On equations defining Veronese rings

For a standard graded noetherian algebra S that is of weakly linear type, the defining equations of the Veronesian subrings S^(d) are described explicitly, for d sufficiently large. Received: 19 January 2005     

Mod 2 indecomposable orthogonal invariants

Over an algebraically closed base field k of characteristic 2, the ring R^G of invariants is studied, G being the orthogonal group O(n) or the special orthogonal group SO(n) and acting naturally on the coordinate ring R of the m-fold direct sum kⁿ⊕?⊕kⁿ of the standard vector representation. It is proved for O(n) (n?2) and for SO(n) (n?3) that there exist m-linear invariants with m arbitrarily large that are indecomposable (i.e., not expressible as polynomials in invariants of lower degree). In fact, they are explicitly constructed for all possible values of m. Indecomposability of corresponding invariants over immediately follows. The constructions rely on analysing the Pfaffian of the skew-symmetric matrix whose entries above the diagonal are the scalar products of the vector variables.     

Equivariant deformations of the affine multicone over a flag variety

We prove that the invariant Hilbert scheme parameterising the equivariant deformations of the affine multicone over a flag variety is, under certain hypotheses, an affine space. More specifically, we obtain that the isomorphism classes of equivariant deformations of such a multicone are in correspondence with the orbits of a well-determined wonderful variety.     

Invariant equations defining coincident root loci

Let F(x) = xⁿ+₁ x^n-1+₂ x^n-2+ ··· +_n be a polynomial with complex coefficients, and suppose we are given a partition (₁,...,_r) of n. It is a classical problem to determine explicit algebraic conditions on the _i so that F may have roots with multiplicities ₁,...,_r. We give an invariant theoretic solution to this problem, to wit, we exhibit a set of covariants of F whose vanishing is a necessary and sufficient condition. The construction of such covariants is combinatorial, and involves associating a set of graphs on n vertices (called decisive graphs) to each .Received: 28 September 2003     

The subregular variety to the variety of special lattices

We recall the basic geometric properties of the full lattice variety, the projective variety parametrizing special lattices over Witt vectors which was introduced in Haboush (2005) [6]. It is an analog in unequal characteristic, of a certain Schubert variety in the affine Grassmannian for , and it is normal and a locally complete intersection (Haboush and Sano, submitted for publication [7], Sano (2004) [15]). In this paper, I prove that the complement of its smooth locus, the subregular variety in it, is also normal and a locally complete intersection. The result is analogous to the geometry of the subregular subvariety of the nilpotent cone.     

Hermitian matrices with a bounded number of eigenvalues

Conjugation covariants of matrices are applied to study the real algebraic variety consisting of complex Hermitian matrices with a bounded number of distinct eigenvalues. A minimal generating system of the vanishing ideal of degenerate three by three Hermitian matrices is given, and the structure of the corresponding coordinate ring as a module over the special unitary group is determined. The method applies also for degenerate real symmetric three by three matrices. For arbitrary n   partial information on the minimal degree component of the vanishing ideal of the variety of n×n$n\times n$ Hermitian matrices with a bounded number of eigenvalues is obtained, and some known results on sum of squares presentations of subdiscriminants of real symmetric matrices are extended to the case of complex Hermitian matrices.     

Reduced class groups grafting relative invariants

Let (X,T) be a regular stable conical action of an algebraic torus on an affine normal conical variety X defined over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero. We define a certain subgroup of Cl(X//T) and characterize its finiteness in terms of a finite T-equivariant Galois descent of X. Consequently we show that the action (X,T) is equidimensional if and only if there exists a T-equivariant finite Galois covering such that is cofree. Moreover the order of is controlled by a certain subgroup of Cl(X). The present result extends thoroughly the equivalence of equidimensionality and cofreeness of (X,T) for a factorial X. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate orders of divisor classes associated to modules of relative invariants for a Krull domain with a group action. This is useful in studying on equidimensional torus actions as above. The generalization of R.P. Stanley?s criterion for freeness of modules of relative invariants plays an important role in showing key assertions.     

Graphical operations on projective spaces

Motivated by the work of Crapo and Rota [6] on the lifting of a projective complex, we introduce a class of invariant operations associated to integral-weighted graphs, which we call graphical operations. Such operations generalize the sixth harmonic of a quadranguler set on a projective line. We determine the expansion of the graphical operations in terms of multi-linear bracket polynomials in a Grassmann-Cayley algebra. Reducibility and compositions of such invariant operations are also investigated with a number of examples.Supported by Courant Instructorship, New York University.     

Relative equidimensionality and stability of actions¶of a reductive algebraic group

In order to inquire into invariants of non-semisimple groups, we introduce and study relative versions of equidimensionality and stabilty, which are called relative quasi-equidimensionality and relative stability, of actions of affine algebraic groups, especially of reductive groups, on affine varieties. As an application of our results, for complex reductive groups of semisimple rank one, we characterize, respectively, relatively stable representations and relatively equidimensional representations and, consequently, show that every equidimensional representation is cofree. Received: 23 October 1998     

On the variety parameterizing completely decomposable polynomials

The purpose of this paper is to relate the variety parameterizing completely decomposable homogeneous polynomials of degree d in n+1 variables on an algebraically closed field, called , with the Grassmannian of (n−1)-dimensional projective subspaces of P^n+d−1. We compute the dimension of some secant varieties to . Moreover by using an invariant embedding of the Veronese variety into the Plücker space, we are able to compute the intersection of G(n−1,n+d−1) with , some of its secant varieties, the tangential variety and the second osculating space to the Veronese variety.     

