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1.
胡武洪  申伟 《化学学报》2005,63(12):1042-1048,i001
用量子化学密度泛函理论和QCISD(Quadratic configuration interaction calculation)方法,对0(^3P)与CH2CHCl的反应进行了理论研究.在UB3LYP/6—311 G(d,p),UB3LYP/6—31 (3df,3pd)计算水平上,优化了反应物、产物、中间体和过渡态的几何构型,并在UQCISD(T)/6—311 G(2df,2pO)水平上计算了单点能量.为了确证过渡态的真实性,在UB3LYP/6—311 G(3df,3pd)水平上进行了内禀坐标(IRC)计算和频率分析,并确定了反应机理.研究结果表明,反应主要产物为CH2CHO和Cl.  相似文献   

2.
亚甲基自由基(3CH2)与So反应机理的理论研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
白洪涛,黄旭日,于广涛,李吉来,于健康,孙家钟. 亚甲基自由基(3CH2)与SO反应机理的理论研究[J]. 化学学报, 2006, 64(2): 139-144.  相似文献   

3.
采用密度泛函方法,研究了大气臭氧层主要破坏物BrONO2的光解反应机理,在UB3LYP/6-311++G**水平上优化了反应物、产物、中间体和过渡态的几何构型,并在UQCISD(T)/6-311++G**水平上计算了单点能量,为了确证过渡态的真实性,在UB3LYP/6-311++G**水平上进行了内禀反应坐标(IRC)计算和频率分析.研究结果表明,BrONO2的光解反应有两条反应通道,其中生成BrO+NO2的反应活化能较小(14.89 kJ·mol-1),较易发生.  相似文献   

4.
用密度泛函理论UB3LYP/6-31G(d,p)方法研究了二甲胺自由基(CH3)2N及其质子化离子(CH3)2NH 的构象和超精细结构.在由构象研究得到的两种自由基的最稳定结构上,用密度泛函的UB3LYP和UB3PW91方法及从头计算的UHF、UMP2(FULL)方法计算了α-质子、β-质子和N核上的超精细偶合常数A(Hα)、A(Hβ)和A(N)结果表明:两种自由基中甲基内旋转的位垒均很低,分别为0.46kJ·mol-1((CH3)2NH )和2.6kJ·mol-1((CH3)2N).UB3LYP/6-31G(d,p)和UB3PW91/6-31G(d,p)计算的A(Hα)、A(Hβ)和A(N)与ESR实验结果符合得很好,UMP2/6-31G(d,p)方法的计算值与实验值符合得也较好.  相似文献   

5.
O(3P)+O2H→OH+O2反应机理的密度泛函理论研究   总被引:1,自引:3,他引:1  
用密度泛函理论方法研究了O(3P)与O2H反应生成羟基和氧分子的反应机理. 在PW91/6-31+G水平上用梯度解析技术全自由度优化上述反应物、产物和反应路径上的中间体及过渡态几何构型, 并通过频率振动分析加以确认, 计算IRC反应路径及中间体异构化过程, 确定了此反应的可能反应通道. 结果表明: 该反应是多通道多步骤的强放热反应. 首先形成顺式或反式O3H富能中间体, 此过程无能垒; 然后跨过一个能垒分解成产物OH和O2. 通道IM1→TS1比IM2→TS2克服的能垒要大, 反应放热372.822 kJ*mol-1. IM1TS3IM2 可相互转化.  相似文献   

6.
用密度泛函理论方法研究了O(3P)与O2H反应生成羟基和氧分子的反应机理.在PW91/6-31+G*水平上用梯度解析技术全自由度优化上述反应物、产物和反应路径上的中间体及过渡态几何构型,并通过频率振动分析加以确认,计算IRC反应路径及中间体异构化过程,确定了此反应的可能反应通道.结果表明:该反应是多通道多步骤的强放热反应.首先形成顺式或反式O3H富能中间体,此过程无能垒;然后跨过一个能垒分解成产物OH和O2.通道IM1→TS1比IM2→TS2克服的能垒要大,反应放热372.822kJ.mol-1.IM1TS3IM2可相互转化.  相似文献   

