在线二维柱切换高效液相色谱法同时测定牙膏中三七皂苷R1、人参皂苷Rg1、Re和Rb1

使用双梯度液相色谱系统紫外检测器,建立了二维液相色谱法全自动快速同时测定牙膏中三七皂苷R1、人参皂苷Rg1、Re和Rb1的含量。样品经超声提取后,以Syncronis C18为一维分析柱,ODS C18为二维分析柱,利用一维色谱柱完成三七皂苷R1和人参皂苷Rb1分离测定以及人参皂苷Rg1和人参皂苷Re的净化;利用二维色谱柱完成人参皂苷Rg1和人参皂苷Re的分析。一维分析和二维分析均以乙腈-水体系作为流动相,梯度洗脱,检测波长为203 nm,整个分析过程仅需30 min。三七皂苷 R1、人参皂苷 Rg1、Re 和 Rb1在0.5~200 mg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数R2分别为0.9994,0.9996,0.9995和0.9994,平均回收率均在86.4％~95.1％之间。本方法简便快速,测定结果准确可靠,可用于牙膏中三七皂苷R1、人参皂苷Rg1、Re和Rb1含量的测定。     

人参中人参皂苷的直接高压微波辅助降解

采用高效液相色谱-电喷雾质谱联用法测定了人参提取液中的人参皂苷. 考察了天然人参皂苷发生降解的条件, 同时研究了单体人参皂苷Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rc, Rb2和Rd的降解, 并对降解产物进行了分析. 结果表明, 随着提取压力的升高, 提取液中天然人参皂苷的含量逐渐减少, 同时产生多种次级人参皂苷. 当微波提取压力达到600 kPa, 提取时间为10 min时, 提取液中的主要天然人参皂苷达到完全降解, 次级人参皂苷Rg3含量达到最高. 在单体人参皂苷Rb1, Rc, Rb2和Rd的降解产物中均得到人参皂苷Rg3.     

高效液相色谱法测定竹节参中多种人参皂苷含量

建立了高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定竹节参中人参皂苷Rg1、Re、Rb1、Rb2、Rg2、Rd含量的方法.运用二极管阵列检测器(DAD)峰纯度和光谱检索功能,结合保留时间定性,外标峰面积法定量.采用C18反相柱,以乙腈-水梯度洗脱测定了同一批竹节参总皂苷中人参皂苷Rg1、Re、Rd的含量分别为0.81%、0.15%、2.99%,回收率为93.46%~94.02%,含量及回收率的RSD均小于5%,该方法简便、灵敏,精密度及准确度在允许范围内,可作为竹节参皂苷提取物中多种人参皂苷的同时测定方法.     

超高效液相色谱法测定参麦注射液中间产品中的人参皂苷Rg_1、Re和Rb_1

采用超高效液相色谱法测定参麦注射液中间产品中的人参皂苷Rg1、Re和Rb1。参麦注射液中间产品经0.2μm滤膜过滤,以ACQUITY UPLC shield BEH RP18色谱柱为分离柱,以乙腈-水为流动相进行梯度洗脱,紫外检测波长为203nm。人参皂苷Rg1、Re和Rb1的质量浓度在0.081 8~0.409 2g·L-1范围内与峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)分别为0.652,0.479,0.916mg·L-1。加标回收率在99.9%~100%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=9)在0.47%~0.64%之间。     

高效液相色谱-飞行时间质谱联用法分析人参及人参皂苷与山楂配伍过程中的水解行为

利用高效液相色谱-飞行时间质谱联用的方法,分别对人参配伍山楂前后人参皂苷的变化进行分析,同时对人参皂苷Re、Rg1、Rb1、Rd与山楂配伍的水解规律进行系统研究,并与单独煎煮液、仿山楂配伍pH值煎煮液的水解产物进行比较,结果发现人参与山楂配伍后人参皂苷Rg1、Rb1含量明显减少,而人参皂苷Re、Rd、Rg2、Rg3、F2、Rh1含量明显增加,其中人参皂苷Re与山楂配伍后水解产物为人参皂苷20(R)-Rg2、20(S)-Rg2,仿山楂配伍pH值水解产物为人参皂苷20(R)-Rg2、20(S)-Rg2、Rg4、Rg6;人参皂苷Rg1与山楂配伍后水解产物为20(S)-Rh1、20(R)-Rh1,仿山楂pH值水解产物为20(S)-Rh1、20(R)-Rh1、Rh4、Rk3;人参皂苷Rb1与山楂配伍后水解产物为Rd、20(S)-Rg3,仿山楂pH值水解产物为F2、20(S)-Rg3;人参皂苷Rd与山楂配伍后水解产物为F2、20(S)-Rg3、20(R)-Rg3,仿山楂pH值水解产物为20(S)-Rg3、20(R)-Rg3。研究表明,不同人参皂苷和山楂配伍后与仿山楂pH值的水解产物并不相同,人参与山楂配伍改变了人参皂苷成分的种类及含量。本研究为临床方剂中人参与山楂配伍后成分的变化提供物质基础数据。     

