离子色谱法测定蔬菜中硝酸盐

应用离子色谱法代替原用的镉还原法(即国标法)测定了蔬菜中硝酸根。离子色谱法的应用使测定的选择性、准确性、精密度和速度得到改善。蔬菜样品经捣碎,用自制的活性碳柱脱色和用微孔膜过滤等步骤的预处理后所得溶液即可进行离子色谱测定。所用色谱柱为IonpacAS14A-3C阴离子分离柱,淋洗液为Na2CO3和NaHCO3的混合溶液,洗出液中的NO3-经转化为游离酸(HNO3)后用电导检出器测定其导电率。在量程为30μS和进样液(50μL)中NO3-浓度在1.0~32.5 mg.L-1的范围内,NO3-离子峰高的积分值与进样液中NO3-浓度之间呈线性关系。用含不同浓度NO3-离子的3种蔬菜按方法测定以检验其精密度,所求得RSD值(n=6)在0.7%~5.6%之间。经检验,方法的测定结果与镉还原法的结果之间无显著差异。     

离子色谱法测定银杏叶中无机阴离子

应用离子色谱法测定了银杏叶中6种无机阴离子(F-,Cl-,NO-2,PO3-4,NO-3及SO2-4),测定中采用了Y5AB-8041A型阴离子分离柱及电导检测器,用含有5.0 mol·L-1碳酸钠溶液及5.4 mmol·L-1碳酸氢钠溶液的混合液作为洗脱液,以1.5 mL·min-1的流速通过分离柱.6种阴离子的峰高值与浓度值在一定范围内呈线性关系,其相关系数在0.999 1～0.999 7之间.测得6种阴离子的检出限(以μg·L-1表示)依次为2.75,4.71,9.43,11.1,30.0及22.4.用含6种阴离子的混合标准溶液,连续测定5次,检测方法的精密度,算得其相对标准偏差≤0.94%.用标准加入法测定了方法的回收率,测得结果在96.4%～102.3%之间.     

Similarities and Differences of Low Salinity Polymer and Low Salinity LPS (Linked Polymer Solutions) for Enhanced Oil Recovery

Linked polymer solution (LPS) is nano-size particles made of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) cross-linked with aluminum citrate. The propagation of LPS has been compared to non-cross-linked polymers at low brine salinity condition. The possible differences in properties and potentials for oil recovery have been investigated using water-wet and intermediate-wet cores. The target oil for polymer flooding (PF) is assumed to be the portion of the reservoir that has been bypassed by water during waterflooding and not the residual oil saturation in flooded zones. Our recent studies have shown that a positive synergy can be obtained by combining low salinity and PF. It has been claimed in the literature that cross-linking polymer such as colloidal dispersion gels (colloidal dispersion gels (CDG), micron-size aggregates) or LPS (nano-size particles) would extend the application of polymers to also include change in residual oil saturation. The results of this study indicated higher pressure buildup when low salinity LPS was propagated through brine saturated cores compared to low salinity polymer solution. The pressure buildup was even stronger for high salinity LPS injection. In two phase flow experiments, both polymer and LPS under low salinity condition, showed approximately similar propagation and oil recovery potential when injected into water-wet and intermediate-wet cores.     

双波长分光光度法同时测定溶液中的硝酸根和碘离子

食品和环境样品中往往同时含有硝酸根和碘离子,用紫外分光光度法直接测定硝酸根或碘离子时,二者相互干扰。为此建立了主、次波长分别为220.0、231.5 nm的等吸收点双波长紫外分光光度法测定溶液中的硝酸根和共存的碘离子。当溶液中硝酸根的浓度在0~0.12 mmol/L的范围内,碘离子的浓度在0~0.10 mmol/L的范围内时,主、次波长下的吸光度差值A220-231.5与溶液中硝酸根的浓度 呈良好线性关系,线性方程为A220-231.5 = 2.9958 0.0016（R2 = 0.99994）;其中A220 (NO3-) = 3.6099 0.0084（R2 = 0.99994）,利用吸光度的加和性：A220 (I-) = A220 - A220 (NO3-) = 10.7394 0.0029（R2 = 0.99994）,间接得到碘离子含量 。硝酸根和碘离子的平均相对标准偏差分别为0.6%、0.2%,回收率分别为99.5~102%、99.9~100%。方法简便快捷,可用于溶液中微量硝酸根和碘离子的同时测定。     

土壤易溶盐浸提液中硫酸根和硝酸根的测定

对不同地区不同深度的土壤进行前期预处理,在最佳试验条件下,应用离子色谱法测定土壤浸提液中硫酸根和硝酸根的含量,测定的相对标准偏差分别为1.9%和3.0%,加标回收率SO42-90.0%~100.0%、NO3-93.0%~101.0%.样品预处理操作简单,方法灵敏度和准确性高,结果稳定性好,检出限低,能满足土壤环境样品检验的要求.     

