Enhanced Beat Wave Saturation Amplitude in an Ionizing Plasma

The excitation of a plasma wave by two laser beams, whose frequency difference is near the plasma frequency, is studied in a plasma with a density that is slowly increasing with time due to ongoing ionization as appropriate for experiments done in laser breakdown plasmas. Numerical integration of the relativistic equation for the evolution of the wave amplitude reveals that for a rate of increase of the plasma density of approximately 1017 cm-3/ns at a laser intensity I = 1014 W/cm2, the wave amplitude can rise considerably above the relativistic saturation limit of Rosenbluth and Liu which was obtained for a plasma of constant density. This increase in plasma density compensates the reduction in plasma frequency caused by the relativistic electron mass increase when the wave amplitude is large. The frequency and phase excursions of the plasma wave are reduced for an optimum time increasing density. We find that moderate damping can stabilize both the amplitude and the phase of the plasma wave with respect to the pump.     

HL-2M 装置固态亚毫米波干涉系统研制

发展了一套固态亚毫米波外差干涉系统和一种基于全相位快速傅里叶变换(apFFT)的相位处理方法用 于测量 HL-2M 初始等离子体电子密度。该系统采用平面型二极管倍频技术对低频的锁相微波源进行高次倍频以 产生功率大于 0.1MW、频率 306.9GHz 的探测波。基于 apFFT 的相位处理数值算法可以从原始信号中提取相位信 息,缓解由可能的高水平密度扰动导致的相位跳变。系统的固有时间分辨率为 5μs,电子密度测量范围在 10¹⁶~10²⁰m⁻³。在 HL-2M 装置首次实验期间,该系统被安装在中平面上,利用装置内壁反射实现干涉测量,成功 测量了线平均电子密度。      

Investigation of the properties of extraordinary mode in three-dimensional magnetized plasma photonic crystals with diamond lattices as Voigt effects are considered

In this paper, the properties of extraordinary mode for two types of three-dimensional magnetized plasma photonic crystals (3D MPPCs) composed of homogeneous dielectric and magnetized plasma with diamond lattices are theoretically investigated for electromagnetic (EM) wave based on a modified plane wave expansion (PWE) method, as Voigt effects are considered. As EM wave propagates in such 3D MPPCs, the EM wave can be divided in two modes due to the influence of Lorentz force. One is named extraordinary mode and another is ordinary mode. The equations for calculating the dispersive relationships for extraordinary mode as propagating through two types of structures (dielectric spheres immersed in magnetized plasma background or vice versa), are theoretically deduced. The influences of dielectric constant of dielectric, plasma collision frequency, filling factor, the external magnetic field and plasma frequency on the properties of extraordinary mode for both types of MPPCs are investigated in detail, respectively, and some corresponding physical explanations are also given. From the numerical results, it has been shown that not only the locations but also bandwidths and relative bandwidths of the photonic band gaps obtained by extraordinary mode for both types of 3D MPPCs can be manipulated by plasma frequency, filling factor, the external magnetic field and the relative dielectric constant of dielectric, respectively. However, the plasma collision frequency has no effect on the frequency ranges and relative bandwidths of PBGs for two types of 3D MPPCs. The locations of flatbands regions cannot be tuned by any parameters except for plasma frequency and the external magnetic field.     

Radiated Electromagnetic Waves in an Inhomogeneous Magnetoplasma near the Upper Hybrid Frequency

Properties of several plasma waves in a wavenumber space are investigated in a hot magnetized plasma. The properties are applied to investigate ray trajectories of radiated electromagnetic waves to an inhomogeneous plasma and mode conversion of the extraordinary mode into electrostatic cyclotron harmonic waves at the upper hybrid frequency layer. The wave fronts of the mode-converted cyclotron harmonie wave from the extraordinary wave are made clear. Furthermore, ray trajectories of radiated cyclotron harmonic waves and the mode-converted extraordinary mode are obtained.     

Parametric Instability of Surface Waves on the Second Harmonic of Electron Cyclotron Frequency in a Plasma Layer

The parametric instability of surface waves on the second harmonic of electron cyclotron frequency (SWCF) in a plasma filled dielectric wave guide is examined in a kinetic approximation. The studied surface waves are extraordinary polarized modes and propagate across the external steady magnetic field. The amplitude of the electrical pump wave is assumed to be small. Simple expressions for increments of the parametric instability of the SWCF are calculated. The otained results can be used in controlled fusion researches in order to avoid undesirable regimes of plasma periphery heating in that fusion devices which use the resonance electron cyclotron heating method.     