反相高效液相色谱法同时测定三七药材中4种皂苷的含量

建立了以0．02％磷酸-乙腈为流动相，梯度洗脱反相高效液相色谱同时测定中药材三七中三七皂苷R1、人参皂苷Rg1、Rb1和Rd 4种皂苷的新方法。R1、Rg1、Rb1和Rd 4种皂苷的加样回收率分别为89．54％、90．08％、82．82％与84．46％；线性范围分别为0．244-6．110、0．820-20．510、0．396-9．890与0．260-6．500μg。测定了不同规格、部位和来源的三七药材里的4种皂苷R1、Rg1、Rb1和Rd。方法准确可靠，结果稳定，重现性好，可用于三七及其制剂的质控。     

高效液相色谱法快速测定参芪降糖胶囊中人参皂苷的含量

建立了高效液相色谱法快速测定参芪降糖胶囊中人参皂苷Rg1、人参皂苷Re、人参皂苷Rd含量的方法.采用3.5μm Coreshell C18核壳型分离填料(3.0 mm×150 mm)为色谱柱,分别以纯乙腈、纯水为流动相进行梯度淋洗,流量为0.43 mL/min,柱箱温度为25℃,检测波长为203 nm.人参皂苷Rg1、...     

泡沫浮选-固相提取分离富集三七提取液中的人参皂苷

采用泡沫浮选-固相提取联用法,分离富集三七中的R1,Rg1,Re,Rc,Rb2,Rb3,Rd和Rb1,并用液相色谱法测定其含量,检测灵敏度和选择性都有所提高.对泡沫浮选过程的载气流量、浮选时间、样品溶液pH值和固相提取柱的洗脱条件进行了优化.原人参二醉型皂苷R1,Rc,Rb2,Rb3,Rd和Rb1的回收率在85.0%9...     

密闭式微波降解法促进常见人参皂苷向稀有人参皂苷转化的规律

采用密闭微波技术对7种常见人参皂苷单体(Rb1,Rb2,Rb3,Rc,Rd,Re和Rg1)进行降解,通过高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析并与相同条件下非微波降解物对比,研究了密闭微波降解人参皂苷的产物在化学结构及组成上的变化规律,以期快速、高效地制备生物活性高的稀有人参皂苷.结果表明,密闭式微波降解法能够使常见人参皂苷基本降解完全,而相同条件下非微波降解法则基本不发生降解.原人参二醇型人参皂苷易水解掉C20位糖,并发生C20位构型变化,生成20(R)-Rg3和20(S)-Rg3,其中20-(R)为优势构型,C20位羟基进一步脱水产生稀有人参皂苷Rk1和Rg5.同时,20(S/R)-Rg3失去C3位的1分子葡萄糖转化为20(S/R)-Rh2,C20位羟基再进一步脱水生成了Rk2和Rh3.此外,人参皂苷C20位所连的糖种类与构型影响了降解产物中各稀有皂苷的组成与比例,但7种原人参二醇型人参皂苷密闭式微波降解产物中Rg5含量均为最高.密闭式微波降解对原三醇型人参皂苷的转化作用与原二醇型人参皂苷具有相似的规律,人参皂苷Re和Rg1的密闭式微波降解产物中Rh4含量均为最高.本文结果进一步说明在相同的降解条件下,密闭式微波降解法的降解效率远高于高温高压非微波降解法,密闭式微波降解可明显促进常见人参皂苷向稀有人参皂苷转化,因此采用密闭微波技术对常见人参皂苷进行降解可以大量获得稀有人参皂苷.     

人参皂苷的仿生提取研究

通过体外模拟胃肠道环境,建立一种提取人参皂苷的仿生方法.考察了提取条件对配制的仿生胃液和仿生肠液提取人参皂苷浓度的影响.基于高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱的多反应监测模式建立定量分析Re,Rg1,20(S)-Rf,Rb1,Ro,Rc,Rb2,Rd等8种人参皂苷的方法,并比较了仿生和超声两种提取方法的人参皂苷提取效率.结果...     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。