高密度比多介质可压缩流动的PPM方法

介绍一种基于流体体积分数模型的界面捕捉方法,数值模拟高密度比及含强激波的多介质可压缩流动.将PPM方法应用到多介质体积分数形式的Euler方程组,用双波近似求解一般刚性气体状态方程Riemann问题,可方便处理界面强剪切的滑移线问题,并给出了水下激波和气泡相互作用以及多相Richtmyer Meshkov不稳定性的计算结果.     

斜激波与有扰界面相互作用的数值模拟

本工作应用多流体体积分数模型，采用高分辨率PPM格式数值模拟斜激波加速有扰界面过程。侧重对比不同扰动振幅无量纲数条件下，激波加速导致快／慢界面演化的差别，并从斜压项分布差别的角度，分析涡量沉积的规律。对应不同扰动振幅无量纲数，发现了一些涡量在界面沉积及界面演化的有趣的现象。定义扰动振幅无量纲数a／L。口为扰动振幅，L是界面长度。计算的3个扰动振幅无量纲数分别为0．0，0．052，0．104。对应不同时间序列60，120，180，240，300μs，计算给出了分别对应扰动振幅无量纲数为0．0，0．052，0．104的密度、涡量、斜压项等值线图。     

Van der Waals状态方程可压缩多流体流动的PPM方法

基于流体体积分数的混合型多流体数值模型,将Piecewise Parabolic Method（PPM）方法应用于可压缩多流体流动的数值模拟,采用双波近似求解多流体van der Waals状态方程的Riemann问题．模拟高密度比且含有激波的可压缩多流体流动,典型的纯界面平移问题模拟结果表明,在接触间断的界面附近,压力和速度没有任何的振荡且界面数值耗散都被控制在2—3个网格之内;一维和二维算例表明,该数值方法可以有效地处理接触间断、激波和多维滑移线等物理问题,并能够比其它多流体数值方法更精细地模拟多流体交界面．     

一维多介质可压缩流动数值方法

应用高精度界面追踪方法计算一般状态方程的多介质可压缩流动问题;应用LevelSet技术捕捉界面位置,在界面附近采用守恒数值离散,用双波近似求解一般状态方程Riemann问题,并采用统一高阶PPM格式进行内点和交界面点的计算.一维算例表明,该方法对于光滑区域以及多介质交界面具有二阶精度,能准确地模拟交界面的位置,交界面计算无数值振荡和数值耗散,并能处理一般状态方程的多介质可压缩流动问题.     

ρ-VOF:一种可清晰模拟自由界面的两相流方法

文章通过对EFM(effective field modeling)模型进行简化, 消除了原模型的非守恒性项和非双曲性特性项, 发展了一种基于密度的气液两相流模拟方法: ρ-VOF方法.利用体积分数信息对控制单元内的自由界面进行重构, 得到了控制单元内流体的空间分布, 并采用AUSM+-up格式获得考虑气液流体接触间断信息的对流通量.新方法可统一处理激波间断和接触间断的相互作用, 保持自由界面的尖锐性, 并且其计算量与自由界面的空间复杂度无关.最后, 数值模拟了液体激波管气液激波管和气体激波跨二维液滴传播等问题, 并与文献结果进行对比, 验证了本方法在气液两相流模拟中的准确性.      

基于PPM的界面压缩方法研究

高精度多组分分段抛物线法(Piecewise Parabolic Method,PPM)在对可压缩多相流问题进行模拟计算时,在不同组分交界面上存在界面扩散。为此,通过引入包含界面压缩和密度修正的人工界面压缩方法,抑制界面扩散现象。采用一个界面函数表示运动的物质界面,在多组分质量守恒方程和输运方程中添加考虑人工压缩和人工黏性的压缩源项,并在伪时间内采用二阶中心差分法和两步Runge-Kutta方法进行离散求解,采用Strang型分裂格式实现了整体算法的时间二阶精度。一维与二维数值模拟试验表明,结合人工界面压缩之后的PPM能有效抑制界面上数值扩散问题,在长时间的数值模拟中,人工界面压缩能够将扩散界面厚度维持在一定网格之内且保持界面形状不改变,尤其对于涉及稀疏波的问题,如激波引起的水中气泡坍塌,界面压缩效果更为显著。     

激波冲击V形界面重气体导致的壁面与旋涡作用及其对湍流混合的影响

基于多组分混合物质量分数模型,采用色散最小耗散可控的高分辨率有限体积方法,数值模拟了弱激波冲击V形空气/SF_6界面后,界面不稳定性生成的旋涡与固体壁面作用问题.激波冲击V形界面之后,因斜压效应诱导涡量沉积在界面附近,形成沿界面规则排列的多个涡对结构.旋涡的诱导作用使界面不断变形和卷起,同时旋涡之间不断发生相互并对,诱导更多更小尺度的旋涡产生.旋涡诱导作用的叠加效应,使界面尖端处的初始涡对向上下壁面发展.随后,涡结构开始与壁面发生复杂的相互作用.旋涡与壁面作用后沿壁面加速,使得物质界面沿壁面伸展,随后,旋涡从壁面回弹,并诱导二次旋涡产生.旋涡与壁面相互作用的过程,能够明显加剧物质混合.本文从物质混合的角度研究了该过程的机理,分析了旋涡与壁面作用对物质混合的影响.     

