了螺旋CT和脑电图在病毒性脑炎诊断和转归评价中的应用效果。方法选择2010年6月—2013年12月期间肇庆市第三人民医院收治的60例病毒性脑炎患者为研究对象,60例均接受脑电图检查,55例接受螺旋CT检查。结果 60例EEG资料显示5例正常、55例异常;55例接受螺旋CT检查,其中26例异常,异常率47.27%;随着治疗时间进展,EEG、螺旋CT检查异常率在逐渐下降,轻度异常者转归评价高于中、重度异常者。结论 EEG可作为脑功能改变和病理改变的敏感指标,能作为脑病变转归评价的有效依据。     

MRI在AD患者诊断及病情程度评估中的应用

本研究探讨磁共振成像(MRI)检查脑叶体积变化、脑白质疏松程度在诊断阿尔茨海默病(AD)患者及病情评估中的应用价值。选取确诊的90例AD患者为AD组、另外选取同期接受健康体检的90例志愿者作为对照组,两组研究对象均接受MRI检查,对比各项指标及脑白质疏松(LA)严重度分级差异,分析各项指标在诊断AD患者中的价值;并根据临床痴呆评定量表(CDR)将患者分为轻中度、重度,进行分层对比。AD组患者顶叶、枕叶及颞叶体积比例小于对照组(P<0.05);AD组患者的海马高度测定值小于对照组(P<0.05);AD组与对照组的LA分级情况比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);重度AD患者的顶叶体积比例、枕叶体积比例、颞叶体积比例、海马高度值小于轻中度AD患者(P<0.05);重度AD组患者LA分级以2级、3级为主,轻中度AD患者主要为0级、1级患者为主,重度AD组与轻中度AD患者的LA分级比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。AD患者的脑叶体积、海马高度均发生变化,脑白质疏松变化较为明显,临床上采用MRI进行检查评估具有一定的价值。     

广东省60岁以上反流性食管炎的临床诊治及内镜分析

目的探讨广东省60岁以上反流性食管炎的临床诊治及内镜分析。方法随机抽取本院2010年8月—2014年8月收治的反流性食管炎患者104例,将患者按照年龄,以60岁为界限,大于或等于60岁为老年组,小于60岁为青壮年组,对比分析两组患者的临床表现、内镜检查结果等临床特征。结果老年组在胸痛、上腹不适、慢性咳嗽、支气管炎这些非典型的症状方面明显多于青壮年组(P0.01),在反酸、烧心这类反流性食管炎的典型症状表现方面显著低于青壮年组(P0.05);老年组在中度病变上的发生率明显多于青壮年组(P0.05),而在轻度病变上的发生率明显少于青壮年组(P0.05),两组的重度病变率无显著差异(P0.05)。结论老年反流性食管炎患者一般病情程度较重,且多表现为非典型的症状,在临床实际诊疗中应当注意这种特点,避免漏诊和延误治疗。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.