高效离子交换色谱法测定埃本膦酸钠

 采用高效离子交换色谱法,在流动相中加入二价铜离子,利用埃本膦酸钠通过流动相时与铜离子能形成紫外吸收的络合物的性质,在240nm波长下检测,所用柱为DEAE离子交换柱。方法的最低检测质量浓度为6mg/L线性回归系数为0.9989。方法简便,重现性好。同时考察了pH及有机溶剂对平衡分配的影响。     

Simultaneous Determination of Mixtures of Nitrite and Nitrate by Reversed‐Phase Ion‐Pair Liquid Chromatography

To overcome the relatively low resolution in the separation and quantitative analysis of mixtures of nitrite and nitrate, a reversed‐phase ion‐pair liquid chromatographic method is developed with advantages of high accuracy, good selectivity, high efficiency, and low cost. By employing cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as the ion‐pair reagent, this method can work excellently in situations where one component in the mixture is highly in excess (e.g., molar ratio of n( NO₂⁻):n(NO₃⁻) ranging from 1:99 to 95:5). The operation parameters were optimized on a Shim‐pack VP‐ODS(150 L × 4.6) analytical column using a methanol/water ratio of 50:50 (v/v) mobile phase containing 7.0 mmol/L CTAB and 3.1 mmol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH₂PO₄).The column works at a temperature of 35 °C with a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min. Such a protocol can be applied to monitor the formation of trace nitrous acid during the oxidative decomposition of nitric acid.     

Determination of Nb, Ta, Zr and Hf in Micro-Phases at Low Concentrations by EPMA

 Depletion of high field strength elements (HFSE: Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf ) relative to other lithophile trace elements in arc magmas and variations of Nb/Ta and Zr/Hf ratios in mantle-derived rocks can be addressed through studies of minerals, which concentrate and fractionate these elements. The presence of rutile, a common accessory Ti-oxide phase in various mantle rocks, has often been invoked to explain the Nb and Ta depletion in arc lavas because it has the highest HFSE abundances among the known mantle minerals. In this study, we measure the concentrations of Nb, Ta, Zr and Hf (at > 200 ppm) in rutile of two metasomatized mantle lherzolites using a Cameca SX-100 electron microprobe and obtain Nb/Ta ratios with an accuracy of about ± 5%. Mass balance calculations indicate that ≤ 1−5% of Nb and Ta in the rocks reside in major minerals and that the balance is hosted by accessory Ti-oxides. The Nb/Ta ratios vary significantly in nearby rutile grains in both peridotites (17–33, average 23; 12–37, average 21). Therefore, individual rutile grains may not be representative of the total grain population. However, Nb/Ta ratios measured in the bulk rock lherzolites by solution ICP-MS (21 ± 0.3) are within the analytical error of the average Nb/Ta values calculated for 5–7 rutile grains in both samples. These results emphasise that a representative grain selection must be analysed in order to determine trace elements contents of bulk rocks from data on accessory phases.     

血清中阿斯匹林和水杨酸浓度的快速高效液相色谱法测定

A fast method for determining concentrations of aspirin and salicylic acid in serum using reversedphase high performance liquid chromatography with Spherisorb C18 column,MeOH i H2O: n-BuOH : H3PO4 (300:200 :10 :0. 5,volume ratio) eluent and UV-237 detector was eatablished. The linear range of the method is 1-20μg/mL (r=0. 9996)for aspirin and 2 30μg/mL (r=0. 9981) for salicylic acid. The averagerecoveries are 96. 0 %-106. 0% and 92. 0%-119.5% ,respectively.     