7.
采用DMol3程序包中的GGA-PW91方法, 结合周期平板模型, 对CH3O和CO在Pd(111)表面的反应进行了系统研究. 计算结果表明, 吸附在Pd(111)表面顶位上的CO分子中C原子所带正电荷最多, 容易与亲核试剂反应, 化学吸附能稍低, 有利于在表面上移动发生亲电插入反应; CH3O 在Pd(111)表面fcc穴位吸附稳定, O原子上所带的负电荷较多, 易被亲电试剂进攻. 过渡态搜索表明, Pd(111)表面顶位上的CO与fcc穴位上CH3O反应生成CH3OOC的为放热反应, 反应能垒较低, 有利于偶联反应的进行.  相似文献   

8.
F原子与瞬态自由基CH2SH反应的理论研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
胡正发  冯霞  王振亚  周士康 《化学学报》2002,60(10):1760-1767
用量子化学从头算和密度泛函理论(DFT)对F原子与自由基CH_2SH在势能面上 的反应进行了研究。在B3LYP/6-311G水平上计算出了各物种的优化构型、振动频率 和零点振动能(ZPVE);各物种的总能量由B3LYP/6-311 + G(2df, pd)//B3LYP/6- 311G计算,另外对反应物和产物还计算了其G3能量。结果表明:首先F通过与C或S 结合的两种途径与CH_2SH相配位,再通过H(4)原子转移形成甲基,然后甲基再旋 转,甲基中H(4)原子最终与F结合,反应产物为HF和CH_2S。反应为放热反应,分 别为ΔH_r = -370.7 kJ/mol (DFT)和-396.94 kJ/mol (G3)。此外依据计算出的反 应热,可得自由基·CH_2SH的生成热Δ_fH°_(298.15) = 146.44 kJ/mol (DFT), 而Δ_fH°_0 = 167.36 kJ/mol (G3)。它们与以前的实验和理论值是一致的。  相似文献   

9.
二重态下反应HCCO(2A″)+O2(3∑-g)的势能面理论研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
丁元庆  王超  方德彩  刘若庄 《化学学报》2004,62(15):1373-1378,FJ01
选用cc-p VDZ,cc-pVTZ基组用密度泛函方法(B3LYP)研究了基态羰游基自由基HCCO(2A″)与基态氧分子O2(3∑g^-)反应的机理,在B3LYP/cc-pVDZ优化的几何构型基础上,使用CCSD(T)/cc-pVDZ方法进行了单点能校正.此外,还采用基于B3LYP/6-31G^*几何构型及振动频率的G383理论对所有驻点进行了更精确的能量计算.结果表明,只需越过6.31kJ/mol或6.23kJ/mol的位垒,氧分子中的一个氧原子便很容易地与羰游基中紧邻氢原子的碳原子相结合得到两个总能较比反应物低88.11kJ/mol或84.85kJ/mol的开环中间体,此二开环中间体很容易发生C-C-O-C环合或C-O-O环合从而转化为更稳定的环式异构体(总能较比反应物低149.81kJ/mol和54.97kJ/mol),转化位垒分别为8.73kJ/mol和86.44kJ/mol,该二环式异构体均很容易分解为反应的最终产物H CO CO2,其它可能的通道也在本文中有所探讨。  相似文献   

10.
1CH2+N2O反应的势能面   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
利用密度泛函理论(B3LYP)计算了1CH2+N2O反应的反应物、中间体、过渡态及产物 的几何构型.进而用从头算方法(QCISD(T))计算了单点能量.由此描绘了反应的势能面, 确定了反应的最终产物通道为N2+H2CO和NO+HCN+H.后者比前者有更大的分支比.N2、H2CO 、NO、HCN的存在有待于实验检测.作者认为,反应在室温下是加成-消除机理,而在高温下 可以通过直接取代的机理获得N2+H2CO.  相似文献   

11.
基于二苯基乙二酮结构优化,在TD-B3LYP/6-31+G*水平上讨论了两个异构体在气相和液相中的吸收和发射光谱.溶液中的计算采用可极化连续介质模型.结果表明,溶剂极性增加更有利于顺式非平面构型的形成,两个异构体的T1和S1态以及顺式非平面结构的S2态都源于双羰基上的n→π*.  相似文献   