斜激波与物质界面相互作用的数值模拟

当斜激波与多种物质分界面相互作用时，会出现Richtmyer-meshkov不稳定性现象，以及由于斜压性导致的涡量产生。研究激波与物质界面相互作用在燃料混合和激光质性约束聚变方面有着重要意义。有研究平面界面扰动演化的实验，研究柱面和球面界面的实验。数值模拟方面的研究也有很多。但激波与界面相互作用的理论研究很不完善，如Richtmyer。提出的不稳定性线性理论仅对激波与穿过界面很短的时间内有效，Sturtevant就发现实验结果与线性理论相差很大。     

运动激波和气泡串相互作用的初步数值模拟

通过对激波和流体界面相互作用诱导的大变形界面演化的数值模拟,验证Level set方法精确模拟多个流体界面的有效性.采用2阶迎风TVD求解欧拉方程得到流场解,采用5阶WENO求解Level set方程追踪多流体界面,采用GFM方法处理流体内界面.利用文[1]的计算结果校核本文程序.在此基础上,对运动激波和气泡串相互作用过程进行了初步数值模拟,得到了不同时刻运动激波和圆管内的两个气泡作用后的演化图象,包括压力和密度等值线分布.计算结果表明:针对推广后的多界面Level set方程,该方法仍可高质量地捕捉多个流体界面.     

RICHTMYER-MESHKOV不稳定性的数值模拟

采用了自适应的非结构网格和基于有限体积法的二阶Godunov格式,数值模拟了在激波作用下两种不同密度流体的交界面的演化过程.着重讨论了Richtmyer Meshkov不稳定性以及斜压效应在交界面演化过程中的作用,并给出了交界面的扰动增长率.     

激波作用不同椭圆氦气柱过程中流动混合研究

在激波与气柱相互作用问题中,压力与密度间断不平行产生的斜压涡量会引起流动的不稳定性,从而促进物质间的混合.本文基于双通量模型,结合五阶加权基本无振荡(WENO)格式,求解多组分二维Navier-Stokes方程,分析激波作用面积相同结构不同的椭圆气柱所致的流动和混合.数值结果清晰地显示了激波诱导Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性引起的气柱界面变形和波系演化.同时定量地从界面运动、界面结构参数变化(长度和高度)、气柱体积压缩率、环量及混合率等角度分析激波诱导的流动混合机制,研究椭圆几何构型对氦气混合过程的影响.结果表明,界面及相关参数的演化与气柱初始形状密切相关.当激波沿椭圆长轴作用于气柱时,气柱前端出现空气射流结构,且射流不断增长并渗透到下游界面,致使气柱分离成两个独立涡团,离心率越大,射流发展越快;同时激波作用气柱后在界面处产生不规则反射现象.圆形气柱界面演化与这种作用情形类似.当激波沿椭圆短轴作用于气柱时,界面上游出现类平面结构,随后平面上下缘处产生涡旋,主导流动发展,激波在界面作用产生规则反射,离心率越大,这些现象越明显.界面高度、长度、体积压缩率也因此有所差异.对界面演化、环量和混合率的综合分析表明,激波沿长轴作用于气柱且离心率较大时,流动发展较快,不稳定性导致的流动越复杂,越有利于氦气与环境介质的混合.     

Numerical simulation of the hydrodynamic instability experiments and flow mixing

Based on the numerical methods of volume of fluid (VOF) and piecewise parabolic method (PPM) and parallel circumstance of Message Passing Interface (MPI), a parallel multi-viscosity-fluid hydrodynamic code MVPPM (Multi-Viscosity-Fluid Piecewise Parabolic Method) is developed and performed to study the hydrodynamic instability and flow mixing. Firstly, the MVPPM code is verified and validated by simulating three instability cases: The first one is a Riemann problem of viscous flow on the shock tube; the second one is the hydrodynamic instability and mixing of gaseous flows under re-shocks; the third one is a half height experiment of interfacial instability, which is conducted on the AWE’s shock tube. By comparing the numerical results with experimental data, good agreement is achieved. Then the MVPPM code is applied to simulate the two cases of the interfacial instabilities of jelly models accelerated by explosion products of a gaseous explosive mixture (GEM), which are adopted in our experiments. The first is implosive dynamic interfacial instability of cylindrical symmetry and mixing. The evolving process of inner and outer interfaces, and the late distribution of mixing mass caused by Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) instability in the center of different radius are given. The second is jelly layer experiment which is initialized with one periodic perturbation with different amplitude and wave length. It reveals the complex processes of evolution of interface, and presents the displacement of front face of jelly layer, bubble head and top of spike relative to initial equilibrium position vs. time. The numerical results are in excellent agreement with that experimental images, and show that the amplitude of initial perturbations affects the evolvement of fluid mixing zone (FMZ) growth rate extremely, especially at late times.     

