导弹纵向俯仰气动特性数值分析

应用有限体积方法求解三维可压缩雷诺平均N-S方程,计算了某型巡航导弹的静、动态绕流流场和空气动力特性.湍流模型应用修正后的B-L代数湍流模型.以细长旋成体绕流流场为例进行数值计算,并和实验数据相比较,验证了本文方法的可靠性,在此基础上,开展了某型巡航导弹绕不同转轴和以不同频率进行俯仰振动的非定常气动力迟滞特性研究.计算结果表明,当导弹作快速俯仰振动时,在上仰和下俯过程中的同一迎角瞬间,绕导弹流场流动明显不同,表现出明显的非定常迟滞特性.并且,导弹的非定常气动力迟滞特性随振动频率的增大变化明显,且气动力迟滞曲线随着振动轴位置的变化而变化.     

飞行器变后掠过程非定常气动特性形成机理

可变体飞行器变后掠过程中的时变气动力与力矩特性对于飞行安全具有重要意义,是亟待深入研究的基础问题.通过风洞实验对其开展了研究,揭示了可变体飞行器变后掠引起的气动特性动态迟滞现象及滞回环大小与方向的影响因素.基于风洞实验结果和力学中一些重要概念,提出了3种物理效应:流场迟滞效应、附加运动效应、固壁牵连效应,以此定性与定量论证了可变体飞行器变后掠过程中非定常气动特性的形成机理.除了能解释实验现象,这一机理研究亦可用于后续可变体飞行器变后掠过程中的气动特性建模.     

高空高速飞行器气动特性研究

高空高速飞行中的黏性干扰效应、真实气体效应和稀薄气体效应成为决定未来空天飞行器能否实现安全飞行、精确控制和制导的重大基础科学问题, 必须发展相应的基础理论和研究方法.该文从计算方法、流动拓扑分析以及典型飞行器应用等方面介绍了作者所在研究团队近年来部分工作进展.      

离心叶轮气动声场的数值计算与分析

采用SIMPLEC算法对Ghost叶轮的三维非定常流场进行了数值模拟。利用计算所得流场结果并结合Lighthill和Lowson声学方程计算了由叶片表面非定常脉动力产生的气动噪声。计算结果表明:气动噪声的峰值主要集中在基频及其谐波附近;与静止的点声源相比,运动的点声源不仅使声场存在明显的多普勒效应,还会使声场的强度产生较大的变化;但对转速恒定的旋转点声源,加速度的变化对声场的影响可以忽略;从声场的分布来看,整个旋转叶轮可以看成是一个按简谐变化的偶极子源,数值计算结果与理论分析的结果吻合良好。     

基于雨燕翅膀的仿生三角翼气动特性计算研究

针对低雷诺数微型飞行器的气动布局,设计出类似雨燕翅膀的一组具有不同前缘钝度的中等后掠(Λ=50?)仿生三角翼.为了定量对比研究三角翼后缘收缩产生的气动效应,设计了一组具有同等后掠的普通三角翼.为了深入研究仿生三角翼布局的前缘涡演化特性以及总体气动特性,采用数值模拟方法详细地探索了低雷诺数(Re=1.58×104)流动条...     

绕振荡水翼流动及其转捩特性的数值计算研究

通过对比标准k-ω SST 湍流模型和基于标准k-ω SST 湍流模型修正的γ-Re_θ 转捩湍流模型对绕振荡NACA66 水翼流动的数值计算结果与实验结果,对水翼振荡过程的水动力特性和流场结构变化进行了分析研究. 结果表明:与标准k-ω SST 湍流模型的数值计算结果相比,基于标准k-ω SST 湍流模型修正的γ-Re_θ 转捩湍流模型能有效预测绕振荡翼型流场结构和水动力特性,捕捉流场边界层发生的流动分离和转捩现象;绕振荡水翼的流动过程可分为5 个特征阶段,当来流攻角较小时,在水翼前缘发生层流向湍流的转捩现象,水翼动力特征曲线出现变化拐点;随着来流攻角的增大,顺时针尾缘涡逐渐形成并向水翼前缘发展;当攻角较大时,前缘涡分离导致动力失速,水翼的动力特征曲线出现大幅波动;水翼处于顺时针向下旋转阶段,绕水翼的流动状态逐渐由湍流过渡为层流.      