Effective Pólya semi-positivity for non-negative polynomials on the simplex

We consider homogeneous polynomials f∈R[_x1,…,_xn]$f\in \mathbb{R}[x_1,\dots ,x_n]$ which are non-negative on the standard simplex in Rⁿ${\mathbb{R}}^n$, and we obtain sufficient conditions for such an f   to be Pólya semi-positive, that is, all the coefficients of (_x1+?+_xn)^Nf$(x_1+?+x_n{)}^{N}f$ are non-negative for all sufficiently large positive integers N. Such sufficient conditions are expressed in terms of the vanishing orders of the monomial terms of f along the faces of the simplex. Our result also gives effective estimates on N   under such conditions. Moreover, we also show that any Pólya semi-positive polynomial necessarily satisfies a slightly weaker condition. In particular, our results lead to a simple characterization of the Pólya semi-positive polynomials in the low dimensional case when n?3$n?3$ as well as the case (in any dimension) when the zero set of the polynomial in the simplex consists of a finite number of points. We also discuss an application to the representations of non-homogeneous polynomials which are non-negative on a general simplex.     

Orbits of parabolic subgroups on metabelian ideals

Let k be an algebraically closed field, t∈Z?1, and let B be the Borel subgroup of GLt(k) consisting of upper-triangular matrices. Let Q be a parabolic subgroup of GLt(k) that contains B and such that the Lie algebra qu of the unipotent radical of Q is metabelian, i.e. the derived subalgebra of qu is abelian. For a dimension vector with , we obtain a parabolic subgroup P(d) of GLn(k) from B by taking upper-triangular block matrices with (i,j) block of size di×dj. In a similar manner we obtain a parabolic subgroup Q(d) of GLn(k) from Q. We determine all instances when P(d) acts on qu(d) with a finite number of orbits for all dimension vectors d. Our methods use a translation of the problem into the representation theory of certain quasi-hereditary algebras. In the finite cases, we use Auslander-Reiten theory to explicitly determine the P(d)-orbits; this also allows us to determine the degenerations of P(d)-orbits.     

Atoms of the set of numerical semigroups with fixed Frobenius number

Given a positive integer g, we denote by F(g) the set of all numerical semigroups with Frobenius number g. The set (F(g),∩) is a semigroup. In this paper we study the generators of this semigroup.     

Isomonodromic differential equations and differential categories

We study isomonodromicity of systems of parameterized linear differential equations and related conjugacy properties of linear differential algebraic groups by means of differential categories. We prove that isomonodromicity is equivalent to isomonodromicity with respect to each parameter separately under a filtered-linearly closed assumption on the field of functions of parameters. Our result implies that one does not need to solve any non-linear differential equations to test isomonodromicity anymore. This result cannot be further strengthened by weakening the requirement on the parameters as we show by giving a counterexample. Also, we show that isomonodromicity is equivalent to conjugacy to constants of the associated parameterized differential Galois group, extending a result of P. Cassidy and M. Singer, which we also prove categorically. We illustrate our main results by a series of examples, using, in particular, a relation between the Gauss–Manin connection and parameterized differential Galois groups.     

On iteration of Cox rings

We characterize all varieties with a torus action of complexity one that admit iteration of Cox rings.     

On Waringʼs problem for systems of skew-symmetric forms

This paper is devoted to a problem of finding the smallest positive integer s(m,n,k)$s(m,n,k)$ such that (m+1)$(m+1)$ generic skew-symmetric (k+1)$(k+1)$-forms in (n+1)$(n+1)$ variables as linear combinations of the same s(m,n,k)$s(m,n,k)$ decomposable skew-symmetric (k+1)$(k+1)$-forms.     

Rationality problem of GL4 group actions

Let K be any field which may not be algebraically closed, V be a four-dimensional vector space over K, σ∈GL(V) where the order of σ may be finite or infinite, f(T)∈K[T] be the characteristic polynomial of σ. Let α, αβ₁, αβ₂, αβ₃ be the four roots of f(T)=0 in some extension field of K.Theorem 1.BothK(V)^〈σ〉andare rational (=purelytranscendental) overKif at least one of the following conditions is satisfied: (i) charK=2, (ii) f(T) is a reducible or inseparable polynomial inK[T], (iii) not all ofβ₁,β₂,β₃are roots of unity, (iv) iff(T) is separable irreducible, then the Galois group off(T) overKis not isomorphic to the dihedral group of order 8 or the Klein four group.Theorem 2.Suppose that allβ_iare roots of unity andf(T)∈K[T] is separable irreducible. (a) If the Galois group off(T) is isomorphic to the dihedral group of order 8, then bothK(V)^〈σ〉andare not stably rational overK. (b) When the Galois group off(T) is isomorphic to the Klein four group, then a necessary and sufficient condition for rationality ofK(V)^〈σ〉andis provided. (See Theorem 1.5. for details.)