Matrix regular operator space and operator system

We establish a relationship between Schreiner's matrix regular operator space and Werner's (nonunital) operator system. For a matrix ordered operator space V with complete norm, we show that V is completely isomorphic and complete order isomorphic to a matrix regular operator space if and only if both V and its dual space V^∗ are (nonunital) operator systems.     

On the Schröder–Bernstein property for modules

The well known Schröder–Bernstein Theorem states that any two sets with one to one maps into each other are isomorphic. The question of whether any two (subisomorphic or) direct summand subisomorphic algebraic structures are isomorphic, has long been of interest. Kaplansky asked whether direct summands subisomorphic abelian groups are always isomorphic? The question generated a great deal of interest. The study of this question for the general class of modules has been somewhat limited. We extend the study of this question for modules in this paper. We say that a module Msatisfies the Schröder–Bernstein property (S-B property) if any two direct summands of M which are subisomorphic to direct summands of each other, are isomorphic. We show that a large number of classes of modules satisfy the S-B property. These include the classes of quasi-continuous, directly finite, quasi-discrete and modules with ACC on direct summands. It is also shown that over a Noetherian ring R, every extending module satisfies the S-B property. Among applications, it is proved that the class of rings R for which every R-module satisfies the S-B property is precisely that of pure-semisimple rings. We show that over a commutative domain R, any two quasi-continuous subisomorphic R-modules are isomorphic if and only if R is a PID. We study other conditions related to the S-B property and obtain characterizations of certain classes of rings via those conditions. Examples which delimit and illustrate our results are provided.     

A Morita theorem for dual operator algebras

We prove that two dual operator algebras are weak^∗ Morita equivalent in the sense of [D.P. Blecher, U. Kashyap, Morita equivalence of dual operator algebras, J. Pure Appl. Algebra 212 (2008) 2401-2412] if and only if they have equivalent categories of dual operator modules via completely contractive functors which are also weak^∗-continuous on appropriate morphism spaces. Moreover, in a fashion similar to the operator algebra case, we characterize such functors as the module normal Haagerup tensor product with an appropriate weak^∗ Morita equivalence bimodule. We also develop the theory of the W^∗-dilation, which connects the non-selfadjoint dual operator algebra with the W^∗-algebraic framework. In the case of weak^∗ Morita equivalence, this W^∗-dilation is a W^∗-module over a von Neumann algebra generated by the non-selfadjoint dual operator algebra. The theory of the W^∗-dilation is a key part of the proof of our main theorem.     

Reynolds operator on functors

Let be an affine R-monoid scheme. We prove that the category of dual functors (over the category of commutative R-algebras) of G-modules is equivalent to the category of dual functors of A^∗-modules. We prove that G is invariant exact if and only if A^∗=R×B^∗ as R-algebras and the first projection A^∗→R is the unit of A. If M is a dual functor of G-modules and w_G?(1,0)∈R×B^∗=A^∗, we prove that M^G=w_G⋅M and M=w_G⋅M⊕(1−w_G)⋅M; hence, the Reynolds operator can be defined on M.     

Rank varieties for Hopf algebras

We construct rank varieties for the Drinfeld double of the Taft algebra Λ_n and for u_q(sl₂). For the Drinfeld double when n=2 this uses a result which identifies a family of subalgebras that control projectivity of Λ-modules whenever Λ is a Hopf algebra satisfying a certain homological condition. In this case we show that our rank variety is homeomorphic to the cohomological support variety. We also show that Ext^∗(M,M) is finitely generated over the cohomology ring of the Drinfeld double for any finitely generated module M.     

Some properties of sharp Hessenberg pairs

Let F denote a field and let V denote a vector space over F with finite positive dimension. We consider an ordered pair of F-linear transformations A:V→V and A^∗:V→V that satisfy the following conditions: (i) each of A,A^∗ is diagonalizable on V; (ii) there exists an ordering of the eigenspaces of A such that A^∗V_i⊆V₀+V₁+?+V_i+1 for 0?i?d, where V_-1:=0 and V_d+1:=0; (iii) there exists an ordering of the eigenspaces of A^∗ such that for 0?i?δ, where and . We call such a pair a Hessenberg pair on V. It is known that if the Hessenberg pair A,A^∗ on V is irreducible then d=δ and for 0?i?d the dimensions of V_i and coincide. We say a Hessenberg pair A,A^∗ on V is sharp whenever it is irreducible and .In this paper, we give the definitions of a Hessenberg system and a sharp Hessenberg system. We discuss the connection between a Hessenberg pair and a Hessenberg system. We also define a finite sequence of scalars called the parameter array for a sharp Hessenberg system, which consists of the eigenvalue sequence, the dual eigenvalue sequence and the split sequence. We calculate the split sequence of a sharp Hessenberg system. We show that a sharp Hessenberg pair is a tridiagonal pair if and only if there exists a nonzero nondegenerate bilinear form on V that satisfies 〈Au,v〉=〈u,Av〉 and 〈A^∗u,v〉=〈u,A^∗v〉 for all u,v∈V.     