高超声速飞行器关键部位气动热计算

运用快速算法对高超声速飞行器外表面的一些关键部位经受的气动热环境进行计算分析。在理论和经验公式的基础上,利用轴对称比拟法考虑攻角影响,采用局部相似性解及参考焓等方法确定飞行器有攻角再入的表面气动加热,发展了一套高超声速飞行器关键部位气动热的计算方法。以钝锥为算例对计算方法进行了验证,结果表明,本文所述方法具有较高的效率和精度。     

平面叶栅跨音流场气动特性的数值研究

通过对模型方程的分析，给出了一种新的隐格式构造思想。将它运用到关通量分裂格式中，可得到无近似因子分解、无矩阵运算的高效二阶精度隐式矢通量分裂差分格式，并用来直接求解时间平均Ｎａｖｉｅｒ－Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ方程组。数值计算标明：该方法具有精度高、稳定性好、计算量少、收敛快等优点，在平面叶栅跨音流场的计算中，较好地捕获了激波，与实验比较，结果令人满意。     

数值研究激波与旋涡的相互作用

从非定常形式的Euler方程出发,数值模拟了运动激波与旋涡相互作用的非定常流动过程。为保证激波具有较高的分辨率,采用对称型TVD格式进行了数值计算。结果表明。这样可以有效地模拟流场中一些复杂的流动现象,如激波变形、激波分叉和三波点的形成,以及旋涡结构的变化过程等,并与已有的实验流动显示相符良好。同时,也是对TVD格式求解这类问题的一次初步尝试。     

级环境下叶片扩压器流场的实验与数值研究

为了研究离心压缩机级环境下的非定常干扰的基本流动现象,并验证多级叶轮机械的CFD软件的分析能力, 对一大尺度离心压缩机的叶片扩压器流场进行了实验测量和数值计算. 实验采用了固定热线、相位锁定------系综平均技术,用常温热线风速仪对叶轮后的叶片扩压器通道内不同周向、径向和轴向位置处的非定常速度进行了测量,同时提出了非定常强度的概念,以定量考核非定常的影响.实验结果表明, 叶片扩压器内的非定常流动非常复杂,其时间周期并非叶轮叶片通过时间,随着与离心叶轮之间的距离增大,非定常扰动逐渐减弱,但一直延续到叶片扩压器的出口.另外,对该实验压缩机级开展了两个不同的数值计算,并与实验数据进行了比较：定常数值计算软件采用了作者发展的确定应力模型,非定常数值计算是用商业软件NUMECA实现的,计算采用了滑移界面技术. 两个计算结果与实验在扩压器的进口截面处吻合得很好.     

高超声速非定常流动的数值模拟与气动热计算

高超声速飞行器研究中的一个重点问题是飞行器表面的气动加热,它对飞行器的气动、热特性及安全性有重要的影响.受到当前实验技术的限制,地面实验无法准确模拟真实飞行条件,所以采用数值模拟研究气动加热问题成为目前重要的研究手段.本文采用数值方法求解三维N-S方程,得到钝头体再入模型绕流的瞬态流场,驻点温度及表面热流沿轨道变化规律.计算中采用变边界条件模拟沿轨道飞行的非定常性.     

Computation of unsteady flow past blunt bodies

In accordance with the recent experimental research for flow visualization,theunsteady behavior of the starting period is investigated numerically for flow past bluntbodies.Finite difference methods are employed to solve the unsteady two-dimensionalincompressible Navier-Stokes equations.A short discussion is presented of explicit,implicit and ADI methods.Finally,the explicit and ADI schemes are used to study the flowfield in the starting period for flow past mountain-shaped and rectangular bodies.     

Effects of unsteady deformation of flapping wing on its aerodynamic forces

Effects of unsteady deformation of a flapping model insect wing on its aerodynamic force production are studied by solving the Navier-Stokes equations on a dynamically deforming grid.Aerodynamic forces on the flapping wing are not much affected by considerable twist,but affected by camber deformation.The effect of combined camber and twist deformation is similar to that of camber deformation.With a deformation of 6% camber and 20°twist(typical values observed for wings of many insects),lift is increased bv 10%～20%and lift-to-drag ratio by around 10%compared with the case of a rigid flat-plate wing.As a result.the deformation can increase the maximum lift coefficient of an insect.and reduce its power requirement for flight.For example,for a hovering bumblebee with dynamically deforming wings(6?mber and 20°twist),aerodynamic power required is reduced by about 16%compared with the case of rigid wings.     