On the propagation and interaction of ultralow-frequency waves in a waveguide with gyrotropic plasma

The propagation of ultralow-frequency (ULF) electromagnetic waves in a waveguide filled with magnetoactive plasma is consieered on the basis of the monoaxial crystal approximation which is more general than the MHD approximation. The formulas for the phase and group velocities of the ordinary (magnetoacoustic) and extraordinary waves (similar to Alfvén waves in the MHD approximation) are derived. It is shown that analysis outside the scope of the MHD approximation results in a finite (nonzero) velocity of energy propagation of the extraordinary wave (Alfvén wave at the limit) along the waveguide. The possible waveguide mode triplets satisfying the conditions of synchronism are found. Three-wave resonant parametric and nonlinear interaction between waves with such characteristics leads to effective spectral transformation of the ULF radiation. Radiophysical Research Institute, Nizhny Novgorod; State Technical University of Nizhny Novgorod. Translated from lzvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 40, Nos. 1–2, pp. 111–122, January–February, 1997.     

Excitation of short-wave oscillations in the ionospheric plasma by the field of a high-power radio wave with extraordinary polarization due to induced scattering by ions

We analyze excitation of electron-cyclotron or upper hybrid oscillations of the ionospheric plasma at a frequency that is close to the pump frequency as a result of induced scattering of a high-power radio wave with extraordinary polarization by ions. The excited oscillations have a small wavelength of the order of the Larmor electron radius, which allows them to propagate near and below the reflection level of an extraordinary radio wave. We found the instability increment and threshold field, which results from collisional absorption of plasma waves. It is shown that the threshold field is minimal near the reflection level of an extraordinary radio wave when the radio wave frequency f₀ is between electron harmonics nf_Be with n≥2. In an ionospheric F layer it is of the order of 1 W/m. Such fields are easily obtained in ionospheric heating experiments allowing for radio-wave field swelling in the reflection region. In the vicinity of electron harmonics f_o≅nf_Be, the threshold field is increasing. For f_o<nf_Be with f_o≅nf_Be the instability does not develop because of the absence of plasma oscillations with a frequency that is close to the pump frequency (the latter also refers to the case f_o<2f_Be). The expressions obtained are generalized to the case in which the instability under consideration is excited by the field of an ordinary radio wave in the region of its quasilongitudinal propagation. We discuss the possibility of using the emergence of very short-wave plasma oscillations for explaining the experimentally observed phenomena. Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation, Russian Academy of Sciences, Troitsk, Moscow Region, Russia. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 40, No. 5, pp. 541–560, May, 1997.     

Structure of Magnetic Plasma Fluctuations in the Uragan-3M Torsatron at Rare Collision Frequencies

Technical Physics - Fluctuations of the poloidal component of the plasma magnetic field in the frequency range of 0.5–50 kHz are studied in the Uragan-3M (U-3M) torsatron. Hydrogen plasma is...     

Behaviour of π mesons and synchrotron radiation in a strong magnetic field

The analogue of coherent states for scalar charged particles in a strong magnetic field is developed. The trajectory of such a wave packet in a strong magnetic field is shown to differ considerably from the classical one. This results in a low frequency modulation of synchrotron radiation intensity. The possible experimental observation is discussed.     

Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating (ECRH) of a Spheromak Plasma

ECRH calculations are carried out for the MS Spheromak (Bto = 20-25 kG, ne ? 1014 cm-3) under the assumption of a straight-line ray path. These preliminary calculations indicate that for "end-on" illumination of the Spheromak plasma by an extraordinary wave at the second harmonic of the cyclotron frequency, almost complete single-pass absorption is achieved even when electron temperature is low (? 100 eV). The use of gyrotrons currently under development would make an early experimental demonstration possible.     

New data processing for multichannel FIR laser interferometer

Usually, both the probing and reference signals received by LATGS detectors of FIR interferometer pass through hardware phase discriminator and the output phase difference--hence the electron line densities is collected for analysis and display with a computerized data acquisition system(DAS). In this paper, a new numerical method for computing the phase difference in software has been developed instead of hardware phase discriminator, the temporal resolution and stability is improved. An asymmetrical Abel inversion is applied to processing the data from a seven-channel FIR HCN laser interferometer and the space-time distributions of plasma electron density in the HT-6M tokamak are derived.     

Nonlinear pulse propagation and phase velocity of laser-driven plasma waves

Laser evolution and plasma wave excitation by a relativistically intense short-pulse laser in underdense plasma are investigated in the broad pulse limit, including the effects of pulse steepening, frequency redshifting, and energy depletion. The nonlinear plasma wave phase velocity is shown to be significantly lower than the laser group velocity and further decreases as the pulse propagates owing to laser evolution. This lowers the thresholds for trapping and wave breaking and reduces the energy gain and efficiency of laser-plasma accelerators that use a uniform plasma profile.     

Excitation of upper-hybrid plasma wake wave by a low-frequency extraordinary electromagnetic wave

The excitation of upper-hybrid wake electrostatic wave by interaction of an extraordinary Gaussian wave propagating perpendicular to the external magnetic field in a cold homogeneous plasma is investigated using magnetohydrodynamics theory. The plasma oscillations can be excited due to the charge separation appeared by the ponderomotive force of the electromagnetic wave whose frequency is considered in the lower pass band. By obtaining the equation governing the plasma wake, the dependency of the wake amplitude on the physical parameters is studied. It is observed that larger wake oscillation takes place when the pulse length is approximately close to 3λ_p/π and the X-wave frequency is greater than ω_p, which means that the phase velocity is less than the speed of light in vacuum (v_p < c).     