Unique addition modules

LetV be a module over a ring R. We define V to be a unique addition module (UAM) if it is not possible to change the addition of V without changing the action of R on V. If R is a domain such that 1 is not the only unit in R and V is a torsion-free i2-module, then we show that V is a UAM if and only if V has rank 1 (or if V={0}). We also classify finitely generated unique addition modules over commutative Artinian rings.     

Local rings whose modules are almost serial

The present paper is a sequel to our previous work on almost uniserial rings and modules, which appeared in the Journal of Algebra in 2016; it studies rings over which every (left and right) module is almost serial. A module is almost uniserial if any two of its submodules are either comparable in inclusion or isomorphic. And a module is almost serial if it is a direct sum of almost uniserial modules. The results of the paper are inspired by a characterization of Artinian serial rings as rings having all left (or right) modules serial. We prove that if R is a local ring and all left R-modules are almost serial then R is an Artinian ring which is uniserial either on the left or on the right. We also produce a connection between local rings having all left and right modules almost serial, local balanced rings studied by Dlab and Ringel and local Köthe rings. Finally we prove Morita invariance of the almost serial property and list some consequences.     

Irreducible weight modules for the Virasoro-like algebra and its q-analog

In this paper, using Larsson’s functor with irreducible 𝔰𝔩₂-modules V, we construct a class of ?²-graded modules for the Virasoro-like algebra and its q-analogs. We determine the irreducibility of these modules for finite-dimensional or infinite-dimensional V using a unified method. In particular, these modules provide new irreducible weight modules with infinite-dimensional weight spaces for the corresponding algebras.     

Hopf subalgebras and tensor powers of generalized permutation modules

By means of a certain module V$V$ and its tensor powers in a finite tensor category, we study a question of whether the depth of a Hopf subalgebra R$R$ of a finite-dimensional Hopf algebra H$H$ is finite. The module V$V$ is the counit representation induced from R$R$ to H$H$, which is then a generalized permutation module, as well as a module coalgebra. We show that if in the subalgebra pair either Hopf algebra has finite representation type, or V$V$ is either semisimple with R^∗$R^{\ast }$ pointed, projective, or its tensor powers satisfy a Burnside ring formula over a finite set of Hopf subalgebras including R$R$, then the depth of R$R$ in H$H$ is finite. One assigns a nonnegative integer depth to V$V$, or any other H$H$-module, by comparing the truncated tensor algebras of V$V$ in a finite tensor category and so obtains upper and lower bounds for depth of a Hopf subalgebra. For example, a relative Hopf restricted module has depth 1, and a permutation module of a corefree subgroup has depth less than the number of values of its character.     

Finitistic n-Self-Cotilting Modules

We study a class of modules which can be characterized using a duality theorem, called finitistic n-self-cotilting. Such a module Q can be characterized using dual conditions of some generalizations for star modules: every module M which has a right resolution with n terms isomorphic to finite powers of Q (i.e., M is n-finitely Q-copresented) has a right resolution with (n + 1) terms, and the functor Hom _R (?, Q) preserves the exactness of all monomorphisms with their ranges finite powers of Q and cokernels n-finitely Q-copresented modules. In the general case, these modules are independent toward other kinds of modules which are characterized using some dualities (w-Π _f -quasi injective modules, costar modules, f-cotilting modules). Closure properties for the classes involved in the duality are studied. At the end of the article, connections with the cotilting theory are exhibited, in the case of finitely dimensional algebras over fields.     