Numerical study of a piston-driven unsteady flow in a pipe with sudden expansion

This paper presents results of the numerical study of a piston-driven unsteady flow in a pipe with sudden expansion. The piston closes the larger-diameter pipe and moves between two limiting positions with strong acceleration or deceleration at the beginning and end of each stroke and constant velocity in between. The piston velocity in the exhaust stroke is about four times higher than in the intake stroke. Periodic piston movement in this fashion creates a complex unsteady flow between the piston head and the plane of sudden expansion. The numerical method is implicit and of finite volume type, using a moving grid and a collocated arrangement of variables. Second-order spatial discretization, fine grids and a multigrid solution method were used to ensure high accuracy and good efficiency. Spatial and temporal discretization errors were of the order of 1% and 0.1% respectively. The features of the flow are discussed and the velocity profiles are compared with experimental data, showing good qualitative and quantitative agreement.     

Numerical simulation of the unsteady behaviour of cavitating flows

A 2D numerical model is proposed to simulate unsteady cavitating flows. The Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes equations are solved for the mixture of liquid and vapour, which is considered as a single fluid with variable density. The vapourization and condensation processes are controlled by a barotropic state law that relates the fluid density to the pressure variations. The numerical resolution is a pressure‐correction method derived from the SIMPLE algorithm, with a finite volume discretization. The standard scheme is slightly modified to take into account the cavitation phenomenon. That numerical model is used to calculate unsteady cavitating flows in two Venturi type sections. The choice of the turbulence model is discussed, and the standard RNG k–εmodel is found to lead to non‐physical stable cavities. A modified k–εmodel is proposed to improve the simulation. The influence of numerical and physical parameters is presented, and the numerical results are compared to previous experimental observations and measurements. The proposed model seems to describe the unsteady cavitation behaviour in 2D geometries well. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Research on the hysteresis properties of unsteady aerodynamics about the oscillating wings

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Numerical simulation of axisymmetric unsteady incompressible flow by a vorticity-velocity method

A new numerical method for solving the axisymmetric unsteady incompressible Navier-Stokes equations using vorticity-velocity variables and a staggered grid is presented. The solution is advanced in time with an explicit two-stage Runge-Kutta method. At each stage a vector Poisson equation for velocity is solved. Some important aspects of staggering of the variable location, divergence-free correction to the velocity field by means of a suitably chosen scalar potential and numerical treatment of the vorticity boundary condition are examined. The axisymmetric spherical Couette flow between two concentric differentially rotating spheres is computed as an initial value problem. Comparison of the computational results using a staggered grid with those using a non-staggered grid shows that the staggered grid is superior to the non-staggered grid. The computed scenario of the transition from zero-vortex to two-vortex flow at moderate Reynolds number agrees with that simulated using a pseudospectral method, thus validating the temporal accuracy of our method.     

Time marching integral equation method for unsteady transonic flows

In this paper, we have proposed a time marching intregral equation method which does not have the limitation of the time linearized integral equation method in that the latter method can not satisfactorily simulate the shock-wave motions. Firstly, a model problem—one dimensional initial and boundary value wave problem is treated to clarify the basic idea of the new method. Then the method is implemented for 2-D and 3-D unsteady transonic flow problems. The introduction of the concept of a quasi-velocity-potential simplifies the time marching integral equations and the treatment of trailing vortex sheet condition. The numerical calculations show that the method is reasonable and reliable.     

Unsteady transonic aerodynamic loadings on the airfoil caused by heaving,pitching oscillations and control surface

An implicit upwind finite volume solver for the Euler equations using the improved flux-splitting method is established and used to calculate the transonic flow past the airfoils with heaving, pitching oscillations and the control surface. Results are given for the NACA64A-10 airfoil which is in harmonic heaving and pitching oscillation and with the control surface in the transonic flow field. Some computational results are compared with the experiment data and the good agreements are shown in the paper.     

Computation of field structure and aerodynamic characteristics of delta wings at high angles of attack

A numerical investigation of the structure of the vortical flowfield over delta wings at high angles of attack in longitudinal and with small sideslip angle is presented. Three-dimensional Navier-Stokes numerical simulations were carried out to predict the complex leeward-side flowfield characteristics that are dominated by the effect of the breakdown of the leading-edge vortices. The methods that analyze the flowfield structure quantitatively were given by using flowfield data from the computational results. In the region before the vortex breakdown, the vortex axes are approximated as being straight line. As the angle of attack increases, the vortex axes are closer to the root chord, and farther away from the wing surface. Along the vortex axes, as the adverse pressure gradients occur, the axial velocity decreases, that is, A is negativee, so the vortex is unstable, and it is possible to breakdown. The occurrence of the breakdown results in the instability of lateral motion for a delta wing, and the lateral moment diverges after a small perturbation occurs at high angles of attack. However, after a critical angle of attack is reached the vortices breakdown completely at the wing apex, and the instability resulting from the vortex breakdown disappears.