2-D analytic model for inductively coupled plasma sources. II.Effects of 2-D coupled damping and their applications

For pt.I see ibid., vol.23, no.1, p.65-73 (1995). In part I, we developed the electromagnetic model and analyzed the plasma kinetic behavior for the recently developed inductively coupled plasma sources (ICPS). The analytic forms demonstrated that the induced RF wave in ICPS is primarily dampened by a collisionless dissipation mechanism, In this paper, the 2-D coupled damping effect is further discussed. A criterion is given to describe the magnitude of coupled damping relative to collisions. The numerical integrals show that the coupled damping is obvious only as the RF phase velocity is close to plasma thermovelocity. The electron velocity distribution function was calculated for different cases, Also analyzed were the geometry and frequency effects. It was found that appropriately adjusting the reactor height and coil current frequency could strengthen the coupled damping effect so as to benefit extracting the energy from the induced RF wave to the plasmas     

二倍频晶体温升分布对输出光场分布的影响

 利用分步快速傅里叶变换和四阶龙格-库塔法,对具有一定温升分布的倍频晶体的二次谐波转换过程进行了研究。综合考虑了谐波转换过程中的离散、衍射、二阶、三阶非线性等效应,着重讨论了倍频晶体吸收光能后,晶体内温升分布对晶体内o光和e光的折射率分布的影响,定量分析了温度分布引起的相位失配量、输出光场分布、二次谐波转换效率随倍频晶体温度分布变化的规律。结果表明:在高功率倍频系统中,倍频晶体温升分布引起基频光、倍频光的相位失配,相位失配导致输出光场光强分布的变化以及谐波转换效率的降低。     

Observation of extraordinary wave propagation near the lower hybrid resonance frequency

Measurements of k_⊥ for an extraordinary wave near the lower hybrid frequency have been carried out by means of propagation between two dipole antennas into a plasma column. Resonance-like behavior have been observed when plasma parameters and frequency fulfil the condition ω ≈ ω_LH.     

Specific features of optical properties of helical liquid crystals with a large helix pitch

Light propagation in helical liquid crystals with the helix pitch considerably exceeding the light wavelength is studied. Using a multidimensional analog of the WKB method, the Green function of the electromagnetic field in such a medium is calculated. This function contains terms corresponding to ordinary and extraordinary waves. The behavior of the Green function in the far-field region is analyzed. It is shown that for the extraordinary ray there exists, on the surface of the wave vectors, a forbidden zone, which, due to periodic changes of the refractive index, corresponds to conditions of the beam turn with the formation of a flat wave channel. The extraordinary beam trajectory, both inside and outside the wave channel, determined by the ray vector, is not flat. The asymptotic behavior of the Green function inside and outside the wave channel is substantially different.     

非磁化等离子体中的电子碰撞频率

电子碰撞频率是非磁化等离子体的一个重要参数,它对等离子体与电磁波相互作用的性质具有较大影响。基于产生等离子体的气压条件不同,其电子碰撞频率具有较大变化范围。研究了它对非磁化等离子体吸波能力的影响,得出了当电子碰撞频率与等离子体频率和入射波频率相当时,等离子体对电磁波具有较大吸收的结论,给出了对应于最大吸收的最佳碰撞频率值。分析了通过选择放电气体来调整等离子体的电子碰撞频率。     

Electric field effect on refraction of light in a layer of chiral liquid crystal with large pitch

The effect of an alternating electric field on the trajectory of an extraordinary light wave in a layer of a chiral liquid crystal with a 180° turn of the director is studied. In this structure, in the absence of the field and at a large angle of incidence of the light wave on the liquid crystal layer, the light undergoes refraction inside the layer. It is shown that the deformation of the director that arises under the action of the electric field changes the character of refraction of the extraordinary wave and the layer begins to transmit the light. The threshold voltage of this effect is determined. The dynamics of the effect is studied. At large voltages, in addition to the extraordinary wave, an ordinary light wave is observed in the light passed through the cell. The ordinary wave intensity is modulated by the initial frequency of the control signal, whereas the extraordinary wave intensity is modulated by the double initial frequency.     

Spectra of high-frequency waves in hot magnetized plasmas

On the basis of numerical solution of the dispersion equation, we obtain the spectra of weakly damped high-frequency waves in a hot magnetized plasma for the case where the electron cyclotron frequency ω_He is below the plasma frequency ω_pe. It is shown that the longitudinal wave propagating at an angle to the magnetic field evolves into the slow extraordinary wave for the refractive index n ≤ 1. For n ≫ 1, the longitudinal-wave frequency increases with the refractive index, and the wave evolves into the wave with anomalous dispersion if the angle θ between the wave vector and the magnetic field is close to 90°. In the same range of θ angles, Bernstein modes appear in the spectrum of plasma eigenmode oscillations. __________ Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 49, No. 3, pp. 258–266, March 2006.