空穴传输层对有机电致发光器件性能的影响

制备了结构为ITO/MoO₃(40 nm)/空穴传输层/CBP:Ir(ppy)₂acac(8%)(30 nm)/BCP(10 nm)/Alq₃(40 nm)/LiF(1 nm)/Al(100 nm)的器件,其中Ir(ppy)₂acac为绿色磷光染料,空穴传输层分别为TAPC(50 nm)、TAPC(40 nm)/TCTA(10 nm)、NPB(50 nm)、NPB(40 nm)/TCTA(10 nm)。通过使用4种不同结构的空穴传输层,对器件的发光性能进行了研究。结果表明,空穴传输层对器件的发光性能有较大影响。在电压为6 V、电流密度为2 mA/cm²的条件下,4种结构的器件的电流效率分别为52.5,67.8,35.6,56.6 cd/A。其原因是TAPC/TCTA及NPB/TCTA能级结构更有利于空穴对发光层的注入而且TAPC拥有较高的空穴迁移率;另外,TAPC及TCTA拥有较高的LUMO和三线态能量,可以有效地将电子和三线态激子束缚在发光层内,增加绿光染料的复合发光几率。所制备的器件均表现出良好的色坐标稳定性。     

聚苯胺在聚合物发光二极管中的空穴传输作用

报道了聚苯胺中间氧化态(emeraldine base form PANI-EB)空穴传输层对以PPV衍生物(PTA-PPV,PTA-DMPPV和MEH-PPV)为发光层和Alq₃为电子传输层构成的多层结构的发光二极管的影响。实验结果表明,在器件中PANI-EB空穴层的引入能有效地降低器件的启亮电压和提高器件的发光亮度,其影响程度依赖于PPV衍生物的结构。     

Efficiency improvement of red organic light-emitting diodes using a blue phosphorescent exciton blocking layer

Quantum efficiency of red organic light-emitting diodes was improved using a blue phosphorescent emitting layer as an exciton blocking layer. Compared with 8.1% quantum efficiency of standard devices without an exciton blocking layer, high quantum efficiency of 14.1% was obtained using a blue phosphorescent emitting layer between the hole transport layer and the red emitting layer.     

Effect of host and interlayer structures on device performances of hybrid white organic light-emitting diodes

The effect of host and interlayer structures on device performances of hybrid white organic light emitting diodes was studied by changing the energy level of host and interlayer materials. A mixed layer of hole transport type and electron transport type materials was used as a host and an interlayer. In the red:green/interlayer/blue stacked structure, a red shift of emission color was observed by increasing the highest occupied molecular orbital of the electron transport type material in the mixed layer. An optimization of the device structure gave a high current efficiency of 32.4 cd/A with a color coordinate of (0.44, 0.45).     

Fabrication of substrate-free double-side emitting flexible device based on silver nanowire-polymer composite electrode

Flexible light emitting diodes are a promising component for future electronic devices, but require a simple structure and fast fabrication method. Organic light emitting diodes are a viable option as they are lightweight, thin, and flexible. However, they currently have costly fabrication procedures, complicated structures, and are sensitive to water and oxygen, which hinder widespread application. Here, we present a novel approach to fabricate flexible light emitting devices by employing Ag nanowire/polymer composite electrodes and ZnS phosphor particles. The composite electrode was fabricated using inverted layer processing, and used as both a bottom electrode and a dielectric layer. The high mechanical stability of the composite allowed the device to be free standing and mechanically flexible, eliminating the need for any additional support. Using Ag nanowires in both the top and bottom electrodes made a double-sided light emitting device that could be applied to wearable lightings or flexible digital signages.     

Theoretical and experimental analysis of the effects of the series resistance on luminous efficacy in GaN-based light emitting diodes

In this paper, a new equivalent circuit model of GaN-based light emitting diodes （LEDs） is established. The impact of the series resistance to luminous efficacy is simulated using the MATLAB software. GaN-based LEDs with different n- contact electrode materials （LEDs with Ni/Au and LEDs with Cr/Au） are fabricated. By comparing and analyzing the results of performances, we concluded that both the series resistance and the carrier loss could affect the luminous efficacy severely. LEDs with lower series resistance have higher luminous efficacy and its efficiency droop is alleviated simultaneously. To improve luminous efficacy, the fabrication process should be optimized for lower series resistance.     

Pure blue emission from undoped organic light emitting diode based on anthracene derivative

This paper presents organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) which were fabricated by using undoped 9,10-di(2-naphthyl)anthracene (ADN) as the emitting layer, N,N′-diphenyl-N,N′-bis(3-methylphenyl)-1,1′-biphenyl-4,4′-amine (TPD) as the hole transporting layer, and one of tris-(8-hydroxy-quinolinato) aluminum (Alq₃), 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen) and 2-tert-butylphenyl-5-biphenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole (PBD) as the electron transporting layer. By optimization for the thickness of device, efficient pure blue organic light emitting diodes were obtained, which is attributed to the synergy of both the hole transporting layer and the electron transporting layer.     

