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Zusammenfassung Die Konkurrenz von inter- und intramolekularer Vernetzung bei der Umsetzung von Polyvinylalkohol (PVAL) mit Terephthal- und Glutaraldehyd (TA bzw. GA) in Wasser und Dimethylsulfoxid wurde untersucht. Die Abhängigkeit der Grenzviskosität der Reaktionsprodukte von der Ausgangskonzentration an PVAL erlaubt Rückschlüsse, ob inter- oder intramolekulare Vernetzung stattgefunden hat. Dabei spielen vorhandene Mikrogele eine wichtige Rolle. Die Reaktionsprodukte wurden gelchromatographisch untersucht. Die Acetalisierung ist nur bei den mit sehr wenig GA umgesetzten PVAL reversibel, alle anderen Produkte konnten nur teilweise hydrolysiert werden.Für die unter Knäuelkontraktion verlaufende rein intramolekulare Reaktion zeigt ein Vergleich der experimentellen Ergebnisse mit den nach Kuhn und Majer berechneten theoretischen Werten der Grenzviskositäten nur für Umsetzungen mit TA gute Übereinstimmung. Die Werte für die Umsetzungen mit GA waren erheblich niedriger als die berechneten. Die Unterschiede bei den Produkten aus der Umsetzung von PVAL mit TA und mit GA werden mit der größeren Flexibilität des GA gegenüber dem TA und dem Auftreten von Mikrogelen erklärt.
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Summary Reactions competing to form inter and intramolecular networks in the system polyvinylalcohol (PVAL) with terephthal and glutar aldehyde (TA and GA) in water and dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) were studied. The dependency of the intrinsic viscosity of the reaction product on the initial concentration of PVAL made it possible to assign resulting networks as inter or intramolecular. The reaction products were evaluated using gelchromatography. PVAL acetalisation was found to be reversible only with PVAL that had reacted with very small amounts of GA, other products being only partly hydrolysed. For the reaction proceeding by the pure intramolecular mechanism, leading to a contraction of the coils, the comparison of intrinsic viscosity data with that produced on theoretical grounds by Kuhn and Majer showed only agreement for those reactions with TA. Values of the reactions with GA were much lower than those calculated. The difference in the reaction products of PVAL with TA and with GA could be explained by the greater flexibility of GA in contrast to TA and the appearance of microgels.
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Prof. Dr. Johann Wolfgang Breitenbach Günther Gleixner 《Monatshefte für Chemie / Chemical Monthly》1976,107(6):1315-1326
The reactivity ratios for the vinyl acetate-divinyl adipate system are determined. Both valuesr
V Ac andr
DV A are near to unity. The reactivity of the pendent double bond is very low and soluble polymers are formed far over the critical conversion calculated with anr-value of the pendent double bonds equal to unity. Contrary to this a high portion of intramolecular cyclization occurs, presumably leading to chain units of the type amounting to 10% of the total number of divinyl adipate units in the chain in systems with an initial monomer concentration of 95% and to 23% in systems with a monomer concentration of 50%. The reactivity ratio of the pendent double bond is estimated. The main reason for the high conversion for gel formation is the low rate of intermolecular reaction of pendent double bonds. In this respect cyclization plays a minor role.
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Johann Wolfgang Breitenbach Günther Gleixner 《Monatshefte für Chemie / Chemical Monthly》1976,283(1):1315-1326
The reactivity ratios for the vinyl acetate-divinyl adipate system are determined. Both valuesr
V Ac andr
DV A are near to unity. The reactivity of the pendent double bond is very low and soluble polymers are formed far over the critical conversion calculated with anr-value of the pendent double bonds equal to unity. Contrary to this a high portion of intramolecular cyclization occurs, presumably leading to chain units of the type amounting to 10% of the total number of divinyl adipate units in the chain in systems with an initial monomer concentration of 95% and to 23% in systems with a monomer concentration of 50%. The reactivity ratio of the pendent double bond is estimated. The main reason for the high conversion for gel formation is the low rate of intermolecular reaction of pendent double bonds. In this respect cyclization plays a minor role. 相似文献
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Intra and Intermolecular Ligand Exchange Reactions of Chloro-Bromo-Osmates(IV) in Non-Polar Solvents The hexahalo complexes of Os(IV) are extractable as ionpairs by long-chain alkylammonium ions, e. g. tridodecylammonium(TDDA+) in the non-polar solvents (benzene, toluene, chloroform, cyclohexane). The nearly unsolvated “naked” complexes are very reactive. Even at room temperature a fast intramolecular isomerization of the pure cis- resp. trans-chloro-bromo complexes takes place. The ligand exchange with HCl resp. HBr dissolved in toluene is 102–104 times faster than in aqueous medium. (TDDA)2[OsF6] reacts with dry HBr in toluene giving mixed complexes of the type [OsFnBr6–n]2?. 相似文献
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Molecular Structure and Intermolecular Coordination of Acyl Substituted Schiff Base Complexes The crystal and molecular structures of four Schiff base complexes with additional acyl groups on the meso positions of the ligands were investigated by means of X-ray analysis. In the nickel complex 5 and in the copper complex 4 a the oxygen of the acetyl groups is coordinated within the six membered chelate rings whereas the benzoyl groups act as meso substituents. In contrast to the nickel complex 5 and to the copper complexes 4 b and 6 a which do not show any intermolecular coordination of the free carbonyl groups, 4 a forms 1 D-coordination polymers with strongly distorted octahedral coordination of the copper by intermolecular side-on coordination of both of the benzoyl groups. The linkage of the molecules is markedly different from that in the cobalt complex 3 b where only one of the meso acyl groups is coordinated to give stair-like chains with coordination number 5 of the cobalt and a shorter axial metal-Oaxial distance. The central [Cu4O4]-unit in 6 a has a cyclooctane-like boat conformation with square-pyramidal coordinated copper instead of the cubane structure with trigonal-bipyramidal coordination in the solvent free α-form of 6 b . 相似文献
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Zusammenfassung Zur Beantwortung der Frage, ob die Bindung von Polyvinylalkohol und Borsäure polyelektrolytische Eigenschaften besitzt, führte man Messungen der Funktion sp/c=f(c) durch. Man stellte fest, daß für verschiedene Konzentrationen unter Einhaltung eines konstanten Konzentrationsverhältnisses zwischen Borsäure und Polymer die untersuchte Funktion einen für elektrolytisch nicht dissoziierende Polymeren charakteristischen Verlauf zeigt.Man arbeitete eine Verdünnungsmethode aus, die eine Spaltung der Verbindung verhütet. Mit Hilfe dieser Methode erhielt man die Kurven sp/c vs.c, deren Maxima für Polyelektrolytlösungen charakteristisch waren.Man untersuchte die IR-Spektren von mit Wasserdampf behandelten PVAB-Filmen und stellte fest, daß die Bindung zwischen Borsäure und Polyvinylalkohol durch Wasserstoffbrücken gebildet wird.
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Summary The polyvinyl alcohol-boric acid complex was investigated in order to determine its polyelectrolytic properties. The shape of the curve sp/c=f(c), when the mole ratio of boric acid to polyvinyl alcohol is kept constant, is characteristic for non dissociating polymers.A dilution procedure was elaborated which avoids destroying the complex in solutions, and sp/c vs.c curves were obtained having their maxima characteristic for polyelectrolytes in solutions containing electrolytes of low molecular weight. The infrared spectra of steam treated polyvinyl alcohol-boric acid complex films were also registered and it was proved that in water solutions hydrogen bonds are responsible for the complex formation.
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