脉冲CO2激光诱导氨的复相催化氧化反应的研究

本文研究了TEA CO2 激光诱导的复相氨氧化反应.在1:1NH3-O2 混合气体的总压力为5Torr丶激光能量密度低于9J.cm-2 条件下, 只有在激光直接辐照于铂或镍表面上时, 才发生明显的氨氧化反应. 测定了激光频率丶能量密度和脉冲辐照次数反应的影响, 发现这类反应具有较明显的激光频率丶能量密度和脉冲辐照次数对该反应的影响, 发现这类反应具有较明显的激光光频率选择性. 同时, 还讨论了该反应的机理, 认为按 Eley-Rideal 机理解释比较合理.     

六氟化铀振动激发态的紫外吸收变化

本文以脉冲CO2激光激发SF6分子,经碰撞V-V传能产生UF6振动激发态,在波长220-330nm范围内研究其紫外吸收瞬时变化.在静态池的条件下,分别测定了脉冲CO2激发能量以及SF6和UF6的分压对紫外吸收变化的影响,曾对2.0TorrSF6和2.0TorrUF6混合气体在激光脉冲能量为160mJ时,振动受激的UF6分子的紫外吸收变化与波长的关系作了研究,发在在240,248,290和313nm处有明显的吸收变化的峰值,这可能系几种不同的高振动态SF6分子的吸收截面的变化所引起的.     

红外激光诱导SF6与硅和钨的表面化学反应

本文研究了TEA CO_2激光诱导SF_6与单晶硅和金属钨的表面化学反应。实验结果表明这些反应的反应率与激光频率之间具有明显的依赖关系, 在频率为942.2 cm~(-1)处反应率呈极大值。对于SF_6-Si体系, 反应率与硅的不同晶面有关, 在相同条件下Si(100)面与SF_6的反应率大于Si(111)面。对于SF_6-W体系, 测定了激光能量密度和脉冲辐照次数与反应率之间的关系, 其反应阈值为1 Jcm~(-2), 并测得该反应的速率与SF_6分压呈一级反应关系。同时, 还讨论了上述反应的机理, 认为气态振动受激的六氟化硫分子与被激光激活的固相表面之间的相互作用是反应的主要过程。     

1064nm激光诱导Ge(111)与Cl2反应动力学

采用超声分子束和时间分辨质谱技术研究了1064nm脉冲激光辐照下Ge(111)与Cl₂的反应动力学。实验结果表明,该反应的主要产物为GeCl₂,提高入射氯分子的平动能将增加反应速率。激光能量密度对GeCl₂产率呈指数关系,而对GeCl₂的平动温度影响不大。升高Ge(111)表面温度也能提高反应产率。同时还讨论了近红外激光诱导GeCl₂反应的机理。     

固定床反应器中添加CO2对费托合成反应的影响

用固定床反应器研究了Fe-Mn催化剂上原料气中添加CO2对费托合成反应的影响.结果表明,在533K与反应总压为1.50MPa时,大量CO2的添加使得生成CO2的选择性迅速降低,烃的生成速率降低,烃的收率也有所降低,产物向轻组分方向偏移,有机含氧化合物的生成速率降低;在593K与合成气(H2 CO)分压为1.50MPa时,随着CO2分压的增加,CO消耗速率变化不大,而烃的生成速率缓慢升高,烃的收率有所升高,CO2的生成速率缓慢降低,H2O的生成速率明显加快.由于CO2的添加,促使水煤气变换反应向逆反应方向进行,降低了催化剂表面氢物种浓度,抑制了加氢反应,低碳烃的烯/烷比有所增大,同时提高了重质烃的选择性,且随着CO2分压的增加,有机含氧化合物的生成速率呈上升的趋势.     

煤催化气化中非均相反应动力学的研究

以神木煤焦为研究对象,在小型加压固定床上考察了不同气化剂(水蒸气、二氧化碳、氢气)、催化剂负载量、水蒸气分压、氢气分压和一氧化碳分压对碳转化率和气化反应速率的影响。结果表明,对于非均相的催化气化反应来说,反应速率顺序为C-H2OC-CO2C-H2。H2和CO不同程度地抑制煤焦水蒸气气化反应,CO的抑制作用明显大于H2。在700℃,当添加5%的CO,碳转化率降低约50%。基于Langmuir-Hinshelwood(L-H)方程,结合随机孔模型,同时考虑催化剂负载量及气化产物分压的影响,建立了煤焦催化水蒸气气化动力学模型,模型预测反应速率常数与实验值误差在10%以内,说明建立的动力学模型可以较好地模拟煤焦的催化水蒸气气化反应过程。     

超声分子束研究激光诱导Cl2和Ta表面反应动态学

本文研究了在三种不同波长的脉冲激光(365 nm, 560 nm和1064 nm)辐照下超声Cl_2分子束与多晶Ta表面的化学反应动态学. 由四极质谱和飞行时间增(TOF)测定了产物的质量分布和速度分布. 该反应的主要产物为TaCl, TaCl_2, TaCl_3及TaCl_4; 它们的TOF谱都可用Maxwell-Boltzmann分布拟合, 所得的平动温度分别在500 K—1500 K范围内. 测定了各种产物相对产率与激光能量密度和入的Cl_2分子平动能的关系. 此外, 对此气-固表面反应的机理进行了讨论。     

CCl2自由基被无机小分子猝灭的速率常数

对CCl4/Ar混合气体脉冲直流高压放电产生CCl2自由基,用541.52 nm激光将电子基态CCl2激励到A 1B1(0,4,0)振动能级上. 通过检测激发态CCl2时间分辨荧光信号,测得室温下CCl2(A 1B1和a 3B1)被O2、N2、NO、 CO2、 CS2、H2O、SO2,和SF6分子猝灭的实验结果.用我们提出的三能级模型分析处理实验数据,获得了CCl2(A 1B1)态和CCl2(a 3B1)态的碰撞猝灭速率常数kA和ka值.     

费托反应本征动力学中合成气分压对反应速率的影响

利用高通量动力学反应器测量了本征条件下钴基费托催化剂上反应物消耗速率rCO和产物生成速率rCH4随固定床床层的分布,并考察了它们在不同入口分压(p0CO,p0H2)条件下的变化.结果表明,入口氢碳比(H/C)0=p0H2/p0CO为影响速率的敏感外部变量,反应速率随(H/C)0的增加而加快;而合成气总压p0H2+CO则...     

利用TiO2/SO42-光触媒催化还原CO2之参数影响与反应路径探讨

将改良式溶胶-凝胶法制备的酸性触媒TiO2/SO24-涂布于不锈钢网上,并利用自行设计之批次式光催化反应器,在三组近紫外灯管(波长为365nm,光强度为2.0mW/cm2)照射下,进行CO2光催化还原反应操作参数(还原剂种类、CO2初始浓度和反应温度)之影响研究.结果显示,使用氢气为还原剂可获得最高的光催化还原速率,光还原反应之主要气态产物为CO和甲烷,其次为微量的乙烯与乙烷.同时,光催化还原速率亦随着CO2初始浓度及反应温度的提高而增加.FT-IR光谱分析发现,TiO2/SO42-光触媒表面有甲酸、甲醇、碳酸盐、甲酸盐及甲酸甲酯等产物之存在.TiO2/SO42-光触媒催化还原CO2有两种可能反应路径,其中一种反应路径生成CO,CH4,C2H4及C2H6等气态产物;而另一种反应路径则生成CO23a-ds,CH3OHads,HCOOa-ds,HCOOHads,HCOHads与HCOOCH3ads等吸附在光触媒表面的产物.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。