12.
All the geometries, vibrational frequencies and energies of different stationary points involved in the multi-channel reaction of the CH2CO with Cl are calculated by B3LYP/6-311++G** and the results agree with the experimental values. The vibrational mode analysis is used to elucidate the relationships of the reactant, the transition states, intermediate and the products. Through the analysis, the major reaction channel and the minor reaction channel are confirmed. A new study method of analyzing reaction mechanism is presented.  相似文献   

13.
The formations of the phosphinidene derivative HPNaF and its insertion reactions with R–H (R=F, OH, NH2, CH3) have been systematically investigated employing the density functional theory (DFT), such as the B3LYP and MPW1PW91 methods. A comparison with the results of MP2 calculations shows that MPW1PW91 underestimates the barrier heights for the four reactions considered. Similarly, the same is also true for the B3LYP method depending on the selected reactions, but by much less than MPW1PW91, where the barrier heights of the four reactions are 25.2, 85.7, 119.0, and 142.4 kJ/mol at the B3LYP/6-311+G* level of theory, respectively. All the mechanisms of the four reactions are identical to each other, i.e., an intermediate has been located during the insertion reaction. Then, the intermediate could dissociate to substituted phosphinidane(H2RP) and NaF with a barrier corresponding to their respective dissociation energies. Correspondingly, the reaction energies for the four reactions are −92.2, −68.1, −57.2, and −44.3 kJ/mol at the B3LYP/6-311+G* level of theory, respectively, where both the B3LYP and MPW1PW91 methods underestimate the reaction energies compared with the MP2 results. The linear correlations between the calculated barrier heights and the reaction energies have also been observed. As a result, the relative reactivity among the four insertion reactions should be as follows: H–F > H–OH > H–NH2 > H–CH3.  相似文献   

14.
Vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) has had a large impact on configurational studies of organic molecules largely due to the theoretical advances made by Philip Stephens and co-workers. For peptides, the structural issue is not one of the configuration, but of conformation, and the flexibility of the oligomeric structure raises major computational challenges. Turns are a vital aspect of peptide and protein conformation that allow such structures to fold into a compact unit. However, unlike helices and sheets, they are not extended repeating structures, but each residue has a different local conformation. Also, when turns are part of larger peptides their termini are connected to completely different structural elements. We have done extended comparative density functional theory (DFT) computations to characterize the expected spectral contributions of selected turn structures to the amide IR and VCD spectra of peptides. The isolated vacuum results for tri-amide turns (Ac-X-Y-NH2) of a few different sequences are compared with calculations involving correction for solvation effects. In particular, we looked at the sequence variation in spectra and structure between Ala-Ala, Aib-Gly and D-Pro-Gly for the turn-specific X–Y residues. The nature of some turn-associated, amide originating, spectral transitions are developed and tested.  相似文献   

15.
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of thiram (tetramethylthiuram disulfide), a dimethyl dithiocarbamate fungicide, were recorded after the adsorption on plasmonic silver nanowires from a system of water, organic solvent and nanoparticles. As organic solvents dichloromethane and 1-octanol were involved. A method for measuring the adsorption constant of thiram as a model molecule to the silver surface by studying its partition phenomena in a binary solvent system is presented. The method is based on the extraction of a hydrophobic molecule from an organic solvent by an aqueous suspension of silver anisotropic nanoparticles. The obtained results demonstrate the effectiveness of SERS methodology for the sensitive analysis of compounds with low aqueous solubility, and a reliable SERS spectrum of thiram was obtained with excellent signal/noise ratio at low concentrations. In addition, for vibrational assignments, Density Functional Theory (DFT) was used for the simulation of the Raman and SERS spectra of thiram and its complexes with silver considering the following two models: a single silver atom and an Ag20 cluster.  相似文献   

16.
The reaction mechanism between AlX and HX (X = Br, Cl, and F) have been characterized in detail using DFT as well as the ab initio method. The reaction yielding AlX3 and molecular hydrogen was calculated to be highly exothermic. The present calculations also show that the possible routes to the trihalides species start more favorable with the primary insertion product AlX2H than with the biadduct AlX(HX)2 one.   相似文献   

17.
    
