硫化铁的两个电导率相关的相变

 由于X射线对高级相变和电子相变不够敏感,致使很多物质的相变和新的性质被忽略。对物质电阻的变化进行分析可以很好地弥补这一缺陷。通过金刚石对顶砧上原位电阻测量方法,在0~88.7 GPa的压强范围内,在300~443 K的温度条件下,基于范德堡法电阻测量原理,对硫化铁的电导率进行了测量。通过对电导率的分析发现,在零压、温度为408 K的条件下,硫化铁转变成了NiAs结构相。在34.7 GPa和61.3 GPa压强处发现了两个新的突变点,为了印证这两处相变的可靠性,分别测量了在不同压强下样品电导率随温度的变化情况。     

纳米ZnO在高压下的性质与结构研究

 在金刚石压砧上测量了20 nm的ZnO和体相粉末ZnO的电阻-压力关系。研究结果表明，20 nm的ZnO在7.9 GPa 压力时出现了相变，而体相粉末ZnO在5 GPa 时有相变发生。虽然粒径小的相变压力大于粒径大的，但与以前关于体相粉末ZnO所报道的文献结果有所不同。文中对此作了解释，并对纳米ZnO在压力下的畴破裂进行了研究。     

环庚烷的高压拉曼光谱研究

 利用金刚石对顶砧（DAC）装置产生高压,在室温下对环庚烷进行了高压原位拉曼光谱研究。实验的最高压力是17.00 GPa。研究结果表明,在实验的压力范围内,室温常压下为液态的环庚烷在0.53 GPa发生了液-固相变;在3.45~5.58 GPa压力区间,环庚烷的拉曼频移随压力变化的曲线和拉曼峰的半高宽随压力的变化曲线都出现了拐点,由此判断,环庚烷可能发生了固-固相变。     

正辛烷的高压拉曼光谱研究

 采用金刚石对顶砧高压装置,在室温下对正辛烷（C₈H₁₈）进行了原位高压拉曼光谱研究,实验的最高压力为13GPa。在实验的压力范围内,正辛烷的拉曼峰位随压力的升高均向高频移动,峰强逐渐减弱,峰形变宽。常态为液态的正辛烷在0.8 GPa时,拉曼频移随压力的变化曲线出现了拐点,发生了液－固相变;在6.8 GPa时,伴随着原拉曼峰的消失或劈裂,以及新拉曼峰的出现,此时正辛烷可能发生了固－固相变。该相变压力低于已有的低碳数正烃烷的压致相变结果。正烃烷的压致相变压力点,具有随着结构链长的增加,其相变压力降低的规律。     

Novel pressure-induced magnetic transition in magnetite (Fe3O4)

Fe K-edge x-ray magnetic circular dichroism of magnetite (Fe3O4) powders was measured with synchrotron radiation under variable pressure and temperature conditions in diamond anvil cell. The magnetic dichroism was observed to decrease discontinuously by approximately 50% between 12 and 16 GPa, independent of temperature. The magnetic transition is attributed to a high-spin to intermediate-spin transition of Fe2+ ions in the octahedral sites and could account for previously observed structural and electrical anomalies in magnetite at this pressure range. The interpretation of x-ray magnetic circular dichroism data is supported by x-ray emission spectroscopy and theoretical cluster calculations.     

不同粒径纳米晶硫化锌的高压结构相变研究

 应用原位能量色散X射线散射和金刚石对顶砧技术,对纳米晶ZnS进行了高压结构相变研究。初始相为纤锌矿结构的10 nm和3 nm硫化锌分别在16.0 GPa和16.7 GPa时转变为岩盐矿结构,相变压力均高于纤锌矿结构的体材料硫化锌。该相变为一可逆的结构相变。应用大型科学计算软件Materials Studio（MS）计算了纳米晶ZnS的状态方程,根据Birch-Murnaghan方程拟合了纳米晶ZnS的零压体模量,得到的零压体模量高于相应体材料的零压体模量,表明纳米晶ZnS较难压缩。     

Effect of pressure on electrical resistance of WSe<Subscript>2</Subscript> single crystal

The results of electrical resistance measurements under pressure on single crystals of WSe₂ are reported. Measurements up to 8.5 GPa are carried out using Bridgman anvil set up and beyond it using diamond anvil cell (DAC) up to a pressure of 27 GPa. There is no clear indication of any phase transition till the highest pressure is reached in these measurements.     

