多维液相柱色谱

多维液相柱色谱分离分析复杂样品越来越受到重视。本文介绍了国内外多维液相柱色谱的近期发展,详细讨论了二维液相色谱的实现,其中包括固定相、流动相的选择、温度变量的作用以及两维间切换的实现,并对多维液相柱色谱的应用现状进行了总结。     

二维液相色谱接口技术

二维液相色谱具有峰容量大、分辨率高、分析速度快等优点,已经成为复杂样品分离分析的重要工具。两种分离模式的转换通常需要经过一个特殊接口来完成,接口是二维液相色谱系统的核心,也是限制二维液相色谱应用的瓶颈;两种流动相不互溶时,接口尤为重要。本文针对二维液相色谱接口技术近期的发展和应用进行总结。引用文献51篇。     

由液相色谱保留值变化规律式推荐液相色谱分离模式的研究

提出了液相色谱柱系统选择的二个基本条件,在此基础上应用统计热力学导出保留值变化规律式,建立了符合色谱柱系统选择条件的液相色谱分离模式的推荐规则,并利用色谱专家系统中液相色谱谱图库的110张谱图,对该分离模式的推荐规则进行了初步验证,结果表明二者能较好地相符。     

胶束液相色谱

胶束液相色谱(micellar liquid chromatography),又叫假相液相色谱(pseudophase liquid chromatography),使用高于临界胶束浓度(CMC)的表面活性剂溶液作流动相,代替液相色谱传统的水-有机物流动相。胶束流动相不仅具有毒性小(避免使用甲醇、乙腈)、消     

高效液相色谱/电喷雾质谱测定减肥保健品中的盐酸西布曲明

盐酸西布曲明为减肥处方药,禁止添加到保健食品中;探索了利用高效液相色谱检测盐酸西布曲明的条件,提高了检测的抗干扰能力和检测限;探索了最佳质谱条件,提高了定性分析的可靠性.所采用的方法可用于准确检测保健食品中的盐酸西布曲明.     

由液相色谱保留值变化规律式推荐液相色谱分离模式的研究

 提出了液相色谱柱系统选择的二个基本条件，在此基础上应用统计热力学导出保留值当变化规律式，建立了符合色谱柱系统选择条件的液相色谱分离模式的推荐规则，并利用色谱专家系统中液相色谱谱图库的110张谱图，对该分离模式的推荐规则进行了初步验证，结果表明二者能较好地相符。     

高效液相色谱表征高聚物*

最常用的测试高聚物的分子量和分子量分布的体积排除色谱(SEC)是高效液相色谱 (HPLC)的一个重要分支,HPLC的另一个重要分支是相互作用液相色谱, 它是20世纪90年代开始用于高分子分离和表征的研究领域。相互作用液相色谱可以根据高分子的化学结构（如共混物组成、共聚物组成、端基）来分离,它比SEC 有更高的分离效率。本文介绍了高聚物液相色谱的分离模式,并就高聚物体积排除色谱、相互作用液相色谱、临界液相色谱和全二维液相色谱用于分离和表征高聚物的研究进展进行了较系统的综述,并对该技术目前存在的问题和今后可能的发展前景进行了探讨。     

水样中农药残留的液相色谱检测

综述了近十五年来液相色谱分析方法在环境水中农药残留分析中的应用,对各种常用的在线和离线样品预浓缩技术、检测器以及液相色谱与质谱等仪器的联用进行了讨论,并对液相色谱在农药残留分析中的应用前景进行了评价。     

模型与统计在液相色谱开发中的应用

高效液相色谱法是现代分析中最常用的分离分析技术,色谱柱的分类和选择是分析方法开发和验证的重要组成部分。本文主要对近年来数学模型和统计在色谱开发中的应用进展进行综述,包括色谱柱表征数据库和定量结构保留关系模型的改进与应用、计算机技术对于色谱开发领域的推进、色谱柱表征体系在色谱柱选择中的最新应用以及超高压液相色谱柱的模型研究进展,并对计算机技术结合分子模拟、人工神经网络在色谱开发中的应用前景进行展望。     