Reaction of 5α‐cholestan‐6‐one oxime ( 1 ), its 3β‐acetoxy and 3β‐chloro analogs, 2 and 3 , respectiveley, with ClCH2CH2NH2?HCl in presence of MeONa afforded 6‐[(2‐aminoethoxy)imino]‐5α‐cholestane ( 4 ), 3β‐acetoxy‐6‐[(2‐aminoethoxy)imino]‐5α‐cholestane ( 5 ), and 6‐[(2‐aminoethoxy)imino]‐3β‐chloro‐5α‐cholestane ( 6 ), respectively. The structures of newly synthesized compounds have been established on the basis of physical, analytical, and spectral data. Theoretical calculations were assessed by using DFT at B3LYP/6‐31G* level to describe the mechanism of the reaction. The stability and feasibility of all the generated structures studied in this report were supported by their respective fundamental frequencies and energy minima.  相似文献   

18.
镱硫属化合物的密度泛函理论研究   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1  
用密度泛函理论(DFT)研究镱硫属化合物的电子结构和性质,通过与实验比较考察了现有的几种近似密度泛函公式对镧系元素化合物的适用程度和相对论效应的影响.结果表明,用DFT计算的YbO键长对实验值的偏差约为0.002nm;但得到的键能即使在考虑梯度校正和相对论效应之后,仍比实验值高,在定域密度近似基础上引入交换梯度校正使键能计算值减小,其中PW86x使键能计算值减小稍多些,结果更接近实验值;相关梯度校正使键能计算值升高.相对论效应使键长缩短0.004~0.006nm,键能减小约0.5eV.计算结果的分析表明,Yb的5d轨道和配体的np轨道间形成σ键和π键.在所研究的分子体系中,配体原子从O到Te、Yb原子的5d轨道布后数依次减少,同键能减弱的顺序一致.相对论效应使键能减小的主要原因是在成键过程中发生了Yb的6s电子向5d轨道的转移,而相对论效应使该过程能量增加.偶极矩和电荷分布的计算表明,Yb-L键以共价性为主,相对论效应使共价性成份增加.  相似文献   

19.
The structures and electronic states of a series of phenyl-capped oligothiophenes (PnTs) and their ionic species were investigated by means of the density functional theory (DFT). The calculations were performed on the oligomers formed by n repeating units, where n ranges from 2 to 6, using the B3LYP/6-31G** level of theory. The results obtained show that the end-substitution plays a fine-tuning effect on the geometries, electronics, and excitation states. It was found that the oligomers in the doped state have more satisfactory structural and electronic characteristics for the conducting polymers. The conjugated system in the doped oligomers has more aromaticity, with expanded and planar chains. The calculated energy gap values between the frontal molecular orbitals for the PnTs indicate that with increasing the oligomer chain length, the conductive band gap decreases. The calculated ?rst excitation energies of the PnTs at the TD-B3LYP/6-31G** level reveal that the doped PnTs have lower excitation energies than the neutral states. The oligomer chains with a phenyl ring as the end-capped group display red shifts in their absorption spectra. The end-caped substituted oligothiophenes display better characteristics than the unsubstituted ones. It could be anticipated that the phenyl-caped substitution would be helpful to charge-carrier hopings between chains, and thereby, enhance the conductivity.  相似文献   

20.
罗小玲  唐典勇  李明 《物理化学学报》2004,20(12):1404-1410
在B3LYP/6-31G(d, p)(Rh和P采用LANL2DZ + Polar)水平下,利用自洽反应场(SCRF)的Onsager模型,系统研究了C6H12、C6H6、THF、CH2Cl2、CH3OH和H2O(相对介电常数ε分别为2.02、2.25、7.58、8.93、32.63和78.39)六种溶剂对乙烯氢甲酰化反应中各驻点的结构和反应机理的影响.分别在上述溶剂中优化了反应物、产物、中间体和过渡态的结构,并计算了自由能和活化自由能.计算结果表明,不同溶剂对反应势能面上各驻点的结构和能量均有一定的影响,而且随着相对介电常数ε的增加,反应的活化自由能下降.水是以上六种溶剂中最佳的溶剂,这与大量的实验研究结果一致.  相似文献   

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