The numerical study of shock-induced hydrodynamic instability and mixing

Based on multi-fluid volume fraction and piecewise parabolic method (PPM), a multi-viscosity-fluid hydrodynamic code MVPPM (Multi-Viscosity-Fluid Piecewise Parabolic Method) is developed and applied to the problems of shock-induced hydrodynamic interfacial instability and mixing. Simulations of gas/liquid interface instability show that the influences of initial perturbations on the fluid mixing zone (FMZ) growth are significant, especially at the late stages, while grids have only a slight effect on the FMZ width, when the interface is impulsively accelerated by a shock wave passing through it. A numerical study of the hydrodynamic interfacial instability and mixing of gaseous flows impacted by re-shocks is presented. It reveals that the numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental results and the mixing growth rate strongly depends on initial conditions. Ultimately, the jelly layer experiment relevant to the instability impacted by exploding is simulated. The shape of jelly interface, position of front face of jelly layer, crest and trough of perturbation versus time are given; their simulated results are in good agreement with experimental results.     

Nonequilibrium and non-steady-state evolution of a shock state

Using numerical simulations, we study the evolution of silicon in the passage of a constant-pressure shock wave launched from an adjacent pusher. We examine also its optical characteristics of reflectivity and emission. Our finding points to the study of shocked interfaces as a novel means to explore nonequilibrium, non-steady-state behaviors of shock states and an alternative approach to assess electron-ion equilibration rate in a shock wave. It also reveals important structures in such a shock wave in contrast to its usual notion as a propagating discontinuity. This offers some possibilities for reconciling the different findings on the compressibility of deuterium.     

多介质五方程简化模型及界面捕捉的人工压缩算法

根据两介质五方程简化模型的基本假设,发展了适用于任意多种介质的体积分数方程.为了捕捉多介质界面,将HLLC-HLLCM混合型数值通量的计算格式推广应用于二维平面和柱几何的多介质复杂流动问题,在高阶精度的数据重构过程中采用斜率修正型人工压缩方法ACM.通过一维、二维多介质黎曼问题算例测试,结果表明:发展的计算格式能够较好...     

药柱冲击波在有机玻璃中的衰减特性研究

用作图法得到了药柱与有机玻璃隔板界面处的冲击波压力,利用AUTODYN 6.1软件模拟了药柱冲击波在有机玻璃隔板中的衰减过程,并用锰铜压力计法测量了药柱冲击波在不同厚度有机玻璃隔板中的压力,并根据理论公式计算了有机玻璃中相应的冲击波速度、波后质点速度和密度。结果表明,理论计算结果、数值模拟结果与试验测量结果一致,并根据试验结果得到了冲击波压力在有机玻璃中的衰减规律;AUTODYN 6.1软件能够准确地预测冲击波在有机玻璃隔板中的衰减特性。     

凝聚炸药爆轰波在高声速材料界面上的折射现象分析

凝聚炸药爆轰在边界高声速材料约束下传播时,爆轰波会在约束材料界面上产生复杂的折射现象.本文针对凝聚炸药爆轰波在高声速材料界面上的折射现象展开理论和数值模拟分析.首先通过建立在爆轰ZND模型上的改进爆轰波极曲线理论给出爆轰波折射类型,然后发展一种求解爆轰反应流动方程的基于特征理论的二阶单元中心型Lagrange计算方法来数值模拟典型的爆轰波折射过程.从改进爆轰波极曲线理论和二阶Lagrange方法数值模拟给出的结果看出,凝聚炸药爆轰波在高声速材料界面上的折射类型有四种:反射冲击波的正规折射、带束缚前驱波的非正规折射、带双Mach反射的非正规折射、带λ波结构的非正规折射.     

Holographic interferometric visualization of the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability induced by cylindrical shock waves

Results of quantitative holographic interferometric flow visualization of cylindrical interface instability induced by converging cylindrical shock waves are reported. Experiments were conducted in an annular vertical co-axial diaphragmless shock tube, in which cylindrical soap bubbles filled with He, Ne, Air, Ar, Kr, Xe and SF₆ were co-axially placed in its test section. Pressure histories at different radii during the shock wave implosion and reflection from the center were measured. Diagnostic method base on double exposure holographic interferometry was applied for the measurement of turbulent mixing zone at the interface. The observed cylindrical interfaces were found to have a higher growth rate of turbulent mixing zone than that of the plane shock / plane interface.