中药物质基础的高效液相色谱分离分析方法研究

高效液相色谱方法已成为中药物质基础研究的重要手段．在中药质量控制、中药标准品制备、活性化合物发现等方面发挥着不可替代的作用．然而我们的实验数据表明,一个中药材可能包含上万个化合物．中药物质基础的复杂性对高效液相色谱方法提出了巨大挑战．本文针对液相色谱方法在中药物质基础分离分析中存在的问题与难点,结合红花、黄连、姜黄三味药材样品,从亲水色谱分离模式、新型色谱固定相、二维液相色谱分离系统和液相色谱质谱联用技术等方面讨论了液相色谱的分离分析方法和发展方向．结果表明,高效液相色谱新技术新方法在中药复杂体系的分离分析中具有很大的发展潜力和应用前景．     

Liquid Ion-Selective Electrodes for Determining Nonionic Surfactants

It was shown that nonionic surfactants (NS) can be determined by potentiometry using liquid NS-selective electrodes. The effect of medium acidity and foreign substances on the operation of liquid NS-selective electrodes was studied. Some properties of NS-selective electrodes were determined.     

Liquid crystals purity assay using nonaqueous capillary electrokinetic chromatography

A method for purity control of newly synthesized lactic acid–based liquid crystals has been developed. The electrokinetic chromatography proved to be suitable for the separation of these electroneutral substances from their impurities. The separations were performed in an acidic acetonitrile-based background electrolyte (BGE) with a pseudostationary phase formed by a cationic surfactant. During the optimization step, appropriate concentrations of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, acetic acid, and water were seeked. In the optimized method, separations were carried out in acetonitrile with 1-mol/L acetic acid, 80-mmol/L cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, and 6% (v/v) water. Interesting positive effects of a small water content in the BGE on electroosmotic flow and resolution of liquid crystal substances from their impurities were observed and discussed. Samples of five liquid crystal substances, both pure and containing impurities from synthesis, were analyzed. The identification of analytes was based on a comparison of relative migration times related to the migration time of mesityl oxide. For all five samples, impurities were separated from the liquid crystals and the method thus showed its viability. To the best of our knowledge, this method is used for the first time for the purity control of newly synthesized liquid crystals. This method can be used to confirm or complement the results obtained by commonly used high-performance liquid chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography methods. Furthermore, the electrokinetic chromatography method requires very small amounts of sample, solvents, and buffer constituents. Overall, its operational costs are significantly lower.     

高效液相色谱-质谱联用分析无患子中的表面活性物质

 应用高效液相色谱和大气压电离质谱联用技术 ,分离分析了无患子果皮中的表面活性成分。根据质谱结果确定其相对分子质量 ,根据源内的碰撞诱导解离 (CID)技术产生的碎片初步推测表面活性物质的结构 ,发现了数个未见文献报道的组分。     

仿生溶致液晶体系的构建与掺杂

本文综述了以类脂为基础的仿生溶致液晶体系的构建与掺杂,对掺杂物质与液晶模板之间的相互作用进行了分析,并展望了仿生溶致液晶体系在合成新型功能材料、生物学和医学等领域应用的发展前景。     

芦丁在离子液体双水相中分配性能

建立了室温离子液体四氟硼酸1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑([Bmim]BF4)和NaH2PO4组成的双水相萃取体系并用于对芦丁的萃取分离研究。考察了离子液体用量、芦丁的浓度、盐的加入量、溶液酸度和加入其它物质对芦丁在两相中分配的影响。结果表明,离子液在1.0~2.5 mL,磷酸二氢钠加入量在1.0~2.0 g,加入卢丁溶液0.5~2.5 mL,酸度在pH值为2~7范围,卢丁在离子液体双水相体系中有较高的萃取率(E%>90)。除阳离子表面活性剂外,其余大部分物质不影响相比和卢丁的测定。离子液相中卢丁的最大吸收波长为358 nm,与乙醇水溶液中比较,最大吸收波长发生紫移,表明离子液与卢丁发生了作用。利用离子液体双水相体系,测定了银杏叶中卢丁的含量。     

