分光光度法同时测定多元素的研究(Ⅱ)——以CPA-矩阵法计算混合体系中微量锆和铪

本文将m-NPF+CTMAB体系用于锆、铪混合物中微量锆、铪的同时测定。确定了同时测定锆,铪的最佳实验条件。通过使用CPA-矩阵法计算解决了混合体系中锆、铪分量的测定;对光度分析中应用CPA-矩阵法的关键——选择适宜的测定波长问题作了进一步讨论,提出了“相关波长”和“相关组份”的概念。     

新试剂3,5-二溴-4-氨基苯基荧光酮的合成及其应用研究

本文提供了新显色剂3,5-二溴-4-氨基苯基荧光酮的合成方法,较详细的研究了在表面活性剂增溶下,在盐酸介质中,试剂与锆(Ⅳ)的分光光度性质及反应条件,建立了分光光度法测定锆(Ⅳ)的高灵敏高选择性的新方法,并成功地用于铝锆合金中微量锆的测定。     

微波消解–电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定铀合金中铌、钼、锆

建立微波消解–电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定铀合金中铌、钼、锆。铀铌钼锆合金样品经8 mL HNO_3 (1+1)和2 mL HF微波消解并稀释处理后,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定合金样品中铌、钼、锆含量,研究了铀浓度在0～30 μg/L时对铌、钼、锆元素直接测定的影响。铌、钼、锆的质量浓度在各自的范围内与其质谱响应值线性关系良好,相关系数大于0.999。铌、钼、锆的加标回收率为96.10%～105.00%,测定结果的标准偏差为0.74%～2.71%(n=6)。该方法流程简单,无需分离基体元素,可实现铀合金中铌、钼、锆元素的快速测定。     

锆钼蓝杂多酸的极谱行为及其应用

研究了锆钼蓝杂多酸在碱性溶液中的极谱行为 ,提出了测定微量锆的极谱法新体系。在0.04mol/L盐酸及抗坏血酸溶液中 ,锆 (Ⅳ)与钼酸铵反应形成锆钼蓝杂多酸 ,在pH8.5～10.5的NH3-NH4Cl缓冲溶液中 ,于-1.18V产生灵敏的极谱波,导数波高与锆(Ⅳ)的质量浓度在0.005～0.3mg/L范围内呈线性关系。研究了极谱波性质 ,证明其为吸附波 ,方法已用于岩石样品中微量锆的测定。     

新显色剂二溴羧基偶氮胂光度法测定锆的研究

介绍了用二溴羧基偶氮胂测定微量锆的方法.在 1.56mol·L~(-1)HCl介质中,试剂与锆形成1:3的蓝色配合物.在640nm波长处,摩尔吸光系数为2.8×10~4,锆量在0～18μg/25ml范围内符合比耳定律,多数离子和三倍量的铪不影响测定.所拟方法简便快速,选择性强,应用于铜合金中锆的直接测定,取得了令人满意的结果.     

EDTA滴定法连续测定锆-铁-钇含量

探讨了准确测定废旧锆钇陶瓷回收时产生的酸性溶液中锆、铁、钇的含量时,乙酰丙酮、三乙醇胺和柠檬酸等铁离子掩蔽剂,以及偶氮砷Ⅲ、甲基百里酚蓝和二甲酚橙等指示剂对测定结果的影响,确定仅以二甲酚橙为指示剂,盐酸羟胺为还原剂,用EDTA滴定法连续测定了溶液中的锆、铁、钇含量,测定结果的RSD<2%。     

铜锆中间合金中铜、锆含量的联合测定

研究了铜锆中间合金中铜、锆的测定方法。试样经高氯酸、硝酸分解后,采用电解法测定铜:分离铜后的电解液,经盐酸处理后以二甲酚橙为指示剂,用EDTA标准溶液滴定测定锆。该方法简便,具有良好的精密度和准确度,相对标准偏差分别为铜0.19％。锆0.15％。     

萃取分离-高效液相色谱法同时测钢铁及合金中的锆和铪

锆和铪在钢中主要用来制作特殊用途的合金钢，它们可以改善钢的性能，提高钢的强度、导热性和导电性。而如何测定锆和铪的含量一直是研究的重要课题。锆和铪的化学性质极为相似，测定时相互严重干扰，同时由于钢铁及合金中的复杂的基体干扰，同时测定非常困难。本实验建立了一种离子对反相色谱法同时测定钢铁及合金中锆和铪的方法，采用钽试剂-苯萃取、硫酸反萃取排除共存离子W、Nb的干扰，用于钢铁及合金中锆和铪的同时测定，结果令人满意。     