巯基棉分离富集-ICP-AES测定高盐体系中痕量的铅、镉

采用巯基棉富集分离,电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法（ICP-AES）测定了高盐水样中痕量的铅、镉。研究表明,pH值为7时,巯基棉同时富集铅、镉的效果最好,可成功分离基体元素,以盐酸（1.5mol/L）溶液洗脱,铅、镉的加标回收率在95.0%~105.0%,相对标准偏差RSD为3.8%~9.7%。     

Re-Examination of the Cadmium Reduction Method and Optimisation of Conditions for the Determination of Nitrate by Flow Injection Analysis

The present paper re-examines the widely used flow injection method for nitrate which is based on heterogeneous reduction of nitrate with copperized cadmium followed by spectrophotometric detection of nitrite formed. The thorough investigation presented here has shown that the reduction step is very critical as far as conversion rate, possible further reduction of nitrite and long-term stability of the reductor column is concerned. The reasons for inconsistent and irreproducible results mentioned in original papers and often obtained in routine applications could be traced back to the way the reductor material had been prepared, the chemical conditions under which reduction takes place (i.e. pH and concentration of complexing agents) and the poisoning of the cadmium surface by sample constituents. The concomitant reduction of dissolved oxygen has been identified as a potential problem causing loss of pH control (due to in-situ generation of hydroxide). De-oxygenation of the carrier solution was found to be a means to overcome this problem with the additional advantages of increasing the lifetime of the reductor column and significantly reducing the concentration of cadmium ions in the waste stream. The role of particle size and column dimension as well as sample residence time within the reductor column on reduction efficiency and sample dispersion has also been investigated.     

高效液相色谱法测定大鼠神经组织中的硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐

 建立了大鼠神经组织中亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐的高效液相色谱测定方法,以用于研究一氧化氮在糖尿病慢性神经病变中的作用。在1 μmol/L～25 μmol/L的浓度范围内,NO2-和NO3-的峰面积与浓度的线性相关系数>0.991;最低检测浓度分别为0.2 μmol/L和0.5 μmol/L;日内、日间相对标准偏差<14%。对各实验组大鼠的初步测定结果表明,糖尿病组及糖尿病胰岛素(IGF)治疗组的NO2-和NO3-水平均低于对照组。 关键词：高效液相色谱法;一氧化氮;硝酸盐;亚硝酸盐;糖尿病神经病变     

新型薄膜扩散梯度技术定量采集高盐度水体中的铵离子

设计了一种基于铁氰化钴钠的新型薄膜扩散梯度(DGT)被动采样装置, 将其应用于高盐度水体中铵离子的定量采集. 采用双滴加法制备铁氰化钴钠, 并利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、 X射线衍射(XRD)仪和氮气吸 附-脱附测试对其表面形貌、 晶体结构和孔结构特征进行表征. 研究了铁氰化钴钠对铵离子的吸附速率和吸附容量. 建立了以琼脂糖凝胶为扩散相、 铁氰化钴钠为结合相的DGT被动采样装置. 研究了采集时间、 水体pH值和共存阳离子对基于铁氰化钴钠的DGT技术采集铵离子的影响. 实验结果表明, 铁氰化钴钠吸附铵离子在60 min时基本达到了吸附平衡; 当铵离子初始浓度为300 mg/L时其吸附容量为90 mg/g. DGT装置结合铵离子的质量随着布置时间的增加呈现线性增长(0~24 h, r²=0.994). 当pH=4~8, Na⁺浓度为0~10000 mg/L, K⁺浓度为0~25000 mg/L, Mg²⁺浓度为0~20000 mg/L, Ca²⁺浓度为0~25000 mg/L时, DGT装置累积的铵离子质量没有明显的变化. 实验结果表明, 使用基于铁氰化钴钠的DGT装置可以准确有效地采集高盐度水体中的铵离子.     

Determination of Low Contents of Fenpiverine Bromide by Extraction Spectrophotometry

An ion-pair extraction spectrophotometry method was developed for the determination of fenpiverine bromide in tablets. To determine this substance it was necessary to find experimental conditions that would allow eliminating the influence of other components of the tablets. Attention was paid to the fact that a suitable pH of water phase was necessary to achieve high selectivity.Received December 11, 2002; accepted April 24, 2003 Published online July 28, 2003     