High pressure experiments with synchrotron radiation

Using a diamond anvil cell (DAC), high pressure ⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy has been performed with the nuclear forward scattering of synchrotron radiation. We used monochromatized synchrotron radiation from an in‐vacuum type undulator as a high‐density strong Mössbauer source with a quite small beam size. Pressure‐induced magnetic hyperfine interactions at ⁵⁷Fe in SrFeO_2.97 has been detected at 74 GPa by a quantum‐beat modulation of the decay rate after collective nuclear excitation with the synchrotron radiation pulse. Evidence for a transition from antiferromagnetism to ferromagnetism of Fe in SrFeO_2.97 at 74 GPa and 300 K has been obtained from the nuclear forward scattering under a transverse magnetic field.     

石膏的高压原位Raman光谱和相变研究

 利用金刚石对顶砧（DAC）高压装置产生高压,在0~35 GPa压力范围,对石膏（Gypsum,CaSO₄·2H₂O）晶体进行了高压原位Raman光谱研究。根据高压Raman光谱的实验数据,给出了石膏晶体Raman振动频率与压力的依赖关系;在4.5 GPa附近,在对称性伸缩振动范围,发现新的Raman峰1 012  cm^-1出现,这个峰的强度随压力升高逐渐增强,据此断定在4.5 GPa 附近,石膏晶体发生了压力导致的结构相变。     

绿柱石的原位高压X射线研究

 采用同步辐射光源和金刚石对顶砧（DAC）技术,对绿柱石进行了室温下的原位高压能散X射线衍射（EDXD）研究,实验的最高压力为19.2 GPa。在实验压力范围内,未观察到绿柱石发生相变,轴压缩率c大于a;在小于9.3 GPa的压力范围内,其体积压缩率符合二阶Murnaghan状态方程,而压力在9.3～19.2 GPa范围内时,其体积压缩率有所增加,且体积-压力关系近乎线性变化。     

Experimental system for X-ray magnetic diffraction under extreme conditions

An experimental system for X-ray magnetic diffraction (XMD) under extreme conditions was constructed on the beamline BL39XU at SPring-8. This system aims at studying magnetic properties of ferromagnets through the measurements of magnetic form factors under the conditions of low temperature (5 K), high magnetic field (6 T) and high pressure (10 GPa). This system consists of a superconducting magnet (SCM), a diamond anvil cell (DAC), a two-axis manipulator for the DAC, a five-axis goniometer for the SCM, and an X-ray polarizer with a phase plate. Details of this system are presented. Experimental results on uranium telluride are shown as a performance test with this instrumentation.     

Development of an energy‐domain 57Fe‐Mössbauer spectrometer using synchrotron radiation and its application to ultrahigh‐pressure studies with a diamond anvil cell

An energy‐domain ⁵⁷Fe‐Mössbauer spectrometer using synchrotron radiation (SR) with a diamond anvil cell (DAC) has been developed for ultrahigh‐pressure measurements. The main optical system consists of a single‐line pure nuclear Bragg reflection from an oscillating ⁵⁷FeBO₃ single crystal near the Néel temperature and an X‐ray focusing device. The developed spectrometer can filter the Doppler‐shifted single‐line ⁵⁷Fe‐Mössbauer radiation with a narrow bandwidth of neV order from a broadband SR source. The focused incident X‐rays make it easy to measure a small specimen in the DAC. The present paper introduces the design and performance of the SR ⁵⁷Fe‐Mössbauer spectrometer and its demonstrative applications including the newly discovered result of a pressure‐induced magnetic phase transition of polycrystalline ⁵⁷Fe₃BO₆ and an unknown high‐pressure phase of Gd⁵⁷Fe₂ alloy placed in a DAC under high pressures up to 302 GPa. The achievement of Mössbauer spectroscopy in the multimegabar range is of particular interest to researchers studying the nature of the Earth's core.     

六角相B-C-N化合物的高压相变研究

采用原位高压同步辐射能散X射线衍射和金刚石压砧技术,实验研究了新型超硬材料六角相B0.47C0.23N0.30的高压相变及物理特性,压力范围为1.4～30 GPa.实验结果表明,六角相B..47C0.23N0.30在14.9 GPa压力下发生了相变,形成的新相为六方纤锌矿结构.计算得到了具有六方纤锌矿结构的B0.47C...     