Performance improvement of GaN-based light-emitting diode with a p-InAIGaN hole injection layer

The characteristics of a blue light-emitting diode （LED） with a p-InA1GaN hole injection layer （HIL） is analyzed numerically. The simulation results indicate that the newly designed structure presents superior optical and electrical performance such as an increase in light output power, a reduction in current leakage and alleviation of efficiency droop. These improvements can be attributed to the p-InA1GaN serving as hole injection layers, which can alleviate the band bending induced by the polarization field, thereby improving both the hole injection efficiency and the electron blocking efficiency.     

载流子迁移率对单层有机发光二极管复合效率的影响

建立了在单层有机发光二极管中电场强度不太大(E≤104Vcm)的情况下,载流子注入、传输和复合的理论模型.通过求解非线性Painleve方程得出了电场强度随坐标变化的解析函数关系式以及电流密度随电压变化关系,给出了电流密度以及器件的复合效率在不同的载流子迁移率情况下随电压变化关系图像.结果表明,复合效率受载流子迁移率影响较大,在器件中多数载流子应具有较低的迁移率,而少数载流子应具有较高的迁移率,这样有利于载流子的注入和传输,从而可提高发光效率.并且得出当空穴迁移率大于电子迁移率时,复合区域偏向阴极,反之亦 关键词： 单层有机发光二极管 复合效率 迁移率     

基于器件结构提高TADF-OLED器件的发光性能

为了提高以TADF材料作为主体、天蓝色荧光材料作为客体的混合薄膜的OLED器件光电性能,我们调整了器件结构,使主体材料发挥其优势。制备了基本结构为ITO/NPB(40 nm)/DMAC-DPS∶x%BUBD-1(40 nm)/Bphen(30 nm)/LiF(0.5 nm)/Al的OLED器件。研究了主-客体材料在不同掺杂浓度下的OLED器件的光电特性。为了提高主体材料的利用率,在空穴传输层和发光层之间加入10 nm的DMAC-DPS作为间隔层;然后,在阳极和空穴传输层之间加入HAT-CN作为空穴注入层,形成HAT-CN/NPB结构的PN结,有效降低了器件的启亮电压(2.7 V)。测量了有无HAT-CN的单空穴器件的阻抗谱。结果表明,在最佳掺杂比例(2%)下,器件的外量子效率(EQE)达到4.92%,接近荧光OLED的EQE理论极限值;加入10 nm的DMAC-DPS作为间隔层,使得器件的EQE达到5.37%;HAT-CN/NPB结构的PN结有效地降低了器件的启亮电压(2.7 V),将OLED器件的EQE提高到5.76%;HAT-CN的加入提高了器件的空穴迁移率,降低了单空穴器件的阻抗。TADF材料作为主体材料在提高OLED器件的光电性能方面具有很大的潜力。     

Improved device reliability in organic light emitting devices by controlling the etching of indium zinc oxide anode

A controllable etching process for indium zinc oxide （IZO） films was developed by using a weak etchant of oxalic acid with a slow etching ratio. With controllable etching time and temperature, a patterned IZO electrode with smoothed surface morphology and slope edge was achieved. For the practical application in organic light emitting devices （OLEDs）, a sup- pression of the leak current in the current-voltage characteristics of OLEDs was observed. It resulted in a 1.6 times longer half lifetime in the IZO-based OLEDs compared to that using an indium tin oxide （ITO） anode etched by a conventional strong etchant of aqua regia.     

n-type ZnS used as electron transport material in organic light-emitting diodes

This paper reports on the n-type ZnS used as electron transport layer for the organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). The naphthyl-substituted benzidine derivative (NPB) and tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminium (AlqOLEDs n型ZnS 电子运输层 亮度 效率 功能发光二极管OLEDs, n-type ZnS, electron transport layer, luminance, efficiencyProject supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 60476005), the Scientific Research Foundation for Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, the State Education Ministry, the State Key Program for Basic Research of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant No 2003CB314707), and the Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 50532090).2005-11-211/9/2006 12:00:00 AMThis paper reports on the n-type ZnS used as electron transport layer for the organic light-emitting diodes （OLEDs）. The naphthyl-substituted benzidine derivative （NPB） and tris （8-hydroxyquinoline） aluminium （Alq3） are used as the hole transport layer and the emitting layer respectively. The insertion of the n-type ZnS layer enhances the electron injection in the OLEDs. The study was carried out on OLEDs of structures： indium-tin-oxide （ITO）/NPB/Alq3/ZnS/LiF/AL, ITO/NPB/Alq3/LiF/AL and ITO/NPB/Alq3/AL. The luminance and efficiency of the device containing this electron transport layer are increased significantly over those obtained from conventional devices due to better carrier balance.     

The performance enhancement in organic light-emitting diode using a semicrystalline composite for hole injection

A semicrystalline composite, 3, 4, 9, 10 perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride （PTCDA） doped N,N＇-di（1-naphthyl）- N,N＇-diphenylbenzidine （NPB）, has been fabricated and characterized. An organic light-emitting diode using such a composite in hole injection exhibits the improved performance as compared with the reference device using neat NPB in hole injection. For example, at a luminance of 2000 cd/m2, the former device gives a current efficiency of 2.0cd/A, higher than 1.6cd/A obtained from the latter device. Furthermore, the semicrystalline composite has been shown thermally to be more stable than the neat NPB thin film, which is useful for making organic light emitting diodes with a prolonged lifetime.     