二维离子色谱法测定精己二酸中痕量硝酸根离子

建立二维离子色谱法测定精己二酸中痕量硝酸根离子含量的方法。第一维采用去离子水作为流动相,经过Ion Pac ICE–AS1色谱柱将精己二酸中的硝酸根离子和己二酸进行预分离,分离出来的硝酸根富集于Ion Pac TAC–ULP1浓缩柱上。以淋洗液发生器产生的不同质量浓度的氢氧化钾溶液作为淋洗液,将富集柱上的硝酸根淋洗下来,经第二维Ion Pac AS17–C色谱柱进行分离,以抑制型电导检测器测定硝酸根离子的含量。精己二酸中硝酸根离子的质量浓度在2.0~50.0μg/L范围内与其色谱峰面积呈良好线性,线性相关系数r20.999,检出限为0.10μg/L,测定结果的相对标准偏差小于1.5%(n=7),加标回收率为98.0%~105.0%。该方法操作简单,灵敏度、准确度高,选择性好,能够准确测定精己二酸中痕量硝酸根离子的含量。     

高效离子排斥色谱法测定饮料中的糖精钠

提出了一种用高效离子排斥色谱法测定饮料中糖精钠的新方法。以ＩｏｎＰａｃ ＩＣＥ－ＡＳ ６柱为分离柱，０．１０ ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＨ２ＳＯ４＋甲醇（９＋１）为淋洗液，２０２ｎｍ波长下紫外检测。在１－１００ｍｇ／Ｌ范围内，糖精钠的含量与峰面积呈 良好线性关系。检出限为０．６０ｎｇ，灵敏度优于以往采用离子交换色谱－电导检测法的结果。在实验条件下，饮料 中常见有机酸以及其它人工合成甜味剂等均不产生干扰。方法用于饮料中糖精钠的测定，加标回收率为９８％～ １０５％。此外还比较了电导检测、紫外检测和经化学抑制系统后紫外检测等三种检测方式对测定灵敏度的影响。     

乙二胺合钴溶液中亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐氮的测定

建立了快速测定乙二胺合钴溶液中亚硝酸和硝酸盐的方法。使用麝香草酚法测定硝酸盐,使用改进了的GB 13580.7-92测定亚硝酸盐。硝酸盐的线性范围在8 mg·L-1以内,亚硝酸盐的线性范围为0.03~0.8 mg·L-1,相关系数分别为0.999 9,0.999 4。硝酸盐的加标回收率在99.9%~108%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=7)为1.2%;亚硝酸盐的加标回收率在99.5%~107%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=7)为1.4%。     

离子色谱法测定高锰酸钾中以及高浓度硝酸根中的高氯酸根

地下水和地表水中的高氯酸根危害人体健康。由于环境水样中的高浓度硝酸根和高锰酸钾基体干扰高氯酸根的测定,本方法通过滴加一定量的过氧化氢以除去高锰酸根,然后对样品进行离心来消除干扰。运用Dionex IonPac AS11型阴离子分离柱,流动相为8mmol/LKOH溶液,大体积(200μL)进样,抑制性电导检测器来测定有高锰酸钾以及高浓度硝酸根干扰的水中痕量高氯酸根。本方法的线性范围0.5~20mg/L,检出限为5μg/L。     

反相离子对高效液相色谱法测定SD大鼠血浆中河豚毒素的含量

建立了大鼠血浆中河豚毒素(TTX)反相离子对高效液相色谱测定方法。血浆样品加水涡漩,再加沉淀剂V(乙腈)∶V(含0.5%HAc的甲醇液)=3∶1),旋涡离心后取上清液进样测定。色谱柱为Agilent ZorbaxSB C18柱(150 mm×4.6 mm×5μm);流动相为10?N-90%的8 mmol/L庚烷磺酸钠与0.005%TFA混合溶液,配好后调到pH5.0;紫外检测波长196 nm;流速1.0 mL/min;柱温为室温。本方法TTX标准品检出限为1.055 mg/L,血浆中TTX的检出限为0.1055 mg/L。血浆中TTX的线性范围为21.1~211 mg/L,r=0.9989。日内和日间精密度RSD均小于3%。本方该法准确、专属性强,适用于血浆中TTX的浓度测定。     

离子色谱法分析布洛芬片剂中的布洛芬含量

研究离子色谱法分析布洛芬片剂中的布洛芬含量的分析方法。用碳酸钠 碳酸氢钠溶液作为淋洗液 ,并以此淋洗液作为提取液 ,提取布洛芬片剂中的布洛芬 ,用紫外检测器在波长 2 1 5nm下检测 ,回收率在 96%～ 98%之间 ,RSD等于 0 .92 % ,方法简单快速。