氧化镓的同步辐射研究

 利用金刚石对顶砧（DAC）高压装置产生高压，使用体积比为16∶3∶1的甲醇、乙醇和水混合液作为传压介质，通过原位高压同步辐射技术对氧化镓的高压行为进行了研究（0～42.5 GPa）。实验发现在室温下13.3 GPa压力附近，单斜结构的氧化镓发生了结构相变，变成三角结构。相变后镓离子由原来同时位于由氧离子围成的四面体和八面体的中心位置变成只位于八面体的中心位置。卸压后的X射线衍射谱表明，氧化镓又恢复为单斜结构，该相变为可逆相变。     

ZnO纳米线在压力下的电学性质

 在金刚石压砧上测量了ZnO纳米线R-p和C-p关系,并和原先测量的纳米晶及体相ZnO的结果进行了比较。研究结果表明,ZnO纳米线在5.0 GPa左右发生相转变。其间的电阻-压力曲线呈指数下降趋势,电容呈指数上升趋势;在相转变之后电阻迅速上升,电容急速下降（指数下降）,这与一般的块状和纳米晶的相转变都有所不同,表现出了纳米线与非线状纳米晶的差别。     

High-Pressure Ultrafast Dynamics in Sr_2IrO_4: Pressure-Induced Phonon Bottleneck Effect

By integrating pump-probe ultrafast spectroscopy with diamond anvil cell(DAC) technique, we demonstrate a time-resolved ultrafast dynamics study on non-equilibrium quasiparticle(QP) states in Sr_2IrO_4 under high pressure. On-site in situ condition is realized, where both the sample and DAC have fixed position during the experiment. The QP dynamics exhibits a salient pressure-induced phonon bottleneck feature at 20 GPa, which corresponds to a gap shrinkage in the electronic structure. A structural transition is also observed at 32 GPa.In addition, the slowest relaxation component reveals possible heat diffusion or pressure-controlled local spin fluctuation associated with the gap shrinkage. Our work enables precise pressure dependence investigations of ultrafast dynamics, paving the way for reliable studies of high-pressure excited state physics.     

High pressure investigations on amorphous selenium

We report the diamond anvil cell (DAC) high pressure powder X-ray diffraction studies on amorphous selenium (a-Se) under truly hydrostatic pressure condition up to 20 GPa. Amorphous selenium exhibits a sharp and irreversible transition to a hexagonal structure at 10.6 ± 0.1 GPa. It is also known that metallization occurs in a-Se around this pressure. Some plausible arguments are provided to suggest that the amorphous to crystalline transition may be driven by metallization.     

Phase transitions at high pressure in tetracyanoethylene

We report in situ x-ray diffraction studies in tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) at high pressure using diamond anvil cell (DAC) at Elettra synchrotron source, Trieste, Italy. Experiments were performed with both the polymorphic phases (monoclinic and cubic) of TCNE as the starting phase. While starting with monoclinic (the high temperature stable) TCNE, it was found that the Bragg peaks get broadened with increase of pressure and above 5 GPa only few broad peaks remained to be observed. On release of pressure from 6.4 GPa, when the sample started turning black, the diffraction pattern at ambient pressure corresponds to cubic, the other crystalline phase of TCNE. Results reconfirm the monoclinic to cubic transition at high pressure but via an intermediate ‘disordered’ phase. This settles a number of conflicting issues. TCNE represents only system, which undergoes transition from one crystalline to another crystalline phase via a ‘disordered’ metastable phase at high pressure. When the starting phase was cubic (the low temperature stable) no apparent phase transition was observed up to 10.8 GPa.     

Equal compressibility structural phase transition of molybdenum at high pressure

We have studied the high-pressure compression behavior of molybdenum up to 60 GPa by synchrotron radial x-ray diffraction (RXRD) in a diamond anvil cell (DAC). It is found that all diffraction peaks of molybdenum undergo a split at around 27 GPa, and we believe that a phase transition from a body-centered cubic structure to a rhombohedral structure at room pressure has occurred. The slope of pressure-volume curve shows continuity before and after this phase transition, when fitting the pressure-volume curves of the body-centered cubic structure at low pressure and the rhombohedral structure at high pressure. A bulk modulus of 261.3 (2.7) GPa and a first-order derivative of the bulk modulus of 4.15 (0.14) are obtained by using the nonhydrostatic compression data at the angle ψ = 54.7° between the diffracting plane normal and stress axis.     

顽火辉石的高温高压同步辐射研究

 采用同步辐射能量色散X射线衍射技术、激光加热技术和金刚石对顶砧（DAC）高压装置,在温度为2 000 K和压力为23 GPa的范围内,对采自地幔二辉橄榄岩中的顽火斜方辉石,进行了原位的高温高压能量色散X射线衍射（EDXRD）测量。实验结果表明：当压力为15.3 GPa、温度为1 600 K时（相当于地球内部410 km处的地震波不连续界面的温压环境）,顽火斜方辉石转变为橄榄石的β相——瓦兹利石（Wadsleyite）相;继续加温加压至2 000 K、23 GPa时（相当于地球内部670 km处的地震波不连续界面的温压环境）,顽火斜方辉石相变为钛铁矿（Ilmenite）结构和钙钛矿（Perovskite）结构的混和相。实验结果进一步证明,在地幔中存在的两个地震波不连续界面是由橄榄石、顽火斜方辉石等矿物的相变引起的。