决定AlGaInP高亮度发光二极管光提取效率的主要因素

影响发光二极管光提取效率的主要因素有：出光表面状态、上电极和体内吸收．对于ＡｌＧａＩｎＰ高亮度发光二极管体内吸收主要是衬底和发光区的吸收．一般采用出光表面粗化、窗口层、ＤＢＲ反射器等措施来提高光提取效率．本文以自发辐射随机分布模型为基础，以ＡｌＧａＩｎＰ高亮度发光二极管典型结构的各种参数为依据，从理论上分析了这几种主要措施对光提取效率的影响．     

决定AlGaInP高亮度发光二极管光提取效率的主要因素

影响发光二极管光提取效率的主要因素有:出光表面状态、上电极和体内吸收.对于AlGaInP高亮度发光二极管体内吸收主要是衬底和发光区的吸收.一般采用出光表面粗化、窗口层、DBR反射器等措施来提高光提取效率.本文以自发辐射随机分布模型为基础,以AlGaInP高亮度发光二极管典型结构的各种参数为依据,从理论上分析了这几种主要措施对光提取效率的影响.     

具有新型双空穴注入层的有机发光二极管

采用新型双空穴注入层N, N, N', N'-tetrakis(4-Methoxy-phenyl)benzidine/Copper phthalocyanine(MeO-TPD/CuPc)及器件结构:ITO/MeO-TPD(15 nm)/CuPc(15 nm)/ N, N'-Bis(naphthalen-1-yl)-N, N'-bis(phenyl)benzidine (NPB, 15 nm)/8-hydroxyquinoline (Alq₃, 50 nm)/LiF(1 nm)/Al(120 nm), 研制出高效有机发光二极管(器件D), 与其他器件(器件A, 没有空穴注入层的器件; 器件B, MeO-TPD单空穴注入层; 器件C, CuPc单空穴注入层)相比, 其性能得到明显改善. 器件D的起亮电压降至3.2 V, 比器件A, B, C的起亮电压分别降低了2, 0.3, 0.1 V. 器件D在10 V时, 其最大亮度为23893 cd/m², 最大功率效率为1.91 lm/W, 与器件A, B, C的最大功率效率相比, 分别提高了43% (1.34 lm/W), 22% (1.57 lm/W), 7% (1.79 lm/W). 性能改善的主要原因是由于空穴注入和传输性能得到了改善, 通过单空穴型器件的J-V 曲线对这一现象进行了分析. 关键词： 有机发光二极管 空穴注入层 功率效率 势垒     

On the improvement of the electroluminescent signal of organic light emitting diodes by the presence of an ultra‐thin metal layer at the interface organic/ITO

The electroluminescent (EL) signal of organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on simple “hole transporting layer/electron transporting layer” (HTL/ETL) structures has been studied as a function of the anode/HTL interface, the anode being an indium tin oxide (ITO) film. It is shown that the electroluminescent (EL) signal increases when a metal ultra‐thin layer is introduced between the anode and the HTL. Experimental results show that the work function value of the metal is only one of the factors which allow improving the EL signal via better hole injection efficiency. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

表面InGaN厚度对GaN基发光二极管特性的影响

通过调整GaN基发光二极管(LED)表面InGaN层的厚度,发现在20 mA电流驱动下,LED器件的正向压降有明显差距.本文考虑了极化效应的影响,通过求解InGaN/GaN三角形势阱内二维空穴气浓度以及空穴隧穿概率的变化,求得了表面InGaN层厚度不同时器件正向压降的变化趋势,发现理论结果与实验结果有很好的吻合.同时得到了获得最低正向压降的表面InGaN厚度. 关键词： 极化 二维空穴气 隧穿概率     

表面InGaN厚度对GaN基发光二极管特性的影响

通过调整GaN基发光二极管(LED)表面InGaN层的厚度，发现在20 mA电流驱动下，LED器件的正向压降有明显差距.本文考虑了极化效应的影响，通过求解InGaN/GaN三角形势阱内二维空穴气浓度以及空穴隧穿概率的变化，求得了表面InGaN层厚度不同时器件正向压降的变化趋势，发现理论结果与实验结果有很好的吻合.同时得到了获得最低正向压降的表面InGaN厚度.     

Organic Light Emitting Diodes with an Organic Acceptor/Donor Interface Involved in Hole Injection

Organic light emitting diodes with an interface of organic acceptor 3-, 4-, 9-,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride （PTCDA） and donor copper phthalocyanine （CuPc） involved in hole injection are fabricated. As compared to the conventional device using a 5 nm CuPc hole injection layer, the device using an interface of 10nm PTCDA and 5 nm CuPc layers shows much lower operating voltage with an increase of about 46% in the maximum power efficiency. The enhanced device performance is attributed to the efficient hole generation at the PTCDA/CuPc interface. This study provides a new way of designing hole injection.