Koszul duality in deformation quantization and Tamarkin's approach to Kontsevich formality

Let α be a quadratic Poisson bivector on a vector space V. Then one can also consider α as a quadratic Poisson bivector on the vector space V^∗[1]. Fixed a universal deformation quantization (prediction of some complex weights to all Kontsevich graphs [12]), we have deformation quantization of the both algebras S(V^∗) and Λ(V). These are graded quadratic algebras, and therefore Koszul algebras. We prove that for some universal deformation quantization, independent on α, these two algebras are Koszul dual. We characterize some deformation quantizations for which this theorem is true in the framework of the Tamarkin's theory [19].     

Hopf structures on ambiskew polynomial rings

We derive necessary and sufficient conditions for an ambiskew polynomial ring to have a Hopf algebra structure of a certain type. This construction generalizes many known Hopf algebras, for example U(sl₂), U_q(sl₂) and the enveloping algebra of the three-dimensional Heisenberg Lie algebra. In a torsion-free case we describe the finite-dimensional simple modules, in particular their dimensions, and prove a Clebsch-Gordan decomposition theorem for the tensor product of two simple modules. We construct a Casimir type operator and prove that any finite-dimensional weight module is semisimple.     

Unitary groups of nondegenerate Hermitian forms and the homotopy groups of pseudospheres

The Witt Extension Theorem states that the unitary group of a finite-dimensional vector space V equipped with a nondegenerate hermitian form acts transitively on the pseudosphere induced by the form. We provide a new, constructive proof of this result for finite-dimensional vector spaces V over R, C, or H. This constructive proof is then used to prove a similar result for the unitary group of a finitely generated free right module over an abelian AW^∗-algebra. The topology of these unitary groups is examined and as an application we determine the homotopy groups π₁ and π₂ of the induced real, complex, and quaternionic pseudospheres.     

On the classification problem of the quasi-isomorphism classes of free chain algebras

The present paper is devoted to the classification problem of the quasi-isomorphism classes of free differential graded algebras (dgas) over a (P.I.D) R. We introduce the notion of coherent homomorphisms, perfect and quasi-perfect dgas (the Adams-Hilton model of simply connected CW-complex such that H_∗(X,R) is free is a such a dga) and our first main result asserts that two perfect (quasi-perfect) dgas are quasi-isomorphic if and only if their Whitehead exact sequences are coherently isomorphic. Moreover we define the notion of a strong isomorphism between the Whitehead exact sequences and we show that two free R-dgas, of which their Whitehead exact sequences are strongly isomorphic, are quasi-isomorphic.     

Direct summands of direct sums of modules whose endomorphism rings have two maximal right ideals

Let M₁,…,M_n be right modules over a ring R. Suppose that the endomorphism ring of each module M_i has at most two maximal right ideals. Is it true that every direct summand of M₁⊕?⊕M_n is a direct sum of modules whose endomorphism rings also have at most two maximal right ideals? We show that the answer is negative in general, but affirmative under further hypotheses. The endomorphism ring of uniserial modules, that is, the modules whose lattice of submodules is linearly ordered under inclusion, always has at most two maximal right ideals, and Pavel P?íhoda showed in 2004 that the answer to our question is affirmative for direct sums of finitely many uniserial modules.     

Irreducible <Emphasis Type="Italic">A</Emphasis><Stack><Subscript>1</Subscript><Superscript>(1)</Superscript></Stack>-modules from modules over two-dimensional non-abelian Lie algebra

For any module V over the two-dimensional non-abelian Lie algebra b and scalar α ∈ C, we define a class of weight modules F ^α (V) with zero central charge over the affine Lie algebra A ₁ ⁽¹⁾ . These weight modules have infinitedimensional weight spaces if and only if V is infinite dimensional. In this paper, we will determine necessary and sufficient conditions for these modules F ^α(V) to be irreducible. In this way, we obtain a lot of irreducible weight A ₁ ⁽¹⁾ -modules with infinite-dimensional weight spaces.     

Homoclinic solutions for a class of the second order Hamiltonian systems

We study the existence of homoclinic orbits for the second order Hamiltonian system , where q∈Rⁿ and V∈C¹(R×Rⁿ,R), V(t,q)=-K(t,q)+W(t,q) is T-periodic in t. A map K satisfies the “pinching” condition b₁|q|²?K(t,q)?b₂|q|², W is superlinear at the infinity and f is sufficiently small in L²(R,Rⁿ). A homoclinic orbit is obtained as a limit of 2kT-periodic solutions of a certain sequence of the second order differential equations.