Mechanisms of the Diffusion of Nonpolar Substances in a Hydrophilic Ionic Liquid

The structural-dynamic features of ionic liquid-nonpolar substance systems are studied by means of molecular dynamics using Frenkel’s fundamental theory of a liquid and the phonon theory of the thermodynamics of a liquid, in combination with the DL_POLY_4.05 software package. Argon, methane, and benzene molecules serve as the dissolved substances. Model concepts are proposed and analyzed to describe the diffusion of molecules of a dissolved substance in an ionic liquid. It is shown that an increase in the mass of the molecules of a dissolved nonpolar substance correlates with their mobility in a hydrophilic ionic liquid (IL). This determines the diffusion of the components of dmim⁺/Cl^? IL solutions and is responsible for the anomalous behavior of the solubility of nonpolar substances in them.     

Preparative Monolithic Silica Sorbents (PrepRODs™) and Their Use in Preparative Liquid Chromatography

The use of monolithic silica sorbents for the isolation of substances by preparative liquid chromatography is demonstrated. Preparative liquid chromatography is recognized as a valuable technique for the isolation and purification of substances in the pharmaceutical and fine chemicals industry. The system technology has meanwhile reached a high standard, and the greatest future improvements are expected to arise from new and improved adsorbents. Monolithic silica sorbents offer some unique features for preparative liquid chromatography. They exhibit high efficiencies even at high flow rates due to their fast convective mass transfer and can therefore be used at very high mobile phase velocities, leading to high productivity and hence to maximum process economy. The benefits of this new type of adsorbent are illustrated for an example in batch‐chromatographic mode and an example using the continuous simulated moving bed (SMB) technology.     

反相离子对色谱/蒸发光散射检测器分离唑来膦酸及其有关物质

采用反相离子对高效液相色谱／蒸发光散射检测法研究了唑来膦酸及其有关物质的色谱分析与分离方法。优化了色谱条件，固定相为Hypersil C8柱，以含10 mmol／L正戊胺的5mmol／L乙酸铵缓冲液（用乙酸调节pH至7．0）-甲醇（体积比为97：3）为流动相，流速为1．0mL/min，蒸发光散射检测器检测。在该色谱条件下，唑来膦酸与其有关化合物（包括合成过程中残余的原料咪唑乙酸及分解产物亚磷酸、磷酸盐）的分离良好，唑来膦酸色谱峰与最近杂质峰的分离度大于1．5。本法简便快速，为唑来膦酸的常规分析提供了有效可靠的方法。     

反相高效液相色谱负峰测定法的研究

用HPLC紫外检测器研究了无紫外吸收化合物的负峰测试法,探讨了负峰测试法的原理。通过对乙酸酯系列的5种样品的分析,确定了负峰测定的基本色谱条件,考察了乙酸酯系列测定的灵敏度、精密度、检出限和线性范围。该法为一些在紫外区无吸收或弱吸收物质的色谱分析提供了一种简捷、方便的手段和色谱机理研究的新方法。同常规的采用正峰测试样品的方法相比较,负峰法应用范围更宽,能使紫外检测器变为一种更通用的检测器。     

Reactivity in Cleavage of Dimethoxybenzenes by Sodium in Liquid Ammonia

The sodium/liquid ammonia cleavage of the dimethoxybenzenes and related substances, reported in large part by Birch in 1947, has been re-examined with use of improved techniques. Remarkable patterns of reactivity (e.g., ortho > meta > para) that he described are confirmed and extended. They are agreeably rationalized by means of a simple, approximate adaptation from MO theory.