新试剂3,5—二溴—4—氨基苯基荧光酮的合成及其应用研究

本文提供了新显色剂３，５－二溴－４－氨基基荧光酮的合成方法，较详细的研究了在表面活性剂增溶下，在盐酸介质中，试剂与锆（Ⅳ）的分光光度性质及反应条件，建立了分光光度法测定锆（Ⅳ）的高灵敏高选择性的新方法，并成功地用于铝锆合金中微量锆的测定。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定锆钛矿中的铪

锆钛矿组成成分复杂,存在耐高温的锆、钛化合物,不易分解,且铪以类质同象进入锆矿物,导致锆钛矿中的铪含量不均,因此完全分解锆钛矿并准确测定其中含量不同的铪成为一个难题。本文建立了碳酸钠-硼砂高温熔融,以178Hf为分析同位素及50 ng/mL185Re为内标,使用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）测定锆钛矿中铪的新方法,可准确锆钛矿中含量不均的铪。实验研究了锆钛矿成分及其熔融方法,结果表明碳酸钠-硼砂高温熔融效果最好,可完全溶解耐高温难分解的锆钛矿,当碳酸钠-硼砂质量配比为2:1时熔融效果最佳。电感耦合等离子体质谱法具有检出限低、灵敏度高、线性范围宽等优势,可用于测定锆钛矿中含量不均的铪,ICP-MS蠕动泵转速为45 rpm、雾化流量为1.06 L/min时雾化效率最优。在选定的实验条件下,HfO2质谱强度与其质量浓度在0.01～250 ng/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9997,背景等效浓度为0.029 ng/mL,方法检出限为0.0032 ng/mL。按实验方法对中国国家标准物质中的HfO2进行测定,测定值与认定值一致,相对标准偏差在1.6%~3.2%之间。按实验方法对锆钛矿样品中的HfO2进行测定并进行加标回收率实验,测定结果的相对标准偏差（RSDs,n=9）在0.9～3.4%之间,加标回收率在96%～106%之间,满足国家地质矿产行业标准DZ/T 0130—2006的要求。     

Integrated Utilization of Silicon Tetrafluoride and Zirconium Dioxide

The reaction of silicon tetrafluoride with zirconium dioxide was studied. A technological scheme was suggested for utilization of silicon tetrafluoride and reprocessing of spent zirconium dioxide to obtain zircon and zirconium tetrafluoride.     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定二硼化锆中26种杂质

建立微波消解样品,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定二硼化锆中26种杂质元素含量的方法。根据二硼化锆的化学组成对杂质检测的影响,确定了各元素最佳分析线;通过考察不同浓度的锆基体对待测元素的影响来确定最佳锆基体浓度;通过萃取法分离硼元素,消除硼对杂质检测的干扰;采用基体匹配法、多谱拟和技术消除了锆基体的干扰。在选定的仪器工作条件下,各待测元素的质量浓度与信号强度成良好的线性关系,线性相关系数均大于0.999。测定结果的相对标准偏差不大于6%(n=11),样品加标回收率为94%~101%。该方法操作简便,测定结果准确,可用于二硼化锆中26种杂质元素的测定。     

Effect of Zirconia Precursor on the Properties of ZrO2-SiO2 Sol-Gel Oxides

Sol-gel zirconia-silica oxides were synthesized with two zirconium precursors, zirconium n-butoxide and zirconium acetylacetonate, and two different hydrolysis catalysts, HCl and H₂SO₄. The samples prepared with HCl were additionally sulfated with a 1 M solution of H₂SO₄. Characterization was performed with FTIR and ²⁹Si-MAS-NMR spectroscopy, as well as with nitrogen adsorption. Because zirconium and silicon alkoxides have different hydrolysis rates, it was necessary to perform a pre-hydrolysis of the silicon alkoxide before mixing. The atom distribution in the ZrO₂-SiO₂ system depended on the zirconium precursor, which also determined the zirconium incorporation in the silica lattice, which was greater for zirconium acetylacetonate. The zirconium precursor also was responsible for the silanol concentration, which increases when samples were sulfated. Sulfating stabilizes the specific surface area. On sulfate samples calcined at 800°C BET areas larger than 500 m²/g were obtained.     

Effect of Chemical Modification on Hydrolysis and Condensation Reaction of Zirconium Alkoxide

Chemical modification effect of acetic acid was examined to control the hydrolysis and following condensation reaction of zirconium alkoxide. When acetic acid was added to zirconium alkoxide solution, acetic acid coordinated to a zirconium alkoxide to form a stable bidentate chelating compound if molar ratio of acetic acid to zirconium alkoxide (here after abbreviated as RA) was less than two. In the case of simultaneous addition of acetic acid and water into a zirconium alkoxide solution, acetic acid immediately reacted with alkoxide. Water reacted with residual functional alkoxy groups to proceed the following condensation. Changing the degree of chelating the acetic acid to a zirconium alkoxide led to the control of the hydrolysis and condensation by decreasing the alkoxy groups of zirconium alkoxide. Polymeric transparent monolithic gels could be successfully prepared in the range from RA = 1 to RA = 1.5, and from RW = 1 to RW = 1.5 (here RW means molar ratio of water to zirconium alkoxide), respectively.     

Selective separation behavior of silica gel for zirconium in simulated high level radioactive liquid waste

Zirconium in simulated high level radioactive liquid waste (HLLW) was selectively adsorbed and separated by self-made high adsorption activity silica gel. The selective adsorption mechanism was analyzed according to the structure character of self-made silica gel and performance of zirconium in acid simulated HLLW. The results show that the adsorption selectivity of self-made silica gel for zirconium is strong, because zirconium has higher positive charge and zirconium ion hydrolyzes easily. Distribution coefficient of self-made silica gels for zirconium is 53.5 ml/g. There are 6.5 (OH)/nm² on the surface on self-made silica gels which provide more adsorption activity places, thus self-made silica gels have higher adsorption capacity for zirconium (31.4 mg/g). The elution rate of the adsorption of zirconium on self-made silica gel by 0.2 mol/l H₂C₂O₄ is more than 99%. The solubility of the self-made silica gel in nitric acid is low, the chemical stability of self-made silica gel is very strong.     

Inorganic membranes based on zirconium phosphate for fuel cells

In this paper we report on zirconium phosphate based inorganic membrane preparation and electrochemical characterization. The zirconium oxide microporous membranes were impregnated with colloidal particles of zirconium phosphate and were designed for application in direct methanol fuel cells. Scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetry and impedance spectroscopy was used for membrane characterization.     

Determination of zirconium and hafnium with xylenol orange and methylthymol blue

Both Xylenol Orange and Methylthymol Blue are highly selective and sensitive reagents for zirconium and hafnium forming intensely red complexes in an acidic medium. The factors affecting the color formation have been studied. The properties of the complexes have been determined and compared. In general, zirconium forms a more stable complex with the two dyes than hafnium, and Xylenol Orange forms a stronger complex with either zirconium or hafnium than Methylthymol Blue. Hydrogen peroxide can completely mask the zirconium complexes of either dye but only slightly affects the hafnium complex of Xylenol Orange. Zirconium and hafnium can both be determined without separation using peroxide as a masking agent and sulfate as a demasking agent. A bleaching reaction was observed when small amounts of hafnium were added to the red zirconium complex of Methylthymol Blue in 2.4 N perchloric acid or a small amount of zirconium was added to the red hafnium complex of Methylthymol Blue solution at pH 2 to 3.     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定钛合金中锆

建立电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定钛合金中锆元素的含量。采用盐酸-氢氟酸-硝酸溶解钛合金样品,选择357.247 nm为锆的分析谱线,通过基体匹配法消除基体钛的干扰,以电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定钛合金中锆的含量。锆的质量分数在0%~0.4%范围内与光谱强度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数大于0.999,定量下限为0.21%。测定结果的相对标准偏差小于2%(n=11),样品加标回收率为99.0%~102.7%。该方法快速、准确,能够满足实际生产中钛合金样品的测定要求。     

Solid phase extraction of zirconium as arsenazo(III) complex on agar and spectrophotometric determination

A new solid phase extraction method for the separation and determination of zirconium using agar as an adsorbent is described. The method is based on the adsorption of zirconium as arsenazo(III) complex on agar in a mini-column, elution with sulfuric acid-acetone mixture and determination by spectrophotometry. The effect of different parameters such as pH, concentration of the reagent, eluting reagent, and volume of the sample, amount of the adsorbent and interfering ions was investigated. The calibration graph was linear in the range of 5?C300 ng ml^?1 of zirconium under optimum conditions. The limit of detection based on 3S_b was 1.3 ng ml^?1 and the relative standard deviation (R.S.D) for ten replicate measurements of 15 and 200 ng ml^?1 of zirconium was 3.7 and 1.8%, respectively. The method was applied to the determination of zirconium in water and soil samples.     

Monochromatized x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy of the AM60 magnesium alloy surface after treatments in fluoride‐based Ti and Zr solutions

The behaviour of the 6% aluminium–magnesium alloy (AM60) surface in zirconium or titanium fluoride aqueous acid solutions was studied. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to investigate modifications in the surface chemistry with respect to the composition of the surface treatment solution. The surface film is composed of magnesium hydroxide and hydroxyfluoride, zirconium oxide, oxyhydroxide or oxyfluoride, titanium oxide and structural and adsorbed water. Optimal parameters leading to the formation of a zirconium‐ or titanium‐rich film were determined. A mechanism is proposed for the formation of zirconium‐ or